Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis in a case of lid and conjunctival amyloidosis

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe, progressive, rapidly spreading infection of the subcutaneous soft tissue and underlying fascia. Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis is rare owing to the excellent blood supply of the area. Ocular amyloidosis is relatively uncommon- that of the eyelid is typically associated with systemic associations whereas amyloidosis of the conjunctiva is often localised with no other associations. Authors report a case of a 40-year-old female with a 4-year history of eyelid and conjunctival amyloidosis who presented with necrotic ulcers and eschars in the upper and lower lid with purulent discharge, conjunctival mass and a dry looking cornea in the left eye. She was a known case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on treatment in the last 2 years. The presentation, investigations and management are described.

Gold Market Analyzer using Selection based Algorithm

Gold is the most important and valuable element right from its discovery. It is the most significant element at present and also the most valuable asset to. In the present market scenario the investors use gold as the security for their shares investment. During International trade all the countries use gold as their main mode of transaction. It is seen that all the currencies accepted by the International market are having the gold as the backup for their economy. The prices of gold are rising day by day continuously. As we see in the history of gold market the present prices of gold are much high as compare to the past values and that's why the gold market has attracted the most attention. The paper focus on the continuous changing in the gold rates, investment policies depend on the forecasting of trends in gold which will help the data mining companies to minimize the risk The description of the future situation on the basis of present trends is just not limited to the forecasting the prices. The knowledge discovers by the data mining techniques is gathered from the different gold related websites and also from the jewellers database. It is much more important for the ornaments making companies to know the demand and the requirements for the ornaments during the unstable (uncertain) market conditions. For the classification purpose the maid and sale database was gathered from the nearest jewellery shops of the past 5 years. The prediction is done after complete analysis of the gathered data set. With this the paper concentrate on making the information available about the government and private schemes related to gold market on one place. The paper proposes the system that gives the total access to the registered user and limited access to the unregistered user to get the required information of gold. The latest updates are provided to the registered user by sending mail or text message when the user was offline

Study of feto-maternal outcome in patients with intra uterine fetal death

Background: Intra Uterine Fetal Death (IUFD) is an important issue in modern obstetrics. This study has been undertaken to find out the incidence of IUFD, socio-demographic factors, probable etiological factors, mode of delivery, its outcome and complications if any.Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected from case papers of patients who have delivered beyond 20 weeks and/or baby weighing more than 500 grams and having IUFD prior to onset of labor or during labor with singleton pregnancy.Results: Incidence of IUFD was 17.2 per 1000 births. Majority of the patients 93 (48.1%) were in age group of 26-30 years, 115 (59.5%) came as an emergency and 94 (48.7%) were primi gravida. Majority 89 (46.1%) patients had not taken any antenatal visit. IUFD occurred due to unexplained etiology, pre-eclampsia-eclampsia, anemia, uncontrolled diabetes, jaundice, antepartum haemorrhage and congenital malformation in 77 (39.9%), 51 (26.4%), 10 (5.1%), 7 (3.6%), 4 (2%), 29 (15%) and 2 (1%) respectively. Vaginal delivery occurred in 151 (78.2%). Majority of dead babies 111 (57.5%) were male, 71 (36.7%) were weighing 1kg or less and 92 (47.6%) were macerated. Emotional upset, DIC, PPH and ARF occurred in 193 (100%), 21 (10.8%), 15 (7.7%) and 1 (0.5%) respectively.Conclusions: Majority of patients were unregistered and had not taken antenatal care or had inadequate antenatal care. Pre-eclampsia-eclampsia, APH, anemia and diabetes were the leading cause of IUFD along with unknown causes. A significant proportion of IUFD can be prevented by health education regarding adequate antenatal care, warning signs and institutional deliveries

Roll of Smoking in the Default of Tuberculosis Treatment in Rajkot District

Background: Smoking is the major cause of Mycobacterial infection, default and relapse of the infection. Aims and Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the effect of smoking in the default patients of tuberculosis treatment. Material and Method: 150 cases (TB treatment Defaulter) and 150 controls (Who have completed whole course of treatment) from the Rajkot district of Gujarat were enrolled and interviewed. Smokers were identified by pre-structured interview and self-report. Risk of treatment default was calculated in smokers. Results: In smokers risk of treatment default was 265% higher (OR = 2.65) in comparison the non-smoker. Risk of treatment default was quite higher in female smokers in comparison the male smokers. Conclusion: Smoking should be prevented to improve the tuberculosis treatment adherence

Distribution and diversity of Polyporaceae in Western India: An overview and addition to mycoflora of the Gujarat state

Extensive fieldwork in different climatic regimes of Gujarat state during last four years resulted in the collection of more than 349 fungal species. Out of these, 37 species from 20 genera were found to be from the family Polyporaceae. Among these, five species are being reported for the first time here as new distribution records. The highest number of species is represented by the genus Trametes while, Cerrena unicolo, Neolentinus kauffmanii, Dichomitus squalens, Panus conchatus and Laetiporus sulphureus possessed single species each

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic Approach for the Characterization of Soil Aggregate Size Distribution

