Population selection strategies in the wedge clam, Donax incarnatus (Gmelin) from Panambur beach, Mangalore

The wedge clams, of genus Donax. form a dominant component in the infauna of sandy beaches of Indian coasts. Though not commercially very important, these clams support small fisheries along certain regions of the east and west coasts of India. Some aspects of the population biology of Donax spp have been reported by earlier werker

Allometry in the wedge clam, Donax incarnatus (Gmelin) from Panambur beach, Mangalore

In allometric relationships,only 2 parameters are compared at anyone time. Moreover, inferences about the proximate or mechanistic causes will result in differences in the intercept and slope of the allometry, hence comparisons among taxa are risky because many factors influence morphological and physiological trait

Seasonal variability in the condition of the Wedge clam, Donax incarnatus (Gmelin)

Variations in the condition of Donax incarnatus (Gmelin) inhabiting Panambur beach sand were followed for one year. The highest condition indices were in March (9.4) and September (8.~) and the lowest in January (3.5). Seasonal fluctuations in condition were probably related to cycles of gonadal growth and spawning. Based on the data, the best period for commercial exploitation appears to be during March and September

Disposing of Duplicate Data with Dynamic PoS for Multi User Environment

Dynamic Proof of Storage (PoS) is a profitable custom that empowers a customer to see the respectability of outsourced reports and invigorate the records in a cloud server with an extraordinarily compelling way. Despite the likelihood that a couple of agents have formed unmistakable dynamic PoS in unit customer circumstances, however the inconvenience in multi-customer conditions has not been asked inside and out. A shrewd multi-customer appropriated capacity structure needs the ensured client side cross-customer deduplication framework, that gives a customer to avoid the exchanging strategy and getting the responsibility for records now, once resulting proprietors of a similar archives have exchanged them to the cloud server. To minimal complex of our data, no other present dynamic PoS will support this system. In this paper, we are talented to exhibit the possibility of deduplicatable dynamic check of limit related propose a saving improvement suggested as DeyPoS, to recognize dynamic PoS and secure cross-customer duplication, meanwhile. Considering the troubles of structure contrasts and individual name period, we tend to abuse an exceptional instrument insinuated as Homomorphic Authenticated Tree (HAT). We have a tendency to show the protection of our advancement

1-(2-Hy­droxy-5-methyl­phen­yl)-3-(2-methyl­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C17H16O2, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 5.12 (13)° and an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring

Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of pithecolobine isolated from Albizia saman

Pithecolobine isolated from alkaloid extract of Albizia saman showed antimicrobial activity against seven human pathogenic bacteria and two yeasts with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of 1.9-125 g mL-1. In addition, it also exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 value at 250g mL-1. Pithecolobine may be useful as a natural bioactive molecule for developing potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. © 2015 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Inhibitory effect of alkaloids of Albizia amara and Albizia saman on growth and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium verticillioides

The investigation was aimed to evaluate the antifungal and antifumonisin activities of budmunchiamine A and pithecolobine against Fusarium verticillioides. The budmunchiamine A was isolated from Albizia amara and pithecolobine from Albizia saman. The results demonstrated that both budmunchiamine A and pithecolobine significantly inhibited the growth and fumonisin B1 production by F. verticillioides in a dose dependent manner. The MIC and MFC values ranged from 0.125 to 0.25 mg/ml and 0.25 to 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. In vitro evaluation showed that the fumonisin B1 production was completely inhibited by budmunchiamine A and pithecolobine at 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, while in vivo evaluation showed complete inhibition at 0.25 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg, respectively. The present findings indicate the possible use of budmunchiamine A and pithecolobine as alternative agents to control the fungal and mycotoxin contaminations in food grains

Evaluation of Phyllanthus polyphyllus L. Extract and its Active Constituent as a Source of Antifungal, Anti-​Aflatoxigenic, and Antioxidant Activities

