Non-collinear coupling between magnetic adatoms in carbon nanotubes

The long range character of the exchange coupling between localized magnetic moments indirectly mediated by the conduction electrons of metallic hosts often plays a significant role in determining the magnetic order of low-dimensional structures. In addition to this indirect coupling, here we show that the direct exchange interaction that arises when the moments are not too far apart may induce a non-collinear magnetic order that cannot be characterized by a Heisenberg-like interaction between the magnetic moments. We argue that this effect can be manipulated to control the magnetization alignment of magnetic dimers adsorbed to the walls of carbon nanotubes.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR

Environmentally sustainable facile synthesis of nanocrystalline holmium hafnate (Ho2Hf2O7): Promising new oxide-ion conducting solid electrolyte

A2B2O7 oxides with defect-fluorite structure are one of the potential candidates for solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte material due to their excessive thermodynamic stability in oxygen potential gradient at elevated temperature between 500 and 900 °C. Holmium hafnate nanoparticles have been synthesised through the Leeds Alginate Process (LAP) using inorganic salts of holmium and hafnium as starting materials immobilized in alginate beads. Ion exchange with sodium alginate and its subsequent thermal treatment have been used to prepare the nanopowder of Ho2Hf2O7. Thermal decomposition of dried beads is carried out at 700 °C for 2 h and 6 h to obtain the nanoparticles of Ho2Hf2O7. This calcination temperature was determined after carrying out simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). High Temperature X-ray Diffraction (HT-XRD) was carried out to gain further insight into the thermal decomposition process in static ambient environment. HT-XRD analysis corroborated with the results obtained from TGA/DSC. Nano-crystalline powder of single phase Ho2Hf2O7 has been obtained by calcination of oven dried ion-exchanged alginate beads in relatively low temperature range of 500–700 °C. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed the formation of single phase defect fluorite structure of Ho2Hf2O7. The crystallographic parameters calculated from TEM and XRD analysis are in excellent agreement with each other. Furthermore, TEM–EDX analysis confirms that the Ho2Hf2O7 synthesised by the facile alginate process is nearly stoichiometric. Raman spectroscopy gives evidence of the presence of oxide-ion vacancy in holmium hafnate which is supported with ac-impedance spectroscopy measurement at selected three temperatures. The present study suggests that the LAP has the capability of yielding on a large scale single phase defect-fluorite nanoparticles of electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells in environmentally sustainable, economical and energy efficiently manner

Influence of heavy modes on perturbations in multiple field inflation

We investigate linear cosmological perturbations in multiple field inflationary models where some of the directions are light while others are heavy (with respect to the Hubble parameter). By integrating out the massive degrees of freedom, we determine the multi-dimensional effective theory for the light degrees of freedom and give explicitly the propagation matrix that replaces the effective sound speed of the one-dimensional case. We then examine in detail the consequences of a sudden turn along the inflationary trajectory, in particular the possible breakdown of the low energy effective theory in case the heavy modes are excited. Resorting to a new basis in field space, instead of the usual adiabatic/entropic basis, we study the evolution of the perturbations during the turn. In particular, we compute the power spectrum and compare with the result obtained from the low energy effective theory.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures; v2 substantial changes in sec.V; v3 matching the published version on JCA

Interfacial Origin of the Magnetisation Suppression of Thin Film Yttrium Iron Garnet

Yttrium iron garnet has a very high Verdet constant, is transparent in the infrared and is an insulating ferrimagnet leading to its use in optical and magneto-optical applications. Its high Q-factor has been exploited to make resonators and filters in microwave devices, but it also has the lowest magnetic damping of any known material. In this article we describe the structural and magnetic properties of single crystal thin-film YIG where the temperature dependence of the magnetisation reveals a decrease in the low temperature region. In order to understand this complex material we bring a large number of structural and magnetic techniques to bear on the same samples. Through a comprehensive analysis we show that at the substrate -YIG interface, an interdiffusion zone of only 4 - 6nm exists. Due to the interdiffusion of Y from the YIG and Gd from the substrate, an addition magnetic layer is formed at the interface whose properties are crucially important in samples with a thickness of YIG less than 200nm

