A Taxonomy of Traffic Forecasting Regression Problems From a Supervised Learning Perspective

One contemporary policy to deal with traffic congestion is the design and implementation of forecasting methods that allow users to plan ahead of time and decision makers to improve traffic management. Current data availability and growing computational capacities have increased the use of machine learning (ML) to address traffic prediction, which is mostly modeled as a supervised regression problem. Although some studies have presented taxonomies to sort the literature in this field, they are mostly oriented to classify the ML methods applied and a little effort has been directed to categorize the traffic forecasting problems approached by them. As far as we know, there is no comprehensive taxonomy that classifies these problems from the point of view of both traffic and ML. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy to categorize the aforementioned problems from both traffic and a supervised regression learning perspective. The taxonomy aims at unifying and consolidating categorization criteria related to traffic and it introduces new criteria to classify the problems in terms of how they are modeled from a supervised regression approach. The traffic forecasting literature, from 2000 to 2019, is categorized using this taxonomy to illustrate its descriptive power. From this categorization, different remarks are discussed regarding the current gaps and trends in the addressed traffic forecasting area

Adapted Thermodynamical Model for the Prediction of Adsorption in Nanoporous Materials

In this paper, we introduce a novel, adapted approach for computing gas adsorption properties in porous materials. We analyze the Dubinin-Polanyi's adsorption model and investigate various frameworks to estimate its required essential components. Those are linked to physicochemical properties of the adsorbates, such as the vapor saturation pressure and density in the adsorbed state. To conduct this analysis, we obtain adsorption isotherms for several metal-organic frameworks, encompassing a range of pore sizes, shapes, and chemical compositions. We then apply and evaluate multiple combinations of models for saturation pressure and density. After the evaluation of the method, we propose a working thermodynamic model for computing adsorption isotherms, which entails using the critical isochore as an approximation of the saturation pressure above the critical point and applying Hauer's method with a universal thermal expansion coefficient for density in the adsorbed state. This framework is applicable not only to simulated isotherms but also to experimental data from the literature for various molecules and structures, demonstrating robust predictive capabilities and high transferability. Our method showcases superior performance in terms of accuracy, generalizability, and simplicity compared to existing methods currently in use. For the first time, a method starting from a single adsorption curve and based on physically interpretable parameters can predict adsorption properties across a wide range of operating conditions

Alcohol-Based Adsorption Heat Pumps using Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks

The building climate industry and its influence on energy consumption have consequences on the environment due to the emission of greenhouse gasses. Improving the efficiency of this sector is essential to reduce the effect on climate change. In recent years, the interest in porous materials in applications such as heat pumps has increased for their promising potential. To assess the performance of adsorption heat pumps and cooling systems, here we discuss a multistep approach based on the processing of adsorption data combined with a thermodynamic model. The process provides properties of interest, such as the coefficient of performance, the working capacity, the specific heat or cooling effect, or the released heat upon adsorption and desorption cycles, and it also has the advantage of identifying the optimal conditions for each adsorbent-fluid pair. To test this method, we select several metal-organic frameworks that differ in topology, chemical composition, and pore size, which we validate with available experiments. Adsorption equilibrium curves were calculated using molecular simulations to describe the adsorption mechanisms of methanol and ethanol as working fluids in the selected adsorbents. Then, using a thermodynamic model we calculate the energetic properties combined with iterative algorithms that simultaneously vary all the required working conditions. We discuss the strong influence of operating temperatures on the performance of heat pump devices. Our findings point to the highly hydrophobic metal azolate framework MAF-6 as a very good candidate for heating and cooling applications for its high working capacity and excellent energy efficiency

Self-Association of Organic Solutes in Solution: A NEXAFS Study of Aqueous Imidazole

N K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectra of imidazole in concentrated aqueous solutions have been acquired. The NEXAFS spectra of the solution species differ significantly from those of imidazole monomers in the gas phase and in the solid state of imidazole, demonstrating the strong sensitivity of NEXAFS to the local chemical and structural environment. In a concentration range from 0.5 to 8.2 mol L−1 the NEXAFS spectrum of aqueous imidazole does not change strongly, confirming previous suggestions that imidazole self-associates are already present at concentrations more dilute than the range investigated here. We show that various types of electronic structure calculations (Gaussian, StoBe, CASTEP) provide a consistent and complete interpretation of all features in the gas phase and solid state spectra based on ground state electronic structure. This suggests that such computational modelling of experimental NEXAFS will permit an incisive analysis of the molecular interactions of organic solutes in solutions. It is confirmed that microhydrated clusters with a single imidazole molecule are poor models of imidazole in aqueous solution. Our analysis indicates that models including both a hydrogen-bonded network of hydrate molecules, and imidazole–imidazole interactions, are necessary to explain the electronic structure evident in the NEXAFS spectra

