The role of self-compassion and cognitive flexibility in predicting the post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in individuals exposed to Trauma

Background and aims: Psychological factors can mediate relation between experience of traumatic events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Given the importance of this issue, this study was conducted in order to determine the role of self-compassion and cognitive flexibility in predicting the symptoms of PTSD in people exposed to Trauma. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in correlation. The studied sample included 120 individuals, selected by stratified randomly sampling from traumatized individuals sponsored by Komitee Emdad located in Ghilan garb city at Second half of 2015 year. The questionnaires of Demographic information, Mississippi post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale, Self-compassion (SCS) and cognitive abilities (CAQ (was used for gathering data. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests using SPSS. Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder have a negative relationship with self-compassion (r=-0.22; P<0.05), and cognitive flexibility (r=-0.63; P<0.001). The Results of regression analysis showed that self-compassion and cognitive flexibility explain about 45% of variance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that self-compassion against disasters and cognitive flexibility can protect a person from symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder play role in the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in people exposed to trauma contribute

Non-renewable and renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A comparative analysis

This paper attempts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions using the STIRPAT model and data from 1980 to 2011 for OECD countries. The empirical results show that non-renewable energy consumption increases CO2 emissions, whereas renewable energy consumption decreases CO2 emissions. Further, the results support the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve between urbanisation and CO2 emissions, implying that at higher levels of urbanisation, the environmental impact decreases. Therefore, the overall evidence suggests that policy makers should focus on urban planning as well as clean energy development to make substantial contributions to both reducing non-renewable energy use and mitigating climate change

Urbanization and Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption in OECD Countries: An Empirical Analysis

This article aims to analyse the impact of urbanization on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in OECD countries by using the STIRPAT model and data for the period of 1980 to 2011. Demographic factors including total population, urbanization and population density are found to be significant factors, particularly with respect to non-renewable energy consumption. The results also reveal that while total population and urbanization positively influence non-renewable energy consumption, population density has a negative impact on non-renewable energy consumption. From the demographic factors only total population has a significant impact on renewable energy consumption. Granger causality results indicate that there is unidirectional causality from non-renewable energy use to population density in the short run. However, no causal linkage is found between urbanization and non-renewable energy use. Likewise, no causal direction is seen between renewable energy use and any of the demographic factors

On quantifying fault patterns of the mesh interconnect networks

One of the key issues in the design of Multiprocessors System-on-Chip (MP-SoCs), multicomputers, and peerto- peer networks is the development of an efficient communication network to provide high throughput and low latency and its ability to survive beyond the failure of individual components. Generally, the faulty components may be coalesced into fault regions, which are classified into convex and concave shapes. In this paper, we propose a mathematical solution for counting the number of common fault patterns in a 2-D mesh interconnect network including both convex (|-shape, | |-shape, ý-shape) and concave (L-shape, Ushape, T-shape, +-shape, H-shape) regions. The results presented in this paper which have been validated through simulation experiments can play a key role when studying, particularly, the performance analysis of fault-tolerant routing algorithms and measure of a network fault-tolerance expressed as the probability of a disconnection

Analytic height correlation function of rough surfaces derived from light scattering

We derive an analytic expression for the height correlation function of a rough surface based on the inverse wave scattering method of Kirchhoff theory. The expression directly relates the height correlation function to diffuse scattered intensity along a linear path at fixed polar angle. We test the solution by measuring the angular distribution of light scattered from rough silicon surfaces, and comparing extracted height correlation functions to those derived from atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results agree closely with AFM over a wider range of roughness parameters than previous formulations of the inverse scattering problem, while relying less on large-angle scatter data. Our expression thus provides an accurate analytical equation for the height correlation function of a wide range of surfaces based on measurements using a simple, fast experimental procedure.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Pembangunan dan pengesahsahihan instrumen manhaj rabbãniyyah sebagai indikator komunikator Islam / Muhammad Taufik Md Sharipp, S Salahudin Suyurno and Mohamad Shafiei Ayub