Quasi-Single Field Inflation with Large Mass

We study the effect of massive isocurvaton on density perturbations in quasi-single field inflation models, when the mass of the isocurvaton M becomes larger than the order of the Hubble parameter H. We analytically compute the correction to the power spectrum, leading order in coupling but exact for all values of mass. This verifies the previous numerical results for the range 0<M<3H/2 and shows that, in the large mass limit, the correction is of order H^2/M^2.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor revisio

Spin re-orientation induced anisotropic magnetoresistance switching in LaCo0.5_{0.5}Ni0.5_{0.5}O3−δ_{3-\delta} thin films

Realization of novel functionalities by tuning magnetic interactions in rare earth perovskite oxide thin films opens up exciting technological prospects. Strain-induced tuning of magnetic interactions in rare earth cobaltates and nickelates is of central importance due to their versatility in electronic transport properties. Here we reported the spin re-orientation induced switching of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and its tunability with strain in epitaxial LaCo$_{0.5}$Ni$_{0.5}$O$_{3-\delta}$ thin films across the ferromagnetic transition. Moreover, with strain tuning, we could observe a two-fold to four-fold symmetry crossover in AMR across the magnetic transition temperature. The magnetization measurements revealed an onset of ferromagnetic transition around 50 K, and a further reduction in temperature showed a subtle change in the magnetization dynamics, which reduced the ferromagnetic long-range ordering and introduced glassiness in the system. X-ray absorption and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy measurements over Co and Ni L edges revealed the Co spin state transition below the magnetic transition temperature leading to the AMR switching and also the presence of Ni$^{2+}$ and Co$^{4+}$ ions evidencing the charge transfer from Ni to Co ions. Our work demonstrated the tunability of magnetic interactions mediated electronic transport in cobaltate-nickelate thin films, which is relevant in understanding Ni-Co interactions in oxides for their technological applications such as in AMR sensors

π-anisotropy: A nanocarbon route to hard magnetism

High coercivity magnets are an important resource for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and memory technologies. Most hard magnetic materials incorporate rare earths such as neodymium and samarium, but concerns about the environmental impact and supply stability of these materials are prompting research into alternatives. Here, we present a hybrid bilayer of cobalt and the nanocarbon molecule C60 which exhibits significantly enhanced coercivity with minimal reduction in magnetization. We demonstrate how this anisotropy enhancing effect cannot be described by existing models of molecule-metal magnetic interfaces. We outline a form of anisotropy, arising from asymmetric magnetoelectric coupling in the metal-molecule interface. Because this phenomenon arises from π−d hybrid orbitals, we propose calling this effect π-anisotropy. While the critical temperature of this effect is currently limited by the rotational degree of freedom of the chosen molecule, C60, we describe how surface functionalization would allow for the design of room-temperature, carbon-based hard magnetic films

Thickness dependence study of current-driven ferromagnetic resonance in Y3Fe5O12/heavy metal bilayers

We use ferromagnetic resonance to study the current-induced torques in YIG/heavy metal bilayers. YIG samples with thickness varying from 14.8 nm to 80 nm, with the Pt or Ta thin film on top, are measured by applying a microwave current into the heavy metals and measuring the longitudinal DC voltage generated by both spin rectification and spin pumping. From a symmetry analysis of the FMR lineshape and its dependence on YIG thickness, we deduce that the Oersted field dominates over spin-transfer torque in driving magnetization dynamics

A Statistical Approach to Multifield Inflation: Many-field Perturbations Beyond Slow Roll

We study multifield contributions to the scalar power spectrum in an ensemble of six-field inflationary models obtained in string theory. We identify examples in which inflation occurs by chance, near an approximate inflection point, and we compute the primordial perturbations numerically, both exactly and using an array of truncated models. The scalar mass spectrum and the number of fluctuating fields are accurately described by a simple random matrix model. During the approach to the inflection point, bending trajectories and violations of slow roll are commonplace, and 'many-field' effects, in which three or more fields influence the perturbations, are often important. However, in a large fraction of models consistent with constraints on the tilt the signatures of multifield evolution occur on unobservably large scales. Our scenario is a concrete microphysical realization of quasi-single-field inflation, with scalar masses of order $H$, but the cubic and quartic couplings are typically too small to produce detectable non-Gaussianity. We argue that our results are characteristic of a broader class of models arising from multifield potentials that are natural in the Wilsonian sense.Comment: 39 pages, 17 figures. References added. Matches version published in JCA