Human iPSC-derived astrocytes transplanted into the mouse brain undergo morphological changes in response to amyloid-beta plaques

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence for a direct contribution of astrocytes to neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes causing Alzheimer’s disease comes from molecular and functional studies in rodent models. However, these models may not fully recapitulate human disease as human and rodent astrocytes differ considerably in morphology, functionality, and gene expression. RESULTS: To address these challenges, we established an approach to study human astrocytes within the mouse brain by transplanting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocyte progenitors into neonatal brains. Xenografted hiPSC-derived astrocyte progenitors differentiated into astrocytes that integrated functionally within the mouse host brain and matured in a cell-autonomous way retaining human-specific morphologies, unique features, and physiological properties. In Alzheimer´s chimeric brains, transplanted hiPSC-derived astrocytes responded to the presence of amyloid plaques undergoing morphological changes that seemed independent of the APOE allelic background. CONCLUSIONS: In sum, we describe here a promising approach that consist of transplanting patient-derived and genetically modified astrocytes into the mouse brain to study human astrocyte pathophysiology in the context of Alzheimer´s disease

Mesopore-modified mordenites as catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and cracking of vacuum gasoil processes

[EN] Mesopore-modified mordenite zeolitic materials with different Si/Al ratios have been repared and tested in the biomass pyrolysis and catalytic cracking of vacuum gasoil. Alkaline treatment was carried out to generate mesoporosity. Severity of alkaline treatment was found to be of paramount importance to tune the generated mesoporosity, while it significantly affected the crystallinity of treated mordenites. It was moreover observed that the alkaline treatment selectively extracted Si decreasing the Si/Al ratio of treated samples. Catalytic activity of parent and alkaline treated mordenites was studied in the pyrolysis of biomass. All zeolitic based materials produced less amounts of bio-oil but of better quality (lowering the oxygen content from ∼40% to as much as 21%) as compared to the non-catalytic pyrolysis experiments. On the other hand, it was found that the combination of mesopore formation and high surface area after alkaline treatment of the mordenite with a high Si/Al ratio resulted in the enhancement of its catalytic activity, despite the reduction of its acidity. The increment of the decarboxylation and dehydration reactions, combined with a reduction of carbon deposition on the catalyst, resulted in a remarkable decrease in the oxygen content in the organic fraction and therefore, resulted in a superior quality liquid product. Alkaline treated mordenites were additionally acid treated targeting dealumination and removal of the extra framework debris, thus generating mesopore-modified mordenite samples with stronger acid sites and higher total acidity, as candidate catalysts for catalytic cracking of vacuum gasoil. Desilicated and especially desilicated and dealuminated mordenites exhibited the highest activity and selectivity towards LCO with the best olefinicity in gases and higher bottoms conversion. Therefore, an optimized desilicated dealuminated mordenite additive could be an interesting candidate as a component of the FCC catalyst for a high LCO yield.The financial support of this work by the ACENET COMMON INITIATIVE HECABIO: "HEterogeneous CAtalysis for the Conversion of Solid BIOmass into Renewable Fuels and Chemicals" Project ACE.07.026 is gratefully acknowledged.Stefanidis, S.; Kalogiannis, K.; Iliopoulou, EF.; Lappas, AA.; Martínez Triguero, LJ.; Navarro Ruiz, MT.; Chica, A.... (2013). Mesopore-modified mordenites as catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and cracking of vacuum gasoil processes. Green Chemistry. 15(6):1647-1658. doi:10.1039/c3gc40161hS1647165815

Influência da carga competitiva no basquetebol formativo de acordo com o tempo de jogo

Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por la Ayuda a los Grupos de Investigación (GR18170) del Gobierno de Extremadura (Consejería de Empleo, Empresa e Innovación); con la aportación de la Unión Europea a través de los Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional.Resumen: Introducción: En baloncesto, la cuantificación de la carga en competición es una herramienta muy utilizada por entrenadores con el fin de definir objetivos y controlar la evolución de los jugadores. Aun así, los jugadores no participan del mismo modo durante la competición, existiendo jugadores con un estímulo de minutos superior al de otros. Objetivos: Conocer como varía la demanda física de la competición en función del tiempo de participación en el juego de cada deportista. Métodos: Se analizaron 12 partidos de competición de baloncesto femenino de formación U18, dónde se registró la carga cinemática a través de la distancia recorrida, número de sprines, aceleraciones y deceleraciones, impactos, saltos y PlayerLoad. Todas estas variables se analizaron en función de la carga de minutos (1-10’, 10-20’, 20-30’ y de 30-40’). Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de tecnología de banda ultra ancha (UWB) y dispositivos inerciales (WIMUTM). Resultados y discusión: Se observa una línea ascendente en todas las variables analizadas al incrementar el tiempo de juego. Sin embargo, analizando las variables ponderadas al minuto (número de acciones por minuto) se identifica una disminución del rendimiento final cuando las jugadoras se mantienen en pista más de 30 minutos. Conclusiones: Se ha diferenciado la carga competitiva en función de los minutos de juego, permitiendo reestructurar el tiempo entre las jugadoras de un equipo con el objetivo conseguir un rendimiento físico óptimo durante todo el partidoAbstract: Introduction: In basketball, the quantification of the load in competition is a tool widely used by coaches in order to define objectives and control the evolution of the players. Even so, players do not participate in the same way during the competition, there being players with a stimulus of minutes superior to others. Aim: To know how the physical demand of the competition varies depending on the time of participation in each athlete's game. Methods: 12 games of women's U18 basketball competition were analyzed, where the kinematic load was recorded through distance perform, number of sprints, accelerations and decelerations, impacts, jumps and PlayerLoad. All these variables were analyzed according to the load of minutes (1-10 ', 10-20', 20-30 'and 30-40'). The data was collected from Ultra Wide Band (UWB) and inertial devices (WIMUTM). Results & discussion: An ascending line is observed in all the analyzed variables when increasing the playing time. However, analyzing the weighted variables at minute (number of actions per minute) a decrease in the final performance is identified when the players stay on the track for more than 30 minutes. Conclusions: The competitive load has been differentiated according to the minutes of the game, allowing to restructure the time between the players of a team with the aim of achieving optimal physical performance throughout the game.Resumo: Introdução: No basquete, a quantificação da carga na competição é uma ferramenta amplamente utilizada pelos treinadores para definir objetivos e controlar a evolução dos jogadores. Mesmo assim, os jogadores não participam da mesma forma durante a competição, havendo jogadores com um estímulo de minutos superior aos demais. Objetivos: Saber como a demanda física da competição varia de acordo com o tempo de participação no jogo de cada atleta. Métodos: foram analisados 12 jogos de basquete de treinamento feminino U18, onde a carga cinemática foi registrada através da distância percorrida, número de sprints, acelerações e desacelerações, impactos, saltos e PlayerLoad. Todas essas variáveis foram analisadas de acordo com a carga de minutos (1-10 ', 10-20', 20-30 'e 30-40'). Os dados foram coletados em banda larga ultra larga (UWB) e dispositivos inerciais (WIMUTM). Resultados e discussão: Uma linha ascendente é observada em todas as variáveis analisadas ao aumentar o tempo de jogo. No entanto, analisando as variáveis ponderadas no minuto (número de ações por minuto), uma diminuição no desempenho final é identificada quando os jogadores permanecem na pista por mais de 30 minutos. Conclusões: A carga competitiva foi diferenciada de acordo com os minutos de jogo, permitindo reestruturar o tempo entre os jogadores de uma equipe com o objetivo de atingir um desempenho físico ótimo durante todo o jogo

Estudio comparativo de resistencia aeróbica y anaeróbica en jugadores de baloncesto en función de la metodología de entrenamiento

The aim of this investigation is identifying the differences between aerobic and anaerobic capacities in players. They are training with different methodologies. Therefore, it is necessary to know how are the physiological and cinematic request of the trainings.The design of this investigation can be classified as a manipulative strategy. It is inside of studies about empirical nature of cuasiexperimental type, where you can examinate the differences between groups: Design of not equal groups. The people group of the study are two basketball teams. They train with differents methodologies but they have the same time to practise and the same material too.Regarding the results, there are some differences between aerobic and anaerobic events of the teams. In this way, it is superior the team with comprehensive methodology.In this case, you can affirm that training with a comprehensive methodology causes the best results as aerobic and anaerobic endurance. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las diferencias en la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica de jugadores en período de formación, que son entrenados con metodologías diferentes. Por ello, es necesario conocer como son las demandas fisiológicas y cinemáticas de los entrenamientos.El diseño de esta investigación se puede enmarcar bajo una estrategia manipulativa, dentro de los estudios de naturaleza empírica de tipo cuasiexperimental donde se busca examinar las diferencias entre grupos, Diseño de Grupos No Equivalentes.La población del estudio son dos equipos de baloncesto que entrenan bajo diferentes metodologías pero que disponen del mismo tiempo de entrenamiento y material.En cuanto a los resultados que se obtienen, se encuentran diferencias en la prueba aeróbica y anaeróbica entre los equipos, siendo superior el equipo bajo enfoque comprensivo.En este caso, se puede afirmar que entrenar bajo una metodología comprensiva provoca mejores resultados tanto en Resistencia Aeróbica como en Anaeróbica