Analytical theory for dark soliton interaction in nonlocal nonlinear materials with arbitrary degree of nonlocality

We investigate theoretically the interaction of dark solitons in materials with a spatially nonlocal nonlinearity. In particular we do this analytically and for arbitrary degree of nonlocality. We employ the variational technique to show that nonlocality induces an attractive force in the otherwise repulsive soliton interaction.Comment: submitted for publicatio

SS Ari: a shallow-contact close binary system

Two CCD epochs of light minimum and a complete R light curve of SS Ari are presented. The light curve obtained in 2007 was analyzed with the 2003 version of the W-D code. It is shown that SS Ari is a shallow contact binary system with a mass ratio $q=3.25$ and a degree of contact factor f=9.4(\pm0.8%). A period investigation based on all available data shows that there may exist two distinct solutions about the assumed third body. One, assuming eccentric orbit of the third body and constant orbital period of the eclipsing pair results in a massive third body with $M_3=1.73M_{\odot}$ and P_3=87.0$yr. On the contrary, assuming continuous period changes of the eclipsing pair the orbital period of tertiary is 37.75yr and its mass is about$0.278M_{\odot}$. Both of the cases suggest the presence of an unseen third component in the system.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures and 5 table

Emergence of limit-periodic order in tiling models

A 2D lattice model defined on a triangular lattice with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions based on the Taylor-Socolar monotile is known to have a limit-periodic ground state. The system reaches that state during a slow quench through an infinite sequence of phase transitions. We study the model as a function of the strength of the next-nearest-neighbor interactions, and introduce closely related 3D models with only nearest-neighbor interactions that exhibit limit-periodic phases. For models with no next-nearest-neighbor interactions of the Taylor-Socolar type, there is a large degenerate classes of ground states, including crystalline patterns and limit-periodic ones, but a slow quench still yields the limit-periodic state. For the Taylor-Socolar lattice model, we present calculations of the diffraction pattern for a particular decoration of the tile that permits exact expressions for the amplitudes, and identify domain walls that slow the relaxation times in the ordered phases. For one of the 3D models, we show that the phase transitions are first order, with equilibrium structures that can be more complex than in the 2D case, and we include a proof of aperiodicity for a geometrically simple tile with only nearest-neighbor matching rules.Comment: 25 pages, 28 figures; To appear in Physical Review

The triangular Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor couplings in a field

We study the Ising model on the triangular lattice with nearest-neighbor couplings $K_{\rm nn}$, next-nearest-neighbor couplings $K_{\rm nnn}>0$, and a magnetic field $H$. This work is done by means of finite-size scaling of numerical results of transfer matrix calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations. We determine the phase diagram and confirm the character of the critical manifolds. The emphasis of this work is on the antiferromagnetic case $K_{\rm nn}<0$, but we also explore the ferromagnetic regime $K_{\rm nn}\ge 0$ for H=0. For $K_{\rm nn}<0$ and H=0 we locate a critical phase presumably covering the whole range $-\infty < K_{\rm nn}<0$. For $K_{\rm nn}<0$, $H\neq 0$ we locate a plane of phase transitions containing a line of tricritical three-state Potts transitions. In the limit $H \to \infty$ this line leads to a tricritical model of hard hexagons with an attractive next-nearest-neighbor potential

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF "SPLASH CONTROL IN COMPETITIVE DIVING

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the hand pattern and the water splash height during a diver's entry using a computer simulation method. A physical and mathematical model of the impact of a wedged solid object with an ideal fluid was developed. The motion equation (interaction function of solid and fluid) of the solid was established with satisfaction of control functions and initial boundary conditions of the fluid. A finite element method was used to simulate the impact process, with the wedge angle changed from 4" to 80- during the impact. The results suggested that the fluid splash height is inversely proportional to the wedge angle. The "splash control" technique derived from the simulation was also applied in training professional divers and positive results were obtained

