The Effect of Frequency and Duration of Hemodialysis on The Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

Background: Patients experiencing hemodialysis for a long time have to face various problems, like financial, difficulty to work, plummet sexual desire, anxiety, fear, depression, and life style change. These problems can influence the quality of patient’s life. This study aimed to examine the effect of frequency and duration of hemodialysis on the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sunan Kudus Islamic Hospital, Kudus, Central Java. A sample of 60 patients with chronic renal failure who had been undergoing a series of hemodialysis was selected for this study. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were frequency and duration of hemodialysis. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure decreased with higher frequency (OR= 0.24; p= 0.021) and longer duration (OR= 0.35; p= 0.001) of hemodialysis. Conclusion: The quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure decreases with higher frequency and longer duration of hemodialysis. Keywords: quality of life, hemodialysis, frequency, duration, chronic renal failur

Pengaruh Penggunaan Cacahan Gelas Plastik Polypropylene (Pp) terhadap Kuat Tekan dan Kuat Tarik Beton

Plastik merupakan salah satu jenis sampah anorganik yang mana tidak semua dari material jenis ini dapat didaur ulang. Gelas plastik bekas/polypropylene (PP) merupakan salah satu jenis plastik yang tidak dapat didaur ulang dengan mudah. Pemanfaatan limbah gelas plastik bekas/polyropylene (PP) dalam campuran beton salah satunya untuk meningkatkan mutu beton, mengurangi limbah plastik. Serta memelajari potensi akan penggunaan cacahan limbah gelas plastik/polypropylene (PP) sebagai bahan tambah dalam campuran beton terhadap kuat tekan dan kuat tarik beton. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam “45” Bekasi. Pedoman penelitian ini mengacu pada SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) dan JIS (Japan Industrial Standard). Mutu beton K-225 dengan persentase penambahan cacahan gelas plastik bekas/polypropylene sebesar 0,00%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,00%, dan 1,25% dari berat semen, pengujian kuat tekan beton dilakukan pada umur 7 hari, 14 hari dan 28 hari. Sedangkan, pengujian kuat tarik dilakukan pada umur 28 hari. Dari hasil pengujian didapat kuat tekan beton pada umur 28 hari terjadi penurunan kuat tekan sebesar 4,982% pada persentase campuran polypropylene 0,50%, 14,765% pada persentase campuran polypropolyne 0,75%, 16,214% pada persentase campuran polypropylene 1,00%, dan 22,826% pada persentase campuran polypropylene 1,25% terhadap beton normal. Sedangkan hasil pengujian kuat tarik umur 28 hari terjadi peningkatan optimum sebesar 21,789% pada persentase campuran polypropylene 0,50% terhadap mutu beton yang dicapai. Kata kunci : Beton, polypropylene, berat semen, kuat tekan, kuat tarik

Perencanaan Filter Pasif untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Daya Listrik di Kampus Diploma III Fakultas Teknik Undip

Arkhan Subari, Saiful Manan, in this paper explain that most electronic equipment is non-linear load. Likewise with the equipment in campus buildings Diploma III Faculty of Engineering. Non-linear load is a load that has a voltage waveform supplied from non sinusiodal although sinusoidal voltage. Non-sinusoidal wave causes the shape of the voltage becomes distorted or defects that result in decreased quality of power. The defect wave called harmonics. To dampen harmonics on non-linear load can be used filter. With the addition of a filter on the power system, then the waves of unwanted harmonics can be suppressed as small as possible. In addition, harmonic filter at the fundamental frequency can compensate for reactive power and is used to improve the power factor of the system. From the measurement results in the Diploma Program Campus FT Undip found that the influence of harmonic waves big enough. THDv reached 32.13% while the THDi amounted to 7.85%. It affects so cos phi cos phi measured just 0.72. After the installation of a passive filter, the value THDv and THDi be good lebik ie 1.61% and 0.39% to reach 0.94 cos phi measured

Examination of Acid-Fast Bacilli in Sputum Using Modified Light Microscope with Homemade Light Emitting Diode Additional Attachment

Typical clinical symptoms and chest X-ray is a marker of Tuberculosis (TB) sufferers. However, the diagnosis of TB in adults should be supported by microscopic examination. Currently, Bacilli microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) coloring is the most widely used. However, for reasons of convenience, especially for laboratories with a considerable amount of smear samples, and due to higher sensitivity compared with ZN staining, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of auramine-O-staining (fluorochrome  staining), which is visualized by light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of modified light microscope with homemade LED additional attachment for examination of AFB in sputum using auramine-O-staining method. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of 2 kinds of AFB in sputum methods: ZN and fluorochrome, using culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media as the gold standard. The results showed auramine-O-staining gives more proportion of positive findings (81%) compared to the ZN method (70%). These results demonstrated that the sensitivity of auramine-O-staining was higher than ZN, however it gives more potential false positive results than ZN. The sensitivity of auramine-O-staining in detecting AFB in sputum was 100% while the specificity was 88%

A Simple Photometer as a Helping Device in Measuring Blood Glucose

Measurement of non-invasive blood glucose is one way to increase the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). For NIR reflectance spectroscopy, its application in non-invasive constrained by high value of standard error of prediction. The mean standard error of prediction was 25 mg/dL. Theoretically, NIR reflectance spectroscopy still can be used to predict blood glucose levels in certain conditions such as hypoglycemia (<55 mg/dL), controlled fasting blood glucose (FBG) (70-115 mg/dL), and hyperglycemia (>225 mg/dL), which the difference between the three conditions is more than 25 mg/dL. The results showed that there are significant differences in standards values of photometer measurement between controlled FBG and hyperglycemic conditions (P = 0.002). The results also showed that the photometer can be used to assist the monitoring of blood glucose in FBG under control and hyperglycemic conditions. It can be seen from the average percentage of the daily controlled FBG conditions in patients conducting SMBG in photometer-assisted compared to in patients only use SMBG once a day (28% versus 18%, P = 0.344)

