418 research outputs found
Thin films flowing down inverted substrates: Three dimensional flow
We study contact line induced instabilities for a thin film of fluid under
destabilizing gravitational force in three dimensional setting. In the previous
work (Phys. Fluids, {\bf 22}, 052105 (2010)), we considered two dimensional
flow, finding formation of surface waves whose properties within the
implemented long wave model depend on a single parameter,
, where is the capillary number and is
the inclination angle. In the present work we consider fully 3D setting and
discuss the influence of the additional dimension on stability properties of
the flow. In particular, we concentrate on the coupling between the surface
instability and the transverse (fingering) instabilities of the film front. We
furthermore consider these instabilities in the setting where fluid viscosity
varies in the transverse direction. It is found that the flow pattern strongly
depends on the inclination angle and the viscosity gradient
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA AND CONSTIPATION PREDOMINANT IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: CLINICAL FEATURES AND EFFICACY OF LACTULOSE AND ITOPRIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
Background: The frequent coexistence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with functional dyspepsia (FD) and an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been described in the literature. Aim: To study the specific features of GERD clinical course and diagnosis in patients with GERD in combination with FD and constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C) in comparison to patients with isolated GERD; to assess the efficacy of lactulose and itopride hydrochloride. Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients with GERD, FD (Rome criteria III), and IBS-C (Rome criteria III) and 29 patients with isolated GERD were examined. GERD diagnosis was based on clinical, endoscopic, and pH-metric criteria. For 4 weeks 10 patients with combination of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), FD and IBS-C received lactulose monotherapy and other 10 patients received combination of lactulose with itopride hydrochloride. Clinical symptoms and pH-metric parameters were assessed before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results: Combination of GERD, FD and IBS-C was noted more frequently in women under 40 with normal body mass index (р<0.05). Classic GERD symptoms were absent in 43.4% of patients with gastrointestinal comorbidity and in 10.3% of patients with isolated GERD (р=0.004). A higher prevalence of belching and nausea was found in patients, suffering from GERD, FD and IBS-C, than in those with isolated GERD (р<0.05). After 4-week lactulose and itopride hydrochloride treatment all the patients with GERD, FD and IBS-C showed a reduction of clinical symptoms (p<0.05) and normalization of pH-metric parameters (р<0.001). Conclusion: GERD course in patients with concomitant FD and IBS-C has the following peculiarities: predominance of women, absence of classic GERD-symptoms in almost half of these patients, and frequent combination with other functional symptoms. Combination therapy with lactulose and itopride hydrochloride enables successful control of GERD and FD symptoms as well as esophageal pH normalization
Three-dimensional localized coherent structures of surface turbulence. III Experiment and model validation
The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the 3D nonlinear
localized coherent structures on the surface of vertically falling liquid
films. The work is primarily focussed on experimental investigations. We study:
(i) instabilities and transitions leading to 3D coherent structures; (ii)
characteristics of these structures. Some nonstationary effects are also
studied numerically. Our experimental results, as well as the results of other
investigators, are in a good agreement with our theoretical and numerical
predictions.Comment: 42 pages, 15 figure
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ ФЕДЕРОЛЬНОГО ЗНАЧЕНИЯ
This article is supposed to make a professional analysis and assess the reliability of the historical buildings in Ryazan - an object of cultural heritage of federal importance “House of Saltykov-Shchedrin (Morozov) - 18th century”. On the basis of visual inspection and a large number of field studies using methods of ground-based laser scanning, photogrammetric method and other measuring instruments, areas of destruction and loss of the building were identified. According to the results of the analysis of archival documents and the processing of field work, a complex of architectural and archaeological measurement drawings was drawn up, on the basis of which further house restoration will be carried out without any damage to historical material. The article on a specific example provides brief archival information about the historical significance of the building, describes the methods and methods of the survey.Se supone que este artículo hace un análisis profesional y evalúa la confiabilidad de los edificios históricos en Ryazan, un