PERBANDINGAN KEDALAMAN DAN MATERIAL PERANGKAP POST LARVA LOBSTER DI TELUK AWANG, LOMBOK

The rearing activities of lobster post-larvae still depend on seeds from nature, while the post-larvae caught are few and the size is not uniform. Therefore, effective and efficient fishing gear is needed. Regarding the effectiveness of fishing gear, it is influenced by various factors including the depth of operation and the forming material to obtain an effective and efficient trap, it was tested based on the constituent materials, namely cement sacks and shrimp feed sacks. At the depth of operation with a depth of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 m. This study aims to compare the effective trap materials for catching lobster post larvae and identify the appropriate depth of trap placement with the lobster post-larva swimming layer. The results showed that the comparison of the depth of the trap at a depth of 14 m gave the highest catch of 47 fish and the lowest at a depth of 2 and 4 m with a catch of 3 fish, while in the comparison of forming materials the highest catch was in the sack material, which was 191 individuals, while in the feed sack shrimp is 188 individuals. Based on the results of the study showed a depth of 14 m and cement sack material gave the highest catch.Kegiatan pembesaran post larva lobster masih bergantung pada benih dari alam, sedangkan post larva yang tertangkap sedikit dan ukurannya tidak seragam. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan alat tangkap yang efektif dan efisien. Keefektifan alat tangkap dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor diantaranya kedalaman pengoperasianya dan bahan pembentuk. Bahan pembentuk yang digunakan yaitu kantong semen dan kantong pakan udang. Pada kedalaman pengoperasianya dengan kedalaman 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, dan 14 m. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan bahan perangkap yang efektif untuk menangkap post larva lobster dan mengidentifikasi kedalaman peletakan perangkap yang sesuai dengan swimming layer post larva lobster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perbandingan kedalaman perangkap pada kedalaman 14 m memberikan hasil tangkapan tertinggi yaitu 47 ekor dan terendah pada kedalaman 2 dan 4 m dengan hasil tangkapan 3 ekor, sedangkan pada perbandingan bahan pembentuk hasil tanggkapan tertinggi pada bahan kantong semen yaitu 191 ekor, sedangkan pada kantong pakan udang yaitu 188 ekor. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedalaman 14 m dan bahan kantong semen memberikan hasil tangkapan tertinggi

Modifying catalytically the soot morphology and nanostructure in diesel exhaust: Influence of silver De-NOx catalyst (Ag/Al2O3)

The influence of an Ag/Al2O3 HC-SCR catalyst on the morphological and nanostructural aspects of the exhaust particulate matter (PM) generated during the combustion of diesel fuel and a glycol ether–diesel fuel blend was addressed in this research work. In addition, the impact of in-cylinder fuel post injections (FPI) on the particulate formation pathway and on the catalytic de-NOx efficiency was also studied. The tests were carried at low exhaust temperatures in the absence and presence of small amounts of hydrogen (H2). It is concluded that in the absence of H2, the catalyst does not modify the primary particle size (dp0) of the soot aggregates, while the aggregation of the soot particles throughout the catalyst channels is the main governing mechanism. The catalyst influence on the particulate structure was evident when H2 was introduced, with smaller dp0 seen downstream of the catalyst, indicating that despite the short residence time of the PM within the catalyst bed, the soot particles were partially oxidised. The use of late FPI reduces the exhaust PM level and delivers sufficient HC:NOx ratios that improves the catalyst activity up to a maximum of 80% NOx conversion, with no sign of catalyst deactivation when H2 (500 ppm) was injected. Furthermore, it is suggested that along with oxidising part of the particles produced during the main fuel injection phase, late FPI can also produce, to a lesser extent, some additional soot with a less matured structure, resulting on average in less ordered particles being emitted into the exhaust stream. This work shows that in modern diesel engines, a silver catalyst can alter the soot structure in the exhaust in a way that can ease the diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration cycles, improve its filtration efficiency and help in effectively reducing the tailpipe NOx emissions. For the catalyst to perform these functions, multiple in-cylinder fuel injection strategies (late FPI) combined with small amounts of hydrogen addition to the exhaust are required

Calidad de fruto y aceite de olivos maduros en condiciones de cultivo de secado parcial de la zona radical

