Evaluación de la dinámica temporal de la materia orgánica en la cuenca de klyazma utilizando monitoreo remoto y qgis trends.earth

El artículo está dedicado al estudio de la dinámica de los procesos biológicos en los paisajes en los limites de la zona de captación. Se eligió como zona modelo la cuenca del río Klyazma (que esta entrando con un afluente de cuarto orden a la cuenca del Volga), que es una combinación bastante compleja de diferentes paisajes. El estudio se basó en datos de teledetección. Se eligieron como parámetros los indicadores de fito-productividad y de carbono del suelo. Se estableció que en los distintos paisajes los procesos biológicos difieren tanto en velocidad como en intensidad y responden de forma ambigua a los cambios en los parámetros climáticos y al cambio en el uso del suelo. Sin embargo, en general, la cuenca hidrográfica, como ecosistema único, mostró suficiente estabilidad en los procesos dinámicos. Esto indica que los ecosistemas naturales holísticos tienen internas propiedades compensatoria

Microsatellite loci variability in apple cultivars developed at VIR

Background. Microsatellite (SSR) markers are now widely used both for studying genetic diversity in fruit crop collections, including apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), and for genotyping individual accessions. The apple collection held by VIR, being the largest in Russia, contains cultivars bred at five experiment stations of VIR. These cultivars not only meet the requirements of horticulture in the region of their origin, but also are interesting as sources of valuable traits for breeding programs. However, these cultivars have not previously been studied using microsatellite markers. Materials and methods. A set of 10 SSR markers (CH02c02b, CH03d01, CH01f03b, CH02d08, CH02c02a, CH05e03, CH02c09, CHVf1, CH01h01, COL) was used for genotyping 35 apple cultivars developed at VIR and four parental forms. Fluorescently labeled PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis on ABI Prism 3130xl.Results. In 35 apple cultivars from VIR, 97 alleles were identified at ten studied loci. The number of alleles per locus varied from 5 (CH02c02b) to 17 (CH02c02a). The frequency of unique alleles was 26,8%, with 12,4% for rare alleles. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0,49 (CH02c02b) to 0,91 (CH02c02a) and averaged 0,76. Expected and observed heterozygosity levels averaged 0,79 and 0,56, respectively. Cluster analysis did not reveal a clear division of cultivars according to the place of origin (experiment stations of VIR), but revealed clustering according to pedigrees.Conclusion. A high level of polymorphism was observed in 35 apple cultivars from VIR using ten SSR markers. The obtained data on the allelic composition of the studied cultivars can be used for their identification and contribute to more efficient collection  management. Further studying and SSR genotyping of VIR’s apple collection and comparison with the data obtained in the presented work can help to identify the origin of cultivars with unknown pedigrees

Geomatic monitoring of environmental hazards in technogenic-loaded territories

It was noted that the territory of Eastern Ukraine is saturated with potentially dangerous industrial facilities and areas with geodynamic processes that require constant control and monitoring to detect deformations. Geomatic methods and tools were proposed for a comprehensive assessment of deformations, indicators of environmental threats in technogenically loaded territories. The choice of the geomatic monitoring system depends on the type of environment and the direction of research. Visualization of the content of chemical substances, gas concentration, temperature, humidity, precipitation can be carried out through the interfaces of the Giovanni platform. Landsat, Sentinel-2, MODIS space images are processed to classify land cover objects, change their boundaries, monitor vegetation cover, analyze the geological structure, identify the dynamics of water and wetland objects, the scale of floods and inundation; SIR - C/X - SAR radar images are processed to determine the location of urban areas and individual buildings, to emphasize the relief of mountainous areas, to control the pollution of water bodies' surfaces; SRTM digital terrain models are processed to determine terrain characteristics. Observation of the deformation of the Earth's surfaces and construction of displacement maps is performed by the InSAR satellite radar method, which is based on the use of space images from the Sentinel-1 spacecraft. To clarify the identified problem areas, it is necessary to jointly use the ground-based geodetic methods of monitoring the deformations of man-made territories. Processing of the received data is carried out in various geoinformation systems ArcGIS, QGIS, Google Earth, Digital; the land subsidence estimation using Sentinel-1 Data in SNAP, the landslides detection using Sentinel-1. The article states that geomatics monitoring is carried out to neutralize threats, to restore natural resource potential, to ensure geopolitical, ecological, security and military stability. Keywords: deformation of the earth’s surface, geoinformation systems, geomatics, monitoring, satellite radar, technogenic-loaded territories

Пространственная типизация геосистем речных бассейнов водосбора реки Камы в связи с особенностями тектонического строения территории