Assessment of soil structure and soil aggregation remains a challenging task. Routine methods such as dry- and wet-sieving approaches are generally time consuming and tedious, which calls for a robust, fast, and nondestructive method of soil aggregate characterization. Over the last two decades, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has emerged as a rapid and noninvasive technique for soil characterization. Combined with chemometric and data-mining algorithms, it provides an effective way of measuring several soil attributes and has the added advantage of being amenable to a remote sensing mode of operation. The objective of this study was to determine if the DRS approach could be used as a rapid, noninvasive technique to estimate soil aggregate characteristics. The DRS approach was examined for the estimation of soil aggregate characteristics such as the geometric mean diameter and two statistical parameters of the lognormal aggregate size distribution (ASD) functions using 910 soil samples from India representing three important soil groups. Results showed that the geometric mean diameter and the median aggregate size parameter provided excellent predictions, with ratio of performance deviation (RPD) values ranging from 1.99 to 2.28. The RPD value for the standard deviation of the ASD ranged from 1.36 to 1.72, suggesting moderate prediction. It was further observed that soil aggregates influence the incident electromagnetic radiation on soils primarily in the visible region and to some extent the shortwave- and near-infrared regions. Electronic transitions of Fe-bearing minerals, clay minerals, and C–H functional groups of organic matter may be responsible for modifying the spectral reflectance from soils in addition to the self-shadowing effects of surface roughness. The results of this study suggest that the chemometric approach may be combined with DRS to estimate soil aggregate size characteristics

Synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of novel N-(1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-2-(pyridine-3-ylformohydrazido) acetamide derivatives

1721-1737A series of N-(1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-2(pyridine-3-ylformohydrazido acetamide derivatives have been synthesized by facile and efficient conventional method. The structures of the compounds have been elucidated with the aid of elemental analysis, IR, ESI-MS, and 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. Molecular docking revealed that synthesized derivatives and target proteins are actively involved in the binding pattern and had a significant correlation with biological activity. Molecular dynamics studies have also been performed and ADME parameters for the synthesized compounds determined. Biological evaluation of all synthesized compounds have been carried out in vitro for their antibacterial, antituberculosis and antifungal efficacy against various bacterial and fungal strains and H37Rv. The different studies indicate that newly synthesized compounds possess moderate to good biological activities

Rethinking the study of human-wildlife coexistence

While coexistence with wildlife is a key goal of conservation efforts, little is known about it or how to study it. This essay briefly defines what we mean by coexistence, before considering issues arising from the conflict-oriented framing of human-wildlife interactions within conservation science. It proposes reasons for why conflict frameworks persist – and why much less work is done on coexistence. Methodological and fieldwork challenges for studying coexistence are outlined, with recommendations, based on the authors’ teaching experience and field experience in India and Africa. We recommend expanding the scope of our inquiries into the ways in which humans and wildlife already coexist beyond studies of rational behaviour, and the quantification of costs and benefits of wildlife to humans

Modelling of the effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W divertor of JET

Effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W target of JET ITER-Like Wall was studied with multi-scale calculations. Plasma input parameters were taken from ELMy H-mode plasma experiment. The energetic intra-ELM fuel particles get implanted and create near-surface defects up to depths of few tens of nm, which act as the main fuel trapping sites during ELMs. Clustering of implantation-induced vacancies were found to take place. The incoming flux of inter-ELM plasma particles increases the different filling levels of trapped fuel in defects. The temperature increase of the W target during the pulse increases the fuel detrapping rate. The inter-ELM fuel particle flux refills the partially emptied trapping sites and fills new sites. This leads to a competing effect on the retention and release rates of the implanted particles. At high temperatures the main retention appeared in larger vacancy clusters due to increased clustering rate

Modelling of tungsten erosion and deposition in the divertor of JET-ILW in comparison to experimental findings

The erosion, transport and deposition of tungsten in the outer divertor of JET-ILW has been studied for an HMode discharge with low frequency ELMs. For this specific case with an inter-ELM electron temperature at the strike point of about 20 eV, tungsten sputtering between ELMs is almost exclusively due to beryllium impurity and self-sputtering. However, during ELMs tungsten sputtering due to deuterium becomes important and even dominates. The amount of simulated local deposition of tungsten relative to the amount of sputtered tungsten in between ELMs is very high and reaches values of 99% for an electron density of 5E13 cm$^{-3}$ at the strike point and electron temperatures between 10 and 30 eV. Smaller deposition values are simulated with reduced electron density. The direction of the B-field significantly influences the local deposition and leads to a reduction if the E×B drift directs towards the scrape-off-layer. Also, the thermal force can reduce the tungsten deposition, however, an ion temperature gradient of about 0.1 eV/mm or larger is needed for a significant effect. The tungsten deposition simulated during ELMs reaches values of about 98% assuming ELM parameters according to free-streaming model. The measured WI emission profiles in between and within ELMs have been reproduced by the simulation. The contribution to the overall net tungsten erosion during ELMs is about 5 times larger than the one in between ELMs for the studied case. However, this is due to the rather low electron temperature in between ELMs, which leads to deuterium impact energies below the sputtering threshold for tungsten