Customs of Rajus’ Community

The Rajus’ community migrated from Andhra Pradesh to South Tamilnadu and settled there permanently in the black soiled region before 600 years ago due to regimental changes. They engaged themselves in Agro-based occupation after their displacement. As they concentrated more on the clothing business, harvesting cotton had become their field of interest, and thus they adapted their lifestyle on the land of black soil.variety  of  rituals are followed by various communities globally. Accordingly, the communit people of the  Rajus'  follows several rituals from their birth to death. As part of their ritual, all the things invariably used on the occasions of ceremonies and their fixed lifestyle represent some hidden scientific facts. Those are researched and interpreted to prove the significance of rituals in human life which is strongly connected with nature. This research paper lays emphasis on the main aim of the customs and rituals of the humans. They are connected with the formidable factors strengthening the physical energy. Paying attention to the ancient rituals and customs are sadly on the decrease in the contemporary period. The evidence of diminished rituals can be seen in temples and their way of celebrating festivals. The purpose of the research is to manifest the necessity of restoring the significance of rituals framed scientifically by our ancestors. This research will positively help to discern the hidden scientific facts in the rituals for close and prompt follow up of the same

Combined effect of biopriming and polymer coating on chemical constituents of root exudation in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. K 2 seedlings

A study was carried out to analyze the different volatile compounds in bioprimed chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings of 15 and 30 day old. A common compound found in two stages of chilli seedlings was hydroxylamine, dimethoxydimethyl silane, hexadecanoic acid, 15-methyl- methyl ester. Majority of the compounds in bacterized seedlings had antimicrobial activity. The results on GCMS analysis revealed that, root exudates collected from 15 and 30 days old bacterized seedlings with B. amyloliquefaciens VB7 and polymer coating released more number of volatile compounds (65 and 20 compounds respectively) than control (5 and 15 compounds respectively). The root exudates of 15 day old seedling released more volatile compounds (65 nos) than 30 days (20 nos) old seedling

Enhancing the Efficiency of Attack Detection System Using Feature selection and Feature Discretization Methods

Intrusion detection technologies have grown in popularity in recent years using machine learning. The variety of new security attacks are increasing, necessitating the development of effective and intelligent countermeasures. The existing intrusion detection system (IDS) uses Signature or Anomaly based detection systems with machine learning algorithms to detect malicious activities. The Signature-based detection rely only on signatures that have been pre-programmed into the systems, detect known attacks and cannot detect any new or unusual activity. The Anomaly based detection using supervised machine learning algorithm detects only known threats. To address this issue, the proposed model employs an unsupervised machine learning approach for detecting attacks. This approach combines the Sub Space Clustering and One Class Support Vector Machine algorithms and utilizes feature selection methods such as Chi-square, as well as Feature Discretization Methods like Equal Width Discretization to identify both known and undiscovered assaults. The results of the experiments using proposed model outperforms several of the existing system in terms of detection rate and accuracy and decrease in the computational time

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Infection Control Measures among Staff Nurses in Annammal Hospital at Kanyakumari District

INTRODUCTION: Good health depends in part on a safe environment. Practices or techniques that control or prevent transmission of infection and protect clients and health care workers from disease. Clients in all health care settings are at risk for acquiring infections because of lower resistance to infectious microorganisms, increased exposure to numbers of disease causing microorganisms and invasive procedures. By practicing infection prevention and control techniques, the nurse can avoid spreading microorganisms to clients. Infection is defined as the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. An infection may remain in local area is called localized infection, and infection that spread through the blood or body is called systemic infection. The term "nosocomial" comes from two Greek words: "nosus" meaning "disease" + "komeion" meaning "to take care of." Hence, "nosocomial" should apply to any disease contracted by a patient while under medical care. Nosocomial infections are infections that have been caught in a hospital and are potentially caused by organisms that are resistant to antibiotics. A nosocomial infection is specifically one that was not present or incubating prior to the patient's being admitted to the hospital, but occurring within 48 hours after admittance to the hospital. Nosocomial infections, also known as health care-associated infections, are those that an individual develops as a result of being hospitalized. Common hospital infections include those of the urinary tract, the bloodstream, and the respiratory system. Simonetti A et.al (2003) conducted a study on a prospective cohort study on intensive care acquired infection. The study was conducted with 335 patients, 80 developed ICU acquired infection. The study findings concluded that among the patients with ICU acquired infections hospital mortality was higher percentage, regardless of whether or not the patients had infection on admission. Maria Pavia et.al (2000) conducted a study on the prevalence of hospital acquire infection in Calabria (Italy).The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different variables on hospital acquired infection in 888 patient present in a ward for at least 24 hours and not due for discharge or transfer on the day of the survey. The overall prevalence of hospital acquired infection was 1•7% and urinary tract and surgical wounds were the most frequent sites (each four patients, 26•7%). In only eight (53•3%) of the fifteen hospital acquired infection detected, had a microbiological examination been requested and the only two positive culture results involved Pseudomonas aeruginosa (surgical site) and Escherichia coli (urinary tract). STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: “A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control measures among staff nurses in Annammal Hospital at Kanyakumari District”. OBJECTIVES: 1. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding infection control measures by comparing pretest and posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice of staff nurse. 2. To associate the posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice on infection control measures among staff nurses with selected demographic variable. HYPOTHESES: H1-There will be a significant difference between pretest and posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control measures among staff nurses. H2-.There will be a significant association between posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control measures and the selected demographic variables. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted by checking knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control measures among 30 staff nurses. The questionnaire, attitude, statement by 3 point likert scale and the check list were used to obtain necessary data, structured teaching programme was given the next day of pretest and posttest was administered after 7days of structured teaching programme, the same questionnaire was used to collect the post test data. DATA ANALYSIS: Paired ‘t’ test was used to compare the pretest and posttest level of knowledge attitude and practice among staff nurses, Karl persons correlation coefficient test was used to find out the relationship between the post test level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: 1. Effectiveness of structured teaching program of knowledge, attitude and practice of staff nurses regarding infection control measures by comparing pretest and posttest level. Regarding the effectiveness, the posttest mean and standard deviation was greater than pretest mean and standard deviation for knowledge, attitude and practice. The p value is 0.001 which is highly significant. Hence, the H1 is accepted. 2. Relationship between post test level of knowledge, attitude and practice on infection control measure among staff nurses with socio demographic variables The data pertaining to association shows there is no association between level of knowledge with socio demographic variables but there is as association with level of attitude and practice with socio demographic variables. Hence, H2 was accepted. RESULT AND SUMMARY: The study concluded to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding infection control measures among staff nurses. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness by comparing pretest and posttest level of knowledge, attitude and practice, to associate the post test level of knowledge, attitude and practice on infection control measures among staff nurses with selected socio demographic variables. Convenient sampling technique was used to draw 30 samples from the study population. Structured knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale, observational checklist was used to evaluate the pre test, and structured teaching was given and post test was done to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice. After analysis and interpretation it was inferred, that structured teaching is effective. CONCLUSION: The study findings, revealed that the structured teaching programme helps to improve knowledge attitude and practice of staff nurses regarding infection control measures and the study reveals, that there is relationship between posttest level of attitude and practice, except level of knowledge