This study was aimed to reveal relationships between the formation of the structures of river systems and to discover the tectonic structural features of the territory. We analyzed the morphometric parameters of river catchment areas of various orders, which comprise the Kama river basin. A digital terrain model in ESRI ArcGis 10.4 geoinformation system was used. Within the identified river basin geosystems, quantitative morphometric characteristics of the terrain were calculated for comparative analysis. Multidimensional statistical analysis methods were used to group the basins with respect to their sets of geometric and morphometric characteristics. A spatial typification technique was developed to distinguish the basin geosystems by their morphometric indicators. This study pioneered in using the results of cluster analysis for identification of seven groups of basins, which reflect the spatial heterogeneity of the ancient tectonic elements and the geomorphological conditions within the entire territory of the Kama river basin. It is established that the types of the river basin geosystems with characteristic morphometric features are related to various ancient tectonic structures, which suggests a genetic relationship of endogenous processes of river channel fracturing and the diversity of geometric parameters of different river basins.С целью выявления взаимосвязей между формированием структур речных систем и особенностями тектонического строения территории были проанализированы морфометрические параметры водосборов рек различных порядков, образующих Камский речной бассейн. На основе цифровой модели рельефа в программной среде геоинформационной системы ESRI ArcGis 10.4 проведено ранжирование территории бассейна. Определены и рассчитаны количественные морфометрические характеристики рельефа в пределах выделенных геосистем речных бассейнов, и проведен их сравнительный анализ. С использованием многомерных статистических методов анализа проведена группировка бассейнов по совокупности ряда геометрических и морфометрических характеристик. Разработана методика пространственной типизации бассейновых геосистем по морфометрическим показателям. Впервые по результатам кластерного анализа идентифицированы семь групп бассейнов, отражающих пространственную неоднородность древнейших тектонических элементов, а также геоморфологических условий в пределах всей территории бассейна реки Камы. Установлена принадлежность типов геосистем речных бассейнов с характерными морфометрическими признаками к различным древнейшим тектоническим структурам, что свидетельствует в пользу генетической взаимосвязи эндогенных процессов руслового трещинообразования и разнообразия геометрических параметров различных бассейнов

On the parasites of genus Angiostrongylus (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) and some cases of Angiostrongylus daskalovi in badgers from bulgaria

In the course of studies on filariid infections in wild carnivorous in Bulgaria nematodes of genus Angiostrongylus were found in the heart and pulmonary arteries of badgers. The detected specimens were examined morphologically and metrically, which allowed us to identify them as Angiostrongylusdaskalovi . A morphometrical description of the species is given in accordance with the present materials.В ходе исследования филариидных инвазий в Болгарии в сердце и легочных артериях барсуков обнаружены нематоды рода Angiostrongylus . Эти образцы исследовались морфологически и метрически, что позволило, с учетом также географического и гостального распространения, идентифицировать их как Angiostrongylus daskalovi Janchev et Genov 1988. Приводится морфометрическое описание вида по данным текущих исследований

Ribonuclease activity as a new prospective disease resistance marker in potato

Disease resistance is an important characteristic for each variety of potato, and the search for pathogen resistance markers is one of the primary tasks of plant breeding. Higher plants possess a wide spectrum of enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of nucleic acids; it is believed that protection against pathogens is the most probable function of the enzymes. RNases are actively involved in several immune systems of higher plants, for example, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and genetic silencing, hence RNase activity in plant leaves, as a relatively easily measured parameter, can serve as a good marker for the selection of pathogen resistant varieties. We have analyzed sixteen varieties of potatoes permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation and tested the correlation of the level of variety­specifc ribonuclease (RNase) activity with such economically valuable traits as maturity and resistance to viruses, late blight and common scab. In general, the level of RNase activity was variety­specifc, which was confrmed by very small values of average squared error for the majority of tested varieties. We have detected a statistically signifcant positive correlation of RNase activity in potato leaves with increased resistance of varieties to phytopathogenic viruses, a negative correlation with resistance to scab and an absence of a signifcant connection with maturity and resistance to late blight, regardless of the organ affected by the oomycete. Thus, the level of RNase activity in potato leaves can be used as a selective marker for resistance to viruses, while varieties with increased RNase activity should be avoided when selecting resistance to scab

Satellite data for the offshore renewable energy sector: Synergies and innovation opportunities

