205 research outputs found
Comments on worldsheet theories dual to free large N gauge theories
We continue to investigate properties of the worldsheet conformal field
theories (CFTs) which are conjectured to be dual to free large N gauge
theories, using the mapping of Feynman diagrams to the worldsheet suggested in
hep-th/0504229. The modular invariance of these CFTs is shown to be built into
the formalism. We show that correlation functions in these CFTs which are
localized on subspaces of the moduli space may be interpreted as delta-function
distributions, and that this can be consistent with a local worldsheet
description given some constraints on the operator product expansion
coefficients. We illustrate these features by a detailed analysis of a specific
four-point function diagram. To reliably compute this correlator we use a novel
perturbation scheme which involves an expansion in the large dimension of some
operators.Comment: 43 pages, 16 figures, JHEP format. v2: added reference
Updated observing scenarios and multi-messenger implications for the International Gravitational-wave Network's O4 and O5
Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run brought another binary neutron
star merger (BNS) and the first neutron-star black-hole (NSBH) mergers. While
no confirmed kilonovae (KNe) was identified in conjunction with any of these
events, continued improvements of analyses surrounding GW170817 allow us to
project constraints on the Hubble Constant (), the Galactic enrichment
from -process nucleosynthesis, and ultra-dense matter possible from
forthcoming events. Here, we describe the expected constraints based on the
latest expected event rates from the international gravitational-wave network
(IGWN) and analyses of GW170817. We show the expected detection rate of
gravitational waves and their counterparts, as well as how sensitive potential
constraints are to the observed numbers of counterparts. We intend this
analysis as support for the community when creating scientifically-driven
electromagnetic follow-up proposals. During the next observing run O4, we
predict an annual detection rate of electromagnetic counterparts from BNS of
() for the Zwicky Transient
Facility (Rubin Observatory)
meson photoproduction on proton
The cross section is estimated for the invariant mass
distribution in the reaction in the GeV region. This reaction is
assumed to proceed through the formation of the meson in the
intermediate state, since the production cross section for this meson in the
reaction in GeV region is significant and it has large branching
ratio (88.8%) in the channel. The cross sections for this
reaction have been calculated using the energy dependent reaction amplitude,
i.e., , extracted from the latest meson
photoproduction data. We use established procedure to calculate other factors,
like width and propagator of the meson, so that our calculation can
provide reliable cross section. The calculated results reproduce the measured
invariant mass distribution spectra in the
reaction.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 in Both Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification during Skeletal Regeneration
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is important during bone development and repair. Because matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13, collagenase-3) plays a role in long bone development, we have examined its role during adult skeletal repair. In this study we find that MMP13 is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the fracture callus. We demonstrate that MMP13 is required for proper resorption of hypertrophic cartilage and for normal bone remodeling during non-stabilized fracture healing, which occurs via endochondral ossification. However, no difference in callus strength was detected in the absence of MMP13. Transplant of wild-type bone marrow, which reconstitutes cells only of the hematopoietic lineage, did not rescue the endochondral repair defect, indicating that impaired healing in Mmp13−/− mice is intrinsic to cartilage and bone. Mmp13−/− mice also exhibited altered bone remodeling during healing of stabilized fractures and cortical defects via intramembranous ossification. This indicates that the bone phenotype occurs independently from the cartilage phenotype. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MMP13 is involved in normal remodeling of bone and cartilage during adult skeletal repair, and that MMP13 may act directly in the initial stages of ECM degradation in these tissues prior to invasion of blood vessels and osteoclasts
Women convicted for violent offenses: Adverse childhood experiences, low level of education and poor mental health
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In past years, the female offender population has grown, leading to an increased interest in the characteristics of female offenders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of female violent offending in a Swiss offender population and to compare possible socio-demographic and offense-related gender differences.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Descriptive and bivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for a representative sample of N = 203 violent offenders convicted in Zurich, Switzerland.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>7.9% (N = 16) of the sample were female. Significant gender differences were found: Female offenders were more likely to be married, less educated, to have suffered from adverse childhood experiences and to be in poor mental health. Female violent offending was less heterogeneous than male violent offending, in fact there were only three types of violent offenses females were convicted for in our sample: One third were convicted of murder, one third for arson and only one woman was convicted of a sex offense.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results of our study point toward a gender-specific theory of female offending, as well as toward the importance of developing models for explaining female criminal behavior, which need to be implemented in treatment plans and intervention strategies regarding female offenders.</p