Credit policy and credit appraisal of canara bank using ratio analysis

Credit appraisal is an important activity carried out by the credit department of the bank to determine whether to accept or reject the proposal for finance. The article deals in banking such as working capital and its management, working capital methods of assessment, compilation of credit reports. The study included working capital, working capital cycle and working capital management of Canara Bank. The methods that are used by the banks in order to calculate the loan limits are Turnover method, MBPF system and Cash budget system. The financial statements were taken for a period of five years from 1st April 2007 to 31st March 2012. The Profit and loss account and Balance sheet were analyzed. The firm’s financial performance is analyzed through ratio analyses. The study shows Canara bank has sound system for credit appraisal and the bank has good parameters to appraise the project

Effect of pulse sprout spray as a foliar nutrition to enhance seed yield and quality in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea l.)

Millets are rich in valuable nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibre, minerals and vitamins. The uninterrupted and disproportionate use of chemical fertilizers over a longer period has resulted in deterioration of soil health and reduced yield.  Foliar spray is a very easy way to supply valuable nutrients to plants. With this background, an experiment was conducted to see the effect of pulse sprout extract spray as a foliar spray on the seed crop Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea L.). The seed crop given foliar treatment with 2% horse gram pulse sprout extract spray recorded higher growth attributes namely plant height (172.8 cm), total chlorophyll content (1.560 mg/g) and yield attributes viz., seed yield per plant (26.5 g), seed yield per plot (2.54 kg), seed yield per hectare (2506 kg), 1000 seed weight (3.28 g), quality parameters viz., germination (89%), vigour index (2461) and biochemical parameters of resultant seeds in both kharif and rabi seasons. The crop given with foliar nutrition of 2% horse gram sprout extract spray showed a low number of days to flower initiation (45 days) and 50% flowering (54 days) when compared to control followed by 2% cowpea sprout extract. Hence it was hypothesized that application of the nutrient extract from the sprouted pulses in the form of foliar spray would enable better crop growth and productivity of Barnyard millet

COMBINED EFFECT OF SELECTIVE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANT ORIGIN IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF ANXIETY

Objective: Evidence is emerging that specific combinations of bioactive compounds may be far more effective in protecting against several diseases as compared to the effect of a single compound. The present study was aimed to investigate the interactive effect of Diosgenin and Silymarin, the bioactive compounds from plant origin in an animal model of anxiety. Methods: Albino wistar rats of either sex were divided into five groups and treated for 5 d. Group I and II served as control and standard and test groups were treated with Diosgenin (100 mg/kg, p. o.), Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p. o.) and combination of Diosgenin (50 mg/kg, p. o.)+Silymarin (50 mg/kg, p. o.), respectively. Diazepam (1 mg/kg, i. p.) was used as a standard for the study. Anxiolytic effects were studied in the Elevated plus-maze, Hole-board test and Light/Dark model. Results: The results suggested that Diosgenin when given alone at a dose of 100 mg/kg, does not shown significant anxiolytic effect when as compared with control. Whereas, the compound Silymarin (100 mg/kg) shown significant anti-anxiety effect (P<0.01), independently. The same two bioactive compounds, given in combination at a dose of 50 mg/kg, (each), exhibited significant anxiolytic-like effect, potentially. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Diosgenin has got a synergistic effect on anti-anxiety action when given in combination with Silymarin