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activities of Phyllanthus polyphyllus L. leaf ext., to isolate its active constituent 4-​o-​Me gallic acid (4-​o-​MGA)​, and to det. the antioxidant and antiaflatoxigenic properties. The bioassay-​guided fractionation of methanol ext. led to the isolation of active compd. 4-​o-​methylgallic acid. The methanol ext. showed the highest amt. of phenolic content (290 mg GAE​/g dry ext.)​, which indicated the involvement of phenolic compds. in the radical scavenging activity obsd. by the methanol ext. The antioxidant capacity of 4-​o-​MGA was greater than the std. butylated hydroxytoluene, followed by methanol ext. The concn.-​dependent growth inhibitory activity was obsd. against the tested fungi, in which the field fungi were susceptible, while the storage fungi were found to be more resistant including aflatoxigenic A. flavus. A correlation was obsd. between fungal biomass and aflatoxin prodn. in control and treatment, there was a decrease in biomass of A. flavus and aflatoxin prodn. with increasing concn. The aflatoxin prodn. was completely inhibited in vitro by methanol ext. at 1 mg​/mL and 4-​o-​MGA at 2 mg​/mL, but the mycelial growth was not inhibited completely. The inhibition of aflatoxin prodn. was relatively higher than the mycelial growth inhibition of A. flavus, such behaviors might have been detd. by the presence of hydrolysable tannin 4-​o-​MGA in the ext., which is known to inhibit the aflatoxin biosynthesis. The significant antioxidant and aflatoxin inhibitory activities of P. polyphyllus could be exploited for its application in preventing oxidative deterioration and fungal spoilage of food products

Inhibitory Activity of Plant Extracts on Aflatoxin B1 Biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus

The inhibitory activities of aqueous and solvent extracts of twelve selected medicinal plants were evaluated against biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by Aspergillus flavus. The A. flavus was isolated from maize, and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis was confirmed by comparison with standard AFB1 using TLC method. In vivo antiaflatoxigenic efficacies of activity guided solvent extracts were determined in maize model system. All the extracts showed varying degree of antifungal and AFB1 inhibitory activities, but chloroformic extract of Albizia amara, Cassia spectabilis and Solanum indicum, and methanolic extract of Acacia catechu, Albizia saman andAnogeissus latifolia showed the highest activity. Further investigations on identification of active principles from these plants are needed to develop plant based formulations for management of A. flavus growth and AFB1 contamination in food grains

Antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical analysis of Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. an indigenous medicinal plant against some human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi

The present investigation evaluates the antimicrobial activity of six different solvent exts. and isolated constituents of leaves of Albizia amara against a total of 21 microorganisms which consisted of seven human pathogenic bacteria, a phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris (NCIM 2954) and thirteen seed-​borne phytopathogenic fungi. Our result showed that, among the six solvent exts. tested, the chloroform ext. showed a higher antibacterial and antifungal activity followed by methanol, ethanol and hydro-​methanolic exts. resp. The chloroform, methanol and ethanol exts. exhibited antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 5.25 to 23.75, 6.25 to 23.25 and 7.25 to 22.7 mm resp. at 1mg​/mL concn. The minimal inhibitory concn. (MIC) of the chloroform ext. ranged from 15μg​/mL to 500μg​/mL depending upon bacterial species. The most susceptible organism in the present investigation was Streptococcus faecalis (NCIM 5025)​, while the most resistant was Proteus vulgaris (NCIM 2027)​. Highest antifungal activity was obsd. in chloroform ext. followed by methanol ext. with percent of inhibition ranging from 30​% to 77.4​% and 17.4​% to 71.7​% resp. The IC50 value of chloroform ext. ranged from 0.5mg​/mL to 5.0mg​/mL depending upon fungal species. Among the tested fungi, Fusarium lateratum was highly sensitive and Aspergillus flavus was least sensitive. Chloroform ext. was subsequently fractionated and monitored for antibacterial activity guided assay leading to the isolation of active fraction and was confirmed as alkaloid by further phytochem. anal. The present study thus confirms antimicrobial property of A. amara and also demonstrated the role of A. amara used in traditional medicine