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

The presentation of different stimuli to the two eyes, dichoptic presentation, is essential for studies involving 3D vision and interocular suppression. There is a growing literature on the unique experimental value of pupillary and oculomotor measures, especially for research on interocular suppression. Although obtaining eye-tracking measures would thus benefit studies that use dichoptic presentation, the hardware essential for dichoptic presentation (e.g. mirrors) often interferes with high-quality eye tracking, especially when using a video-based eye tracker. We recently described an experimental setup that combines a standard dichoptic presentation system with an infrared eye tracker by using infrared-transparent mirrors1. The setup is compatible with standard monitors and eye trackers, easy to implement, and affordable (on the order of US$1,000). Relative to existing methods it has the benefits of not requiring special equipment and posing few limits on the nature and quality of the visual stimulus. Here we provide a visual guide to the construction and use of our setup

Thermodynamical quantities of lattice full QCD from an efficient method

I extend to QCD an efficient method for lattice gauge theory with dynamical fermions. Once the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator and the density of states of pure gluonic configurations at a set of plaquette energies (proportional to the gauge action) are computed, thermodynamical quantities deriving from the partition function can be obtained for arbitrary flavor number, quark masses and wide range of coupling constants, without additional computational cost. Results for the chiral condensate and gauge action are presented on the $10^4$ lattice at flavor number $N_f=0$, 1, 2, 3, 4 and many quark masses and coupling constants. New results in the chiral limit for the gauge action and its correlation with the chiral condensate, which are useful for analyzing the QCD chiral phase structure, are also provided.Comment: Latex, 11 figures, version accepted for publicatio

The most plausible explanation of the cyclical period changes in close binaries: the case of the RS CVn-type binary WW Dra

We searched the orbital period changes in 182 EA-type (including the 101 Algol systems used by \cite{hal89}), 43 EB-type and 53 EW-type binaries with known both the mass ratio and the spectral type of their secondary components. We reproduced and improved the same diagram as Hall's (1989) according to the new collected data. Our plots do not support the conclusion derived by \cite{hal89} that all cases of cyclical period changes are restricted to binaries having the secondary component with spectral types later than F5. The presence of period changes also among stars with secondary component of early type indicates that the magnetic activity is one cause, but not the only one, for the period variation. It is discovered that cyclic period changes, likely due to the presence of a third body are more frequent in EW-type binaries among close binaries. Therefore, the most plausible explanation of the cyclical period changes is the LTTE via the presence of a third body. By using the century-long historical record of the times of light minimum, we analyzed the cyclical period change in the Algol binary WW Dra. It is found that the orbital period of the binary shows a $\sim112.2 \textbf{\textrm{yr}}$ cyclic variation with an amplitude of $\sim0.1977\textbf{\textrm{days}}$. The cyclic oscillation can be attributed to the LTTE via a third body with a mass no less than $6.43 M_{\odot}$. However, no spectral lines of the third body were discovered indicating that it may be a candidate black hole. The third body is orbiting the binary at a distance shorter than 14.4 AU and it may play an important role in the evolution of this system.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, published by MNRA

Diverse Supernova Sources for the r-Process

(Abridged) It is shown that a semi-quantitative agreement with the gross solar r-process abundance pattern near and above mass number A=130 can be obtained by a superposition of two distinctive kinds of supernova r-process events. These correspond to a low frequency case L and a high frequency case H, which takes into account the low abundance of I129 and the high abundance of Hf182 in the early solar nebula. The lifetime of Hf182 associates the events in case H with the most common Type II supernovae. These events would be mainly responsible for the r-process nuclei near and above A=195. They would also make a significant amount of the nuclei between A=130 and 195, including Hf182, but very little I129. In order to match the solar r-process abundance pattern and to satisfy the I129 and Hf182 constraints, the events in case L, which would make the r-process nuclei near A=130 and the bulk of those between A=130 and 195, must occur 10 times less frequently but eject 10--20 times more r-process material in each event. We speculate that the usual neutron star remnants, and hence prolonged ejection of r-process material, are associated with the events in case L, whereas the more frequently occurring events in case H have ejection of other r-process material terminated by black hole formation during the neutrino cooling phase of the protoneutron star.Comment: 23 pages, AAS LATEX, 8 Postscript figure