Forest Conservation Knowledge-Community Perception Within Protected Areas: The Case of Karagöl-Sahara National Park

Commitment of local communities to protected areas is essential for conserving forest and biodiversity. However, in many developing countries like Turkey, former management strategies kept human from protected areas using coercion. Fortunately, more recent regimes attempt to give local populations more control on the management but little is known about local residents\u27 perceptions, beliefs and attitudes toward the management of these areas. This study, carried out around the Karagöl Sahara National Park, determined factors which support local communities\u27 positive perceptions towards forest conservation in the park, analysed their assessment of current park management activities compared to former management approaches and draw the implications for effective participatory management of protected areas. We collected socio-demographic data from 100 residents on their awareness of conservation methods. The findings indicated that the positive behavior of local communities towards conservation of forest within Karagöl Sahara National Park was highly correlated with the current management strategy that involved more effectively local communities, the educational level of participants. Participants\u27 perceptions of forest conservation were strongly related to locally perceived benefits. Although 91 % of participants were favorable to the concept of forest and biodiversity conservation within the park. Our results suggested that understanding local residents\u27 perceptions and using them as a starting point to improve the park–people relationship could help park management staff to involve more effectively local communities and improve their awareness about biodiversity conservation within the park

The Impact of Forests in Climate Change

As parallel to industrialization and increasing population, pressures on natural resources have rised, soil, water and air have been polluted. These problems threaten the human. So, environmental protection or in awider meaning nature conservation became a very important duty for the human in this century. The duty is a special action against eradication of living base for the organisms Forest ecosystems are of course economical natural resources. The ecosystem is a monotonous forest area by compositions, characteristics and relationsihips of the main elements within the forest. In the article, firstly, forest ecosystems and their functions were examined, then, importance of forest as natural resources, their roles for preventing risk of climatically changes, and contribution of forests for sustainable development within Turkiye were studied

World raw hide and skin exports and some microbiological problems during

Nowadays the biggest countries that produce raw hides are China, India, Brazil and the USA; and major tanning companies are in Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Italy, South Korea, Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, Spain, Turkey and the USA. The top exporter of raw hides and skins is the USA. During exportation many microbes especially bacteria and archaea can damage the raw hides and skins. In this study, some information is given about some microbiological problems during exportation of raw hides and skins

Effects of Preference for Attachment to Low-degree Nodes on the Degree Distributions of a Growing Directed Network and a Simple Food-Web Model

We study the growth of a directed network, in which the growth is constrained by the cost of adding links to the existing nodes. We propose a new preferential-attachment scheme, in which a new node attaches to an existing node i with probability proportional to 1/k_i, where k_i is the number of outgoing links at i. We calculate the degree distribution for the outgoing links in the asymptotic regime (t->infinity), both analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations. The distribution decays like k c^k/Gamma(k) for large k, where c is a constant. We investigate the effect of this preferential-attachment scheme, by comparing the results to an equivalent growth model with a degree-independent probability of attachment, which gives an exponential outdegree distribution. Also, we relate this mechanism to simple food-web models by implementing it in the cascade model. We show that the low-degree preferential-attachment mechanism breaks the symmetry between in- and outdegree distributions in the cascade model. It also causes a faster decay in the tails of the outdegree distributions for both our network growth model and the cascade model.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. A new figure added. Minor modifications made in the tex

WORKPLACE MOBBING AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: AN INVESTIGATION ON EMPLOYEES OF THE PROVINCIAL DIRECTORATE OF YOUTH AND SPORTS IN TURKEY

Mobbing and organizational commitment are among the issues that concern sports businesses as in every profession. In this study, the effects of mobbing on organizational commitment of employees working in public institutions that provide sports services were examined. This research was attended by employees working in the youth and sports directorate, in Turkey. The mobbing scale developed by Yildiz (2019) and the organizational commitment scale developed by Meyer and Allen (1991) were used in the study. First, the reliability analysis of the scales was made, and the reliability coefficients were seen as quite high. Afterward, correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data. As a result, it has been observed that mobbing affects the employees' organizational commitment significantly and negatively.  Article visualizations

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT BETWEEN MOBBING AND TURNOVER INTENTION: AN APPLICATION ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TEACHERS

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating effect of organizational commitment between mobbing and turnover intention, on physical education and sports teachers. The study included 117 physical education and sports teachers. As the measurement tool, the mobbing scale developed by Yildiz (2019), the organizational commitment scale developed by Allen and Meyer (1990), and the turnover intention scale developed by Landau and Hammer (1986) were used. As a result of the analysis, while mobbing affects organizational commitment significantly and negatively, it has affected turnover intention significantly and positively. It was also observed that organizational commitment has a partial mediating effect between mobbing and turnover intention.  Article visualizations

Robustness of One-Dimensional Photonic Bandgaps Under Random Variations of Geometrical Parameters

The supercell method is used to study the variation of the photonic bandgaps in one-dimensional photonic crystals under random perturbations to thicknesses of the layers. The results of both plane wave and analytical band structure and density of states calculations are presented along with the transmission cofficient as the level of randomness and the supercell size is increased. It is found that higher bandgaps disappear first as the randomness is gradually increased. The lowest bandgap is found to persist up to a randomness level of 55 percent.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review B on April 8 200

Speciational view of macroevolution: are micro and macroevolution decoupled?