Psychopathic traits and offender characteristics – a nationwide consecutive sample of homicidal male adolescents
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of the study was to evaluate psychopathy-like personality traits in a nationwide consecutive sample of adolescent male homicide offenders and to compare the findings with those of a randomly sampled adult male homicide offender group. A further aim was to investigate associations between psychopathic traits and offender and offence characteristics in adolescent homicides.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forensic psychiatric examination reports and crime reports of all 15 to19- year- old male Finnish offenders who had been subjected to a forensic psychiatric examination and convicted for a homicide during 1995–2004 were collected (n = 57). A random sample of 57 adult male homicide offenders was selected as a comparison group. Offence and offender characteristics were collected from the files and a file-based assessment of psychopathic traits was performed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) by trained raters.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No significant differences existed between the adolescents and adults in PCL-R total scores, factor 2 (social deviance) scores, or in facets 3 (lifestyle) and 4 (antisocial). Adults scored significantly higher on factor 1 (interpersonal/affective) and facets 1 (interpersonal) and 2 (affective). The adolescent group was divided into two subgroups according to PCL-R total scores. One in five homicidal male adolescents met criteria for psychopathic personality using a PCL-R total score of 26 or higher. These boys significantly more often had a crime history before the index homicide, more frequently used excessive violence during the index homicide, more rarely lived with both parents until 16 years of age, had more institutional or foster home placements in childhood, had more school difficulties, more often had received special education, and, more often had contact with mental health services prior to age 18 years than boys scoring low on the PCL-R. They also more often had parental criminal history as well as homicide history of parents or near relatives than the group scoring low on the PCL-R.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Homicidal boys behaved as antisocially as the homicidal adults. The adults, however, showed more both affective and interpersonal features of psychopathy. Homicidal adolescents with psychopathy-like personality character form a special subgroup among other homicidal youngsters. Recognizing their characteristics, especially in life course development, would facilitate effective prevention and intervention efforts.</p
Filicide in Austria and Finland - A register-based study on all filicide cases in Austria and Finland 1995-2005
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Filicide is the tragic crime of murdering one's own child. Previous research has found that the offending parents are commonly depressed and that suicide is often associated as an actual act or an intention. Yet, filicide is an underreported crime and previous studies have been strained with methodological problems. No comprehensive international studies on filicide have been presented in the literature until now.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a descriptive, comprehensive, register-based study of all filicides in Austria and Finland during 1995-2005. Filicide-suicide cases were also included.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most of the perpetrators were the biological mothers; in Austria 72%, in Finland 52%. Suicide followed filicide either as an attempt or a fulfilled act in 32% and 54% of the cases in Austria and Finland, respectively. Psychotic mood disorders were diagnosed for 10% of the living perpetrators in Austria, and 12% in Finland. Non-psychotic depression was diagnosed in 9% of surviving perpetrators in Austria, 35% in Finland.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The data from the two countries demonstrated that filicide is such a multifaceted and rare phenomenon that national data from individual countries seldom offer sufficient scope for its thorough study. Further analyses are needed to produce a complete picture of filicide.</p
Melt propagation and volcanism in mantle convection simulations, with applications for Martian volcanic and atmospheric evolution
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Functionalization Strategies
Surface functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are a kind of novel functional materials, which have been widely used in the biotechnology and catalysis. This review focuses on the recent development and various strategies in preparation, structure, and magnetic properties of naked and surface functionalized iron oxide NPs and their corresponding application briefly. In order to implement the practical application, the particles must have combined properties of high magnetic saturation, stability, biocompatibility, and interactive functions at the surface. Moreover, the surface of iron oxide NPs could be modified by organic materials or inorganic materials, such as polymers, biomolecules, silica, metals, etc. The problems and major challenges, along with the directions for the synthesis and surface functionalization of iron oxide NPs, are considered. Finally, some future trends and prospective in these research areas are also discussed
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