This study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) irrigation on olive trees and their fruit and oil quality. Olive trees of the Moroccan Picholine variety were grown under arid conditions in Marrakech, and exposed to four irrigation treatments: Control (irrigated with 100 % of the crop evapotranspiration, on the two sides of the root system), PRD1 (irrigated with 50 % of the control, on one side of the root system, switching every two weeks), PRD2 (irrigated with 50 % of the control, on one side of the root system, switching every four weeks) and PRD3 (irrigated with the same amount of water as the control applied on one side of the root system, switching every two weeks). The individual fruit weight, dimensions and oil contents were generally greater under PRD than the control. Whereas, the fruit water content was lower under PRD1 and PRD2 than the control and PRD3. Oil acidity was not affected by irrigation, while the total polyphenol content, which affects the oxidative stability and sensory characteristics of the oil, increased in response to the PRD irrigation, especially under PRD1 (246.0 ppm) and PRD2 (278.5 ppm) treatments, against 148.4 ppm and 101.8 ppm for PRD3 and the control respectively. This increase could explain the oil bitterness observed under PRD1 and PRD2. The fatty acid composition was not affected by PRD1 and PRD2. The oil quality based on UV absorption coefficients (K232 and K270) decreased significantly under PRD2. Chlorophyll content and maturity index were antagonistic, and olive ripeness was found to be precocious under PRD irrigation treatments compared to the control.Este estudio fue realizado para evaluar los efectos cuantitativos y cualitativos de la irrigación de olivos por secado parcial de la zona radical (PRD) sobre la calidad de su fruto y de su aceite. Los olivos de la variedad marroquí Picholine fueron cultivados en condiciones áridas en Marrakech, y expuestos a cuatro tratamientos de irrigación: Control (irrigado con el 100 % de la evapotranspiración de la cosecha, en los dos lados del sistema radical), PRD1 (irrigado con el 50 % del control, en sólo un lado del sistema radical, cambiando cada dos semanas), PRD2 (irrigado con el 50 % del control, en un lado del sistema radical, cambiando cada cuatro semanas) y PRD3 (irrigado con la misma cantidad del agua que el control aplicado en un lado del sistema radical, cambiando cada dos semanas). El peso individual del fruto, sus dimensiones y el contenido en aceite fueron generalmente mayores bajo PRD que en el control. Mientras que, el contenido de agua de la aceituna fue inferior en PRD1 y PRD2 que en el control y en PRD3. La acidez del aceite no se afectó por el régimen de irrigación, mientras que el contenido total de polifenoles, que afecta a la estabilidad oxidativa y a las características sensoriales del aceite, aumentó en respuesta a la irrigación mediante PRD, sobre todo con los tratamientos PRD1 (246.0 ppm) y PRD2 (278.5 ppm), frente a los 148.4 ppm y 101.8 ppm de PRD3 y el control, respectivamente. Este aumento podría explicar el amargor del aceite obtenida con PRD1 y PRD2. La composición de ácidos grasos no fue afectada por PRD1 Y PRD2. La calidad del aceite basada en los coeficientes de absorción UV (K232 y K270) disminuyó considerablemente con PRD2. El contenido de clorofila resultó antagonista del índice de madurez, y éste último se desarrolló más precozmente en los tratamientos de irrigación PRD que en el control

Detection of the Early Cardiac changes of hypertension by Echocardiography

Background: Hypertension causes changes on the cardiac performance, and this effect is more profound on the LV where systolic high pressure is present. Patients and Methods: We studied 30 patients (14 females and 16 males of average age of 54.8±13.5) with hypertension and 20 normal individuals, the control group (age range 45.6±17.8, 11 females and 9 males). Measurements of early filling velocity E, late filling velocity A at atrial contraction and ejection fraction were taken, also isovolumetric relaxation, and contraction times and ejection times were taken. MPI myocardial performance index was calculated. Results: Results shows a significant increase in the isovolumetric relaxation time IRT (30%),were IRT for the patients group was(105.4±20.8)compared to(73±6.86) for the normal group. The late velocity A (42%), were A for the patients group was (89.28±18) compared to (51.1±18) for the normal group. Ejection time ET (26%), were ET (438.2±88) for the patients group compared to (324±34) for the normal group. And the ratio A/E (41%), were A/E for patients group (1.33) compared to (0.78) for the normal group. While no significant change was observed on ejection fraction (EF %), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), early velocity E, and myocardial performance index (MPI). Conclusion: Diastolic function impairment was found to occur earlier than systolic function impairment in hypertensive patients

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. Findings Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, −1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, −1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. Interpretation Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI

Unusual multisystemic involvement and a novel BAG3 mutation revealed by NGS screening in a large cohort of myofibrillar myopathies

Background: Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are a group of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous neuromuscular disorders, which are characterized by protein aggregations in muscle fibres and can be associated with multisystemic involvement. Methods: We screened a large cohort of 38 index patients with MFM for mutations in the nine thus far known causative genes using Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS). We studied the clinical and histopathological characteristics in 38 index patients and five additional relatives (n = 43) and particularly focused on the associated multisystemic symptoms. Results: We identified 14 heterozygous mutations (diagnostic yield of 37%), among them the novel p.Pro209Gln mutation in the BAG3 gene, which was associated with onset in adulthood, a mild phenotype and an axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy, in the absence of giant axons at the nerve biopsy. We revealed several novel clinical phenotypes and unusual multisystemic presentations with previously described mutations: hearing impairment with a FLNC mutation, dysphonia with a mutation in DES and the first patient with a FLNC mutation presenting respiratory insufficiency as the initial symptom. Moreover, we described for the first time respiratory insufficiency occurring in a patient with the p.Gly154Ser mutation in CRYAB. Interestingly, we detected a polyneuropathy in 28% of the MFM patients, including a BAG3 and a MYOT case, and hearing impairment in 13%, including one patient with a FLNC mutation and two with mutations in the DES gene. In four index patients with a mutation in one of the MFM genes, typical histological findings were only identified at the ultrastructural level (29%). Conclusions: We conclude that extraskeletal symptoms frequently occur in MFM, particularly cardiac and respiratory involvement, polyneuropathy and/or deafness. BAG3 mutations should be considered even in cases with a mild phenotype or an adult onset. We identified a genetic defect in one of the known genes in less than half of the MFM patients, indicating that more causative genes are still to be found. Next generation sequencing techniques should be helpful in achieving this aim