objeto del patrimonio cultural de importancia federal "Casa de Saltykov-Shchedrin (Morozov) - Siglo XVIII". Sobre la base de la inspección visual y un gran número de estudios de campo que utilizan métodos de escaneo láser en tierra, el método fotogramétrico y otros instrumentos de medición, se identificaron áreas de destrucción y pérdida del edificio. De acuerdo con los resultados del análisis de documentos de archivo y el procesamiento del trabajo de campo, se diseñó un complejo de planos de mediciones arquitectónicas y arqueológicas, sobre la base de la cual se llevará a cabo una restauración adicional de la casa sin dañar el material histórico. El artículo sobre un ejemplo específico proporciona información breve de archivo sobre el significado histórico del edificio, describe los métodos y los métodos de la encuesta.В данной статье предполагается сделать профессиональный анализ и оценить надежность здания исторической застройки г. Рязани – объект культурного наследия федерального значения «Дом Салтыкова-Щедрина (Морозова)-XVIII в.». На основе визуального обследования и большого количества натурных исследований методами наземного лазерного сканирования, фотограмметрическим методом и другими измерительными приборами было выявлены участки разрушений и утраты здания. По результатам анализа архивных документов и обработки полевых работ стал комплекс архитектурно-археологических обмерных чертежей, на основе которого будет дальнейшая реставрация дома без какого-либо ущерба историческому материалу. В статье на конкретном примере приводятся краткие архивные сведения об исторической значимости здания, описаны методы и способы обследования
The Modified Weighted Slab Technique: Models and Results
In an attempt to understand the source and propagation of galactic cosmic
rays we have employed the Modified Weighted Slab technique along with recent
values of the relevant cross sections to compute primary to secondary ratios
including B/C and Sub-Fe/Fe for different galactic propagation models. The
models that we have considered are the disk-halo diffusion model, the dynamical
halo wind model, the turbulent diffusion model and a model with minimal
reacceleration. The modified weighted slab technique will be briefly discussed
and a more detailed description of the models will be given. We will also
discuss the impact that the various models have on the problem of anisotropy at
high energy and discuss what properties of a particular model bear on this
issue.Comment: LaTeX - AASTEX format, Submitted to ApJ, 8 figures, 20 page
Evolution of the cosmic ray anisotropy above 10^{14} eV
The amplitude and phase of the cosmic ray anisotropy are well established
experimentally between 10^{11} eV and 10^{14} eV. The study of their evolution
into the energy region 10^{14}-10^{16} eV can provide a significant tool for
the understanding of the steepening ("knee") of the primary spectrum. In this
letter we extend the EAS-TOP measurement performed at E_0 around 10^{14} eV, to
higher energies by using the full data set (8 years of data taking). Results
derived at about 10^{14} and 4x10^{14} eV are compared and discussed. Hints of
increasing amplitude and change of phase above 10^{14} eV are reported. The
significance of the observation for the understanding of cosmic ray propagation
is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication on ApJ Letter
The East-West method: an exposure-independent method to search for large scale anisotropies of cosmic rays
The measurement of large scale anisotropies in cosmic ray arrival directions
at energies above 10^13 eV is performed through the detection of Extensive Air
Showers produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The observed
anisotropies are small, so accurate measurements require small statistical
uncertainties, i.e. large datasets. These can be obtained by employing ground
detector arrays with large extensions (from 10^4 to 10^9 m^2) and long
operation time (up to 20 years). The control of such arrays is challenging and
spurious variations in the counting rate due to instrumental effects (e.g. data
taking interruptions or changes in the acceptance) and atmospheric effects
(e.g. air temperature and pressure effects on EAS development) are usually
present. These modulations must be corrected very precisely before performing
standard anisotropy analyses, i.e. harmonic analysis of the counting rate
versus local sidereal time. In this paper we discuss an alternative method to
measure large scale anisotropies, the "East-West method", originally proposed
by Nagashima in 1989. It is a differential method, as it is based on the
analysis of the difference of the counting rates in the East and West
directions. Besides explaining the principle, we present here its mathematical
derivation, showing that the method is largely independent of experimental
effects, that is, it does not require corrections for acceptance and/or for
atmospheric effects. We explain the use of the method to derive the amplitude
and phase of the anisotropy and we demonstrate its power under different
conditions of detector operation
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