Can satellite data be used to address challenges currently faced by the Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) sector? What benefit can satellite observations bring to resource assessment and maintenance of ORE farms? Can satellite observations be used to assess the environmental impact of offshore renewables leading towards a more sustainable ORE sector? This review paper faces these questions presenting a holistic view of the current interactions between satellite and ORE sectors, and future needs to make this partnership grow. The aim of the work is to start the conversation between these sectors by establishing a common ground. We present offshore needs and satellite technology limitations, as well as potential opportunities and areas of growth. To better understand this, the reader is guided through the history, current developments, challenges and future of offshore wind, tidal and wave energy technologies. Then, an overview on satellite observations for ocean applications is given, covering types of instruments and how they are used to provide different metocean variables, satellite performance, and data processing and integration. Past, present and future satellite missions are also discussed. Finally, the paper focuses on innovation opportunities and the potential of synergies between the ORE and satellite sectors. Specifically, we pay attention to improvements that satellite observations could bring to standard measurement techniques: assessing uncertainty, wind, tidal and wave conditions forecast, as well as environmental monitoring from space. Satellite–enabled measurement of ocean physical processes and applications for fisheries, mammals and birds, and habitat change, are also discussed in depth

The very forward hadron calorimeter PSD for the future CBM@FAIR experiment

The Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD) of the CBM experiment at the future FAIR facility is a compensating lead-scintillator calorimeter designed to measure the energy distribution of the forward going projectile nucleons and nuclei fragments (reaction spectators) produced close to the beam rapidity. The detector performance for the centrality and reaction plane determination is re- viewed based on Monte-Carlo simulations of gold-gold collisions by means of four different heavy-ion event generators. The PSD energy resolution and the linearity of the response measured at CERN PS for the PSD supermodule consisting of 9 modules are presented. Predictions of the calorimeter radiation conditions at CBM and response measurement of one PSD module equipped with neutron irradiated MPPCs used for the light read out are discussed

Genome polymorphism of the synthetic species xTrititrigia cziczinii Tsvel. inferred from AFLP analysis

×Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvel. is a synthetic species obtained as a result of hybridization of different wheat and wheat- grass species. ×T. cziczinii has unique characteristics, as it is a perennial species, with the ability to grow after mowing, high adaptability, resistance to diseases and pests, high protein and gluten content in the grain. All this makes it a promising new crop for agriculture. The new species is a good object for fundamental research in the field of genetics, phylogeny and evolution of cereals (Poaceae). However, there were practically no genetic studies of ×T. cziczinii. The aim of this work was to study the genetic diversity of 24 representatives of two ×T. cziczinii subspecies (ssp. Submitans and ssp. Perenne). To estimate interspecific differences, 17 samples of other tribe Triticeae species (Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, Agropyron glaucum and Agropyron elon gatum, as well as samples of Triticum-Agropyron and TriticumElymus hybrids) were included in the analysis. For the study, AFLP method (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) was chosen, which allowed us to reveal a sufficiently high polymorphism level of the studied samples. The two primer/enzyme combinations (EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CCC, EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CTA) allow ed the iden tification of 227 fragments, 224 of them were polymorphic (98.68 %), and the level of intraspecific polymorphism of 24 ×T. cziczinii samples was 68.15 %. The iden tified fragments of AFLP spectra, specific for the ×T. cziczinii representatives and the studied wheatgrass species, can be the basis for creating markers that will detect introgressions of genetic material of the genus Agropyron in the T. cziczinii ge nome. Our results indicate a greater genetic relatedness of ×T. cziczinii to T. aestivum than to representatives of the genus Agropyron. According to the cluster analysis, representatives of ×T. cziczinii and varieties of bread wheat were combined into a single subcluster, within which the samples of two species form separate groups. At the same time, the evaluation of the intraspecific genetic diversity of ×T. cziczinii showed  no reliable differentiation of representatives of the subspecies Submitans and Perenne, which is probably due to uncertain genetic nature of perenniality, the main feature that divides these subspecies. The study of the unique ×T. cziczinii collection allowed us to obtain the first data on the genetics of the species, while previous studies were focused mainly on phenotypic and economically valuable traits. AFLP analysis used in this study showed high efficiency when working with less studied species, and its results are promising and useful for understanding the genetic structure of the new species (×T. cziczinii Tsvel.)

CYTOSTATIC ARTEMISININ ACTIVITY

Artemisinin and its derivatives are among the most important and effective antimalarial drugs. In addition to their antimalarial effect, artemisinins also have selective antitumor properties, demonstrating cytotoxic effects against various types of tumors both in vitro and in vivo.Артемизинин и его производные являются одними из самых важных и эффективных противомалярийных препаратов. Помимо их противомалярийного эффекта, артемизинины также обладают селективными противоопухолевыми свойствами, демонстрирующие цитотоксические эффекты в отношении различных типов опухолей как in vitro, так и in vivo