We introduce a simple computational model that, with a microscopic dynamics driven by natural selection and mutation alone, allows the description of true speciation events. A statistical analysis of the so generated evolutionary tree captures realistic features showing power laws for frequency distributions in time and size. Albeit these successful predictions, the difficulty in obtaining punctuated dynamics with mass extinctions suggests the necessity of decoupling micro and macro-evolutionary mechanisms in agreement with some ideas of Gould's and Eldredge's theory of punctuated equilibrium.Comment: Europhys. Lett. 75:342--34

Assembly line balancing by using axiomatic design principles: An application from cooler manufacturing industry

[EN] The philosophy of production without waste is the fundamental belief behind lean manufacturing that should be adopted by enterprises. One of the waste elimination methods is assembly line balancing for lean manufacturing, i.e. Yamazumi. The assembly line balancing is to assign tasks to the workstations by minimizing the number of workstations to the required values. There should be no workstation with the excessively high or low workload, and all workstations must ideally work with balanced workloads. Accordingly, in this study, the axiomatic design method is applied for assembly line balancing in order to achieve maximum output with the installed capacity. In order to achieve this aim, all improvement opportunities are defined and utilized as an output of the study. Computational results indicate that the proposed method is effective to reduce operators’ idle time by 12%, imbalance workload between workstations by 38%, and the total number of workers by 12%. As a result of these improYilmaz, ÖF.; Demirel, ÖF.; Zaim, S.; Sevim, S. (2020). Assembly line balancing by using axiomatic design principles: An application from cooler manufacturing industry. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 8(1):31-43. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2020.11953OJS314381Ağpak, K , Gökçen, H , Saray, N , Özel, S . (2013). Stokastik Görev Zamanlı Tek Modelli U Tipi Montaj Hattı Dengeleme Problemleri İçin Bir Sezgisel. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi , 17 (4). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gazimmfd/issue/6654/89311Alcorta, L. (1999). Flexible automation and location of production in developing countries. The European Journal of Development Research, 11(1), 147-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819908426731Babic, B. (1999). Axiomatic design of flexible manufacturing systems. International Journal of Production Research, 37(5), 1159-1173. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075499191454Black, J. 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Analysis of product design characteristics for remanufacturing using Fuzzy AHP and Axiomatic Design. Journal of Engineering Design, 28(5), 338-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2017.1316014Cochran, D. S., Eversheim, W., Kubin, G., Sesterhenn, M. L. (2000). The application of axiomatic design and lean management principles in the scope of production system segmentation. International Journal of Production Research,38(6), 1377-1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075400188906Dolgui, A., Ihnatsenka, I. (2009). Branch and bound algorithm for a transfer line design problem: Stations with sequentially activated multi-spindle heads.European Journal of Operational Research, 197(3), 1119-1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.03.028Durmusoglu, M. B., Satoglu, S. I. (2011). Axiomatic design of hybrid manufacturing systems in erratic demand conditions. International Journal of Production Research, 49(17), 5231-5261. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2010.510487Ertay, T., Satoğlu, S. I. (2012). System parameter selection with information axiom for the new product introduction to the hybrid manufacturing systems under dual-resource constraint. International Journal of Production Research, 50(7), 1825-1839. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.560205Ghosh, S., Gagnon, R. J. (1989). A comprehensive literature review and analysis of the design, balancing and scheduling of assembly systems. The International Journal of Production Research, 27(4), 637-670. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207548908942574Graves, S. C., Lamar, B. W. (1983). An integer programming procedure for assembly system design problems. Operations Research, 31(3), 522-545. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.31.3.522Gunasekera, J. S., Ali, A. F. (1995). A three-step approach to designing a metal-forming process. JOM, 47(6), 22-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03221198Guschinskaya, O., Dolgui, A., Guschinsky, N., Levin, G. (2008). A heuristic multi-start decomposition approach for optimal design of serial machining lines. European Journal of Operational Research, 189(3), 902-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.03.072Hager, T., Wafik, H., Faouzi, M. (2017). Manufacturing system design based on axiomatic design: Case of assembly line. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 10(1), 111-139. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.728Han, W. M., Zhao, J. L., Chen, Y. (2013). A Virtual Cellular Manufacturing System Design Model Based on Axiomatic Design Theory. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 271, pp. 1478-1484). Trans Tech Publications. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.271-272.1478Holzner, P., Rauch, E., Spena, P. R., Matt, D. T. (2015). Systematic Design of SME Manufacturing and Assembly Systems Based on Axiomatic Design.Procedia CIRP, 34, 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.010Houshmand, M., Jamshidnezhad, B. (2002). Conceptual design of lean production systems through an axiomatic approach. In Proceedings of ICAD2002 Second International Conference on Axiomatic Design.Houshmand, M., Jamshidnezhad, B. (2004). A lean manufacturing roadmap for an automotive body assembly line within axiomatic design framework. International Journal of Engineering Transactions, 17(1), 51-72.Houshmand, M., Jamshidnezhad, B. (2006). An extended model of design process of lean production systems by means of process variables. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 22(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2005.01.004Khandekar, A. V., Chakraborty, S. (2016). Application of fuzzy axiomatic design principles for selection of non-traditional machining processes. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 83(1-4), 529-543.Kulak, O., Durmusoglu, M. B., Tufekci, S. (2005). A complete cellular manufacturing system design methodology based on axiomatic design principles. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 48(4), 765-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2004.12.006Lipson, H., Suh, N. P. (2000). Towards a universal knowledge database for design automation. In Proceeding of ICAD2000, First International Conference on Axiomatic Design, pg (Vol. 250258, pp. 21-23).Matt, D. T. (2008). Template based production system design. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 19(7), 783-797. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410380810898741Matt, D. T. (2012). Application of Axiomatic Design principles to control complexity dynamics in a mixed-model assembly system: a case analysis.International Journal of Production Research, 50(7), 1850-1861. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.565086Matt, D. T. (2013). Design of a scalable assembly system for product variety: a case study. Assembly Automation, 33(2), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1108/01445151311306627McMullen, P. R., Frazier, G. V. (1998). Using simulated annealing to solve a multiobjective assembly line balancing problem with parallel workstations. International Journal of Production Research, 36(10), 2717-2741. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075498192454Nakao, M., Kobayashi, N., Hamada, K., Totsuka, T., Yamada, S. (2007). Decoupling executions in navigating manufacturing processes for shortening lead time and its implementation to an unmanned machine shop. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 56(1), 171-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.041Nordlund, M., Tate, D., Suh, N. P. (1996). Growth of axiomatic design through industrial practice. In 3rd CIRP Workshop on Design and the Implementation of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Tokyo, Japan (Vol. 6, pp. 77-84).Rauch, E., Spena, P. R., Matt, D. T. (2019). Axiomatic design guidelines for the design of flexible and agile manufacturing and assembly systems for SMEs. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 13(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-018-0460-1Reynal, V. A., Cochran, D. S. (1996). Understanding lean manufacturing according to axiomatic design principles.Suh, N. P. (1990). The principles of design (Vol. 990). New York: Oxford University Press.Suh, N. P. (1995). Designing-in of quality through axiomatic design. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 44(2), 256-264. https://doi.org/10.1109/24.387380Suh, N. P. (1997). Design of systems. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,46(1), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60779-3Suh, N. P. (2001). Axiomatic Design: Advances and Applications (The Oxford Series on Advanced Manufacturing).Vinodh, S., Aravindraj, S. (2012). Axiomatic modeling of lean manufacturing system. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(2), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/17260531211241185Yilmaz, O. F., Cevikcan, E., Durmusoglu, M. B. (2016). Scheduling batches in multi hybrid cell manufacturing system considering worker resources: A case study from pipeline industry. Advances in Production Engineering & Management, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.14743/apem2016.3.22

Gibt es eine Normbewegung im heterogenen Bewegungsablauf des linken Ventrikels

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Bewegungsablauf aller Wandregionen nach Maß und Zeit zu kartographisieren, um eine Grundlage für eine Bewertung eines gestörten Bewegungsablaufes in der Krankheitslehre zu schaffen. Für eine bessere Analyse der Kraftausbreitung innerhalb der Myokardwand scheint eine genaue Beobachtung der Verkürzungswege sinnvoller zu sein, um im Sinne der „Inversen Mechanik“, von “strain“ (Verkürzungsstrecke) auf “stress“ (Spannung) zu schließen und nicht umgekehrt. Somit wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht, wie gut die Aussage von MRT mit Blick auf die Verkürzungswege in der Myokardwand des linken Ventrikels ist. Die von uns mit der Magnetresonanztomographie an drei Schweinen erhobenen Befunde lassen erhebliche Heterogenitäten im Bewegungsablauf des linken Ventrikels in drei Ebenen nach Maß und Geschwindigkeit erkennen. Eine Normbewegung konnten wir nicht beobachten. Diese in der Arbeit belegten Beobachtungen können eine wichtige Rolle in der Energetik des Herzens und der langfristigen Funktion des Ventrikels sein