Fault-Zone Waves Observed at the Southern Joshua Tree Earthquake Rupture Zone

Waveform and spectral characteristics of several aftershocks of the M 6.1 22 April 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake recorded at stations just north of the Indio Hills in the Coachella Valley can be interpreted in terms of waves propagating within narrow, low-velocity, high-attenuation, vertical zones. Evidence for our interpretation consists of: (1) emergent P arrivals prior to and opposite in polarity to the impulsive direct phase; these arrivals can be modeled as headwaves indicative of a transfault velocity contrast; (2) spectral peaks in the S wave train that can be interpreted as internally reflected, low-velocity fault-zone wave energy; and (3) spatial selectivity of event-station pairs at which these data are observed, suggesting a long, narrow geologic structure. The observed waveforms are modeled using the analytical solution of Ben-Zion and Aki (1990) for a plane-parallel layered fault-zone structure. Synthetic waveform fits to the observed data indicate the presence of NS-trending vertical fault-zone layers characterized by a thickness of 50 to 100 m, a velocity decrease of 10 to 15% relative to the surrounding rock, and a P-wave quality factor in the range 25 to 50

A Molecular Platinum Cluster Junction: A Single-Molecule Switch

We present a theoretical study of the electronic transport through single-molecule junctions incorporating a Pt6 metal cluster bound within an organic framework. We show that the insertion of this molecule between a pair of electrodes leads to a fully atomically engineered nano-metallic device with high conductance at the Fermi level and two sequential high on/off switching states. The origin of this property can be traced back to the existence of a HOMO which consists of two degenerate and asymmetric orbitals, lying close in energy to the Fermi level of the metallic leads. Their degeneracy is broken when the molecule is contacted to the leads, giving rise to two resonances which become pinned close to the Fermi level and display destructive interference.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135 (6), 2052. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Societ

Effect of Fuel-Air Ratio, Inlet Temperature, and Exhaust Pressure on Detonation

An accurate determination of the end-gas condition was attempted by applying a refined method of analysis to experimental results. The results are compared with those obtained in Technical Report no. 655. The experimental technique employed afforded excellent control over the engine variables and unusual cyclic reproducibility. This, in conjunction with the new analysis, made possible the determination of the state of the end-gas at any instant to a fair degree of precision. Results showed that for any given maximum pressure the maximum permissible end-gas temperature increased as the fuel-air ratio was increased. The tendency to detonate was slightly reduced by an increase in residual gas content resulting from an increase in exhaust backpressure with inlet pressure constant

Epidemiology of Lead Poisoning in Cattle

The case histories of lead poisoning diagnosed in 63 herds of cattle over the past five years were studied. The toxicosis was found to be most prominent during the spring months and resulted in a 61 percent fatality rate. The clinical signs observed involved mainly the central nervous and gastrointestinal systems, as did the post mortem findings. The mean tissue lead levels were determined and correlated with the source of the toxicant

The influence of pressure on the phase stability of nanocomposite Fe_(89)Zr_7B_4 during heating from energy dispersive x-ray diffraction

Nanocomposite materials consisting of small crystalline grains embedded within an amorphous matrix show promise for many soft magnetic applications. The influence of pressure is investigated by in situ diffraction of hammer milled Fe_(89)Zr_(7)B_4 during heating through the α → γ Fe transition at 0.5, 2.2, and 4.9 GPa. The changes in primary and secondary crystallization onset are described by diffusion and the energy to form a critical nucleus within the framework of classical nucleation theory

Mining routinely collected acute data to reveal non-linear relationships between nurse staffing levels and outcomes

Report of a study of routinely collected data in one NHS hospital that revealed hitherto unrecognised patterns between nurse staffing and patient outcome

Turning to God in the Face of Ostracism: Effects of Social Exclusion on Religiousness

The present research proposes that individuals who are socially excluded can turn to religion to cope with the experience. Empirical studies conducted to test this hypothesis consistently found that socially excluded persons reported (a) significantly higher levels of religious affiliation (Studies 1, 2, and 4) and (b) stronger intentions to engage in religious behaviors (Study 2) than comparable, nonexcluded individuals. Direct support for the stress-buffering function of religiousness was also found, with a religious prime reducing the aggression-eliciting effects of consequent social rejection (Study 5). These effects were observed in both Christian and Muslim samples, revealing that turning to religion can be a powerful coping response when dealing with social rejection. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed

High speed electric motors based on high performance novel soft magnets

Novel Co-based soft magnetic materials are presented as a potential substitute for electrical steels in high speed motors for current industry applications. The low losses, high permeabilities, and good mechanical strength of these materials enable application in high rotational speed induction machines. Here, we present a finite element analysis of Parallel Path Magnetic Technology rotating motors constructed with both silicon steel and Co-based nanocomposite. The later achieved a 70% size reduction and an 83% reduction on NdFeB magnet volume with respect to a similar Si-steel design.Fil: Silveyra, Josefina María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Fisica. Laboratorio de Sólidos Amorfos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería; Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Leary, A. M.. University Of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: DeGeorge, V.. University Of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Simizu, S.. Advanced Materials Corporation; Estados UnidosFil: McHenry, M. E.. University Of Carnegie Mellon; Estados Unido