Rabbãniyyah bermaksud jalan hidup yang bersumberkan Tuhan, bukan ciptaan manusia. Al-Quran telah melakarkan asas-asas utama seorang Muslim ketika berkomunikasi termasuk kaedah menyeru ke arah kebaikan serta melarang kemungkaran. Kajian ini dijalankan dalam dua fasa iaitu fasa pembangunan instrumen dan fasa kesahan faktor secara statistik hubungan manhaj rabbãniyyah dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sebanyak 21 item dalam pemboleh ubah manhaj rabbānīyyah telah dikelaskan kepada 3 elemen metodologi dakwah iaitu ‘al-hikmāh‘, ‘al-mauʿizah al-hasanah‘ dan al-mujãdalah al-husna‘. Hikmāh merujuk kepada keadilan, ilmu dan kelembutan, Lafaz mauʿizah yang diulang sekurang-kurangnya sembilan belas kali dalam al-Quran ini turut bermaksud menggunakan penyampaian atau percakapan yang lemah-lembut dan berbudi bahasa, mesej yang disampaikan bersifat targhĩb atau tarhĩb golongan sasar. Manakala mujãdalah membawa erti perbincangan atau dialog yang baik dengan disertakan bukti fakta dalam menyokong hujah. Ketiga-tiga elemen ini merupakan faktor yang penting dalam membentuk metode penyampaian seorang komunikator Islam

Assessing the readiness of contractors in implementing low carbon construction in Penang

Global warming or climate change is becoming the main concerns of humanity as it leads to an increase in Earth’s temperature and rise in the oceans’ level which is due to the increase of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses consists of water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), tropospheric ozone (O3) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Among the gasses, CO2 is the highest and easiest gas to measure as it is emitted from human economic activities with construction industry one of the major contributors of carbon emissions. Low carbon construction is the reduction of carbon emissions from the construction activities during construction process. For the implementation of low carbon construction in our construction industry, the contractors need to be ready and have knowledge to adopt low carbon construction industry. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of contractors’ knowledge towards low carbon construction, determining the level of readiness towards low carbon construction and proposing a checklist for the contractors towards low carbon construction in Penang. This research employed questionnaire survey to analyse the level of knowledge and readiness of the contractors on low carbon construction. As a conclusion, the implementation of low carbon practices by the contractors in Penang is good, therefore established that G7 contractors implement low carbon practices throughout their construction. However, the results and findings indicated that the average mean score on the level of readiness of contractors towards low carbon construction is 3.59. The result was perceived as moderate. Therefore, it shows that the contractors are in a moderate readiness to implement low carbon construction fully in their construction projects. A checklist was established by summarizing the highest low carbon activities from each category which were sustainable site planning and management, materials and resources, waste management, water efficiency and energy efficiency, and was perceived as good. Keywords: Climate change, greenhouse gases, carbon emission, low carbon construction, contractors’ readiness

Effectiveness of light pressure stroking massage on pain and fatigue of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery-A randomized clinical trial

زمینه و هدف: درد و خستگی از مشکلات شایع بعد از عمل بیماران تحت جراحی پیوند عروق کرونر می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین تأثیر ماساژ درمانی بر شدت درد و خستگی بعد از عمل بیماران تحت جراحی پیوند عروق کرونر بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی سازی شده، تعداد 72 نفر بیمار تحت عمل جراحی قرارگرفته عروق کرونر در بیمارستان شهید چمران شهر اصفهان، انتخاب شدند و بطور تصادفی در دو گروه مداخله و شاهد قرار گرفتند. بیماران گروه مداخله (36 نفر)، ماساژ استروک سطحی 20 دقیقه ای به مدت 4 جلسه در 4 روز پیاپی در روزهای 3 تا 6 بعد از عمل جراحی دریافت کردند و بیماران گروه شاهد تنها مراقبت های روتین را دریافت نمودند. متغیرهای درد و خستگی قبل و بعد از مداخله با استفاده از مقیاس قیاسی دیداری ثبت شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معنی داری بین شدت درد و خستگی در دو گروه مداخله و شاهد بعد از انجام مداخله وجود داشته است (0/001>P). بطوریکه کاهش میانگین شدت درد و خستگی از روز اول تا چهارم بعد از عمل در گروه مداخله بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود. نتیجه گیری: استفاده از ماساژ استروک سطحی می تواند باعث کاهش درد و خستگی بعد از عمل بیماران تحت جراحی پیوند عروق کرونر شود و با توجه به سادگی و کم هزینه بودن این روش، شاید بتواند به عنوان مکمل مناسبی برای دارودرمانی و مداخلات بعد از عمل در این بیماران مورد استفاده قرار گیرد