A Study of Biomedical Time Series Using Empirical Mode Decomposition : Extracting event-related modes from EEG signals recorded during visual processing of contour stimuli

Noninvasive neuroimaging techniques like functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and/or Electroencephalography (EEG) allow researchers to investigate and analyze brain activities during visual processing. EEG offers a high temporal resolution at a level of submilliseconds which can be combined favorably with fMRI which has a good spatial resolution on small spatial scales in the millimeter range. These neuroimaging techniques were, and still are instrumental in the diagnoses and treatments of neurological disorders in the clinical applications. In this PhD thesis we concentrate on lectrophysiological signatures within EEG recordings of a combined EEG-fMRI data set which where taken while performing a contour integration task. The estimation of location and distribution of the electrical sources in the brain from surface recordings which are responsible for interesting EEG waves has drawn the attention of many EEG/MEG researchers. However, this process which is called brain source localization is still one of the major problems in EEG. It consists of solving two modeling problems: forward and inverse. In the forward problem, one is interested in predicting the expected potential distribution on the scalp from given electrical sources that represent active neurons in the head. These evaluations are necessary to solve the inverse problem which can be defined as the problem of estimating the brain sources that generated the measured electrical potentials. This thesis presents a data-driven analysis of EEG data recorded during a combined EEG/fMRI study of visual processing during a contour integration task. The analysis is based on an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and discusses characteristic features of event related modes (ERMs) resulting from the decomposition. We identify clear differences in certain ERMs in response to contour vs non-contour Gabor stimuli mainly for response amplitudes peaking around 100 [ms] (called P100) and 200 [ms] (called N200) after stimulus onset, respectively. We observe early P100 and N200 responses at electrodes located in the occipital area of the brain, while late P100 and N200 responses appear at electrodes located in frontal brain areas. Signals at electrodes in central brain areas show bimodal early/late response signatures in certain ERMs. Head topographies clearly localize statistically significant response differences to both stimulus conditions. Our findings provide an independent proof of recent models which suggest that contour integration depends on distributed network activity within the brain. Next and based on the previous analysis, a new approach for source localization of EEG data based on combining ERMs, extracted with EEMD, with inverse models has been presented. As the first step, 64 channel EEG recordings are pooled according to six brain areas and decomposed, by applying an EEMD, into their underlying ERMs. Then, based upon the problem at hand, the most closely related ERM, in terms of frequency and amplitude, is combined with inverse modeling techniques for source localization. More specifically, the standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) procedure is employed in this work. Accuracy and robustness of the results indicate that this approach deems highly promising in source localization techniques for EEG data. Given the results of analyses above, it can be said that EMD is able to extract intrinsic signal modes, ERMs, which contain decisive information about responses to contour and non-contour stimuli. Hence, we introduce a new toolbox, called EMDLAB, which serves the growing interest of the signal processing community in applying EMD as a decomposition technique. EMDLAB can be used to perform, easily and effectively, four common types of EMD: plain EMD, ensemble EMD (EEMD), weighted sliding EMD (wSEMD) and multivariate EMD (MEMD) on the EEG data. The main goal of EMDLAB toolbox is to extract characteristics of either the EEG signal by intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) or ERMs. Since IMFs reflect characteristics of the original EEG signal, ERMs reflect characteristics of ERPs of the original signal. The new toolbox is provided as a plug-in to the well-known EEGLAB which enables it to exploit the advantageous visualization capabilities of EEGLAB as well as statistical data analysis techniques provided there for extracted IMFs and ERMs of the signal

Inter-institutional Framework towards Improvising SDGs in Somaliland: The Transformative Paradigm

The United Nations (UN) Rio+20 summit obligated nations to develop set of universal development goals as indicated in the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). These goals were designated to enhance and further improve strategies cope with failures of the expired millennium development goals (MDGs) (United Nations, 2013). Researchers and other official reports at present indicate that SDGs are the extension or the continuation of the expired MDGs. The MDGs were mostly relief projects toward improving human life through aid based approach. The MDGs projects did not thus so far remarkably improve the target sectors but alleviated hunger and reduced extreme poverty in some countries while in countries like Somaliland, hunger, and poverty are on the increase. This doesn't mean that MDGs were totally failed projects, but to indicate that the set targets were not improved as supposed to be due to lack of context-based national strategic framework. Additional monitoring and evaluation of MDGs were haphazard since there had not been specific indicators adapted to report the progress. The SDGs signed up by the Somaliland government this year (2017) would inherit challenges hindered MDGs to produce the anticipated outcomes if they are not strategically avoided. Socioeconomic development and national sustainability are often posed as being in conflict because of tradeoffs between the growing demands of least developed counties like Somaliland as well as lower standards of living and poor capacity of the national institutions. This review paper suggests a need to adopt an indigenous integrated framework, which ensures that synergy is exploited and collaborative strategies are put in place towards achieving SDG targets. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework and key recommendations focusing on filling the gaps left in the MDGs and accelerate in achieving the new goals and targets of SDGs