Electropulse Compaction of Metal Shavings and Waste Products

A promising way to develop efficient technologies for obtaining materials with a new level of properties is the use of high-intensity energy flows as a technological tool, incl. electric current. Electropulse compaction (briquetting) of metal waste ensures their rational processing and obtaining cheap porous materials and products. As atechnological tool, an electric current of high density is used

Metal Grain Prodaction Bay Hight Density Electric Current Use

Methods of receiving metal grain and granules of high purity are provided. The main advantage of the proposed methods is the possibility of obtaining granules of high purity due to the use of a clean energy carrier - electric current and a clean granulation medium: vacuum, gas, liquid, incl. conductive flux

Insect haptoelectrical stimulation of Venus flytrap triggers exocytosis in gland cells

The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula captures insects and consumes their flesh. Prey contacting touch-sensitive hairs trigger traveling electrical waves. These action potentials (APs) cause rapid closure of the trap and activate secretory functions of glands, which cover its inner surface. Such prey-induced haptoelectric stimulation activates the touch hormone jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway, which initiates secretion of an acidic hydrolase mixture to decompose the victim and acquire the animal nutrients. Although postulated since Darwin’s pioneering studies, these secretory events have not been recorded so far. Using advanced analytical and imaging techniques, such as vibrating ion-selective electrodes, carbon fiber amperometry, and magnetic resonance imaging, we monitored stimulus-coupled glandular secretion into the flytrap. Trigger-hair bending or direct application of JA caused a quantal release of oxidizable material from gland cells monitored as distinct amperometric spikes. Spikes reminiscent of exocytotic events in secretory animal cells progressively increased in frequency, reaching steady state 1 d after stimulation. Our data indicate that trigger-hair mechanical stimulation evokes APs. Gland cells translate APs into touch-inducible JA signaling that promotes the formation of secretory vesicles. Early vesicles loaded with H⁺ and Cl⁻ fuse with the plasma membrane, hyperacidifying the “green stomach”-like digestive organ, whereas subsequent ones carry hydrolases and nutrient transporters, together with a glutathione redox moiety, which is likely to act as the major detected compound in amperometry. Hence, when glands perceive the haptoelectrical stimulation, secretory vesicles are tailored to be released in a sequence that optimizes digestion of the captured animal

Анализ функционального состояния мышц челюстно-лицевой области у стоматологических пациентов с признаками бруксизма в сочетании с синдромом обструктивного апноэ во сне

Using the electromyography data, the functional state of the maxillofacial region muscles of dental patients with bruxism signs and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was defined. After dental treatment, 122 patients aged 25–47 with bruxism signs and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and without it were examined. The disease duration was about 5 years. All patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 41 patients, whose bruxism signs were not combined with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The second group included 81 patients with the bruxism signs and the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. When performing surface electromyography of the maxillofacial region muscles (temporal, chewing, medial digastric) of the both-group patients at rest without load the differences in the bioelectric activity indicators were not observed. The indicator difference between the comparison groups appeared when conducting functional load tests that were expressed through the amplitude difference during tooth compression under the functional activity of the temporal and digastric muscles. Such data illustrate that the patients of the first group have bigger functional compensation than the patients of the second group. There also occurs cross compensation of temporal and digastric muscles. It is expressed symmetrically.На основании данных электромиографии у стоматологических пациентов с признаками бруксизма, страдающих синдромом обструктивного апноэ во сне, определяли функциональное состояние мышц челюстно-лицевой области. В исследовании приняли участие 122 пациента после стоматологического лечения в возрасте 25–47 лет с признаками бруксизма в сочетании с синдромом обструктивного апноэ во сне и без него. Давность заболевания составляла до 5 лет. Все пациенты были разделены на две группы. Первая группа составила 41 человек и включала пациентов, у которых признаки бруксизма не сочетались с синдромом обструктивного апноэ во сне. Вторая группа включала 81 человека, у которых наблюдали признаки бруксизма и синдром обструктивного апноэ во сне. При проведении поверхностной электромиографии мышц челюстно-лицевой области (височных, жевательных, медиальных двубрюшных) у пациентов обеих групп в покое без нагрузки отличий показателей биоэлектрической активности не наблюдалось. Разница показателей между группами сравнения появлялась при проведении проб с функциональной нагрузкой, которые выражались разностью амплитуд во время сжатия зубов у височной и двубрюшной мышц. Такие данные свидетельствуют о том, что пациенты первой группы имеют функциональную компенсацию больше, чем пациенты второй группы, а также происходит перекрестная компенсация функциональной активности височной и двубрюшной мышц, которая выражена симметрично

Charge transport mechanisms in the arrays of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Electronic and magnetotransport properties of carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention due to they importance in verification of existing theories of modern condenced matter physics and number of possible applications. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have unique structure and show metallic or semiconducting properties in dependence of their diameter and chirality. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are more complicated systems. They consist of a several shells of different diameter and chirality. Due to weak coupling between the shells the conductivity in a bulkcontacted MWCNTs is defined mostly by the outermost shells. For possibility of commercial manufacturing of carbon nanotubes based sensors and devices the development of fabrication methods of carbon nanotube arrays is of great importance. The intertubes barriers and defects play an essential role in the electrical transport properties of the carbon nanotube arrays. Therefore different charge transport mechanisms can be observed in the arrays of nanotubes: metallic conductivity, variable range hopping (VRH), weak localization (WL), fluctuation induced tunneling. Combination of various mechanisms is possible as well. Different types of moфhology of carbon nanotubes arrays are proposed: bundles, networks, fibers, mats etc. We present here magnetotransport properties of the thing layers of MWCNTs

Analyzing D2D mobility: Framework for steady communications and outage periods prediction

The use of direct device-to-device (D2D) communications is expected to drastically increase the spatial frequency reuse significantly improving the capacity of forthcoming fifth generation (5G) cellular systems. The number of D2D pairs operating within the same channel that can be supported in a certain area of interest is limited by the interference imposed by them on each other. In an inherently mobile environment where the users are constantly mobile the decision on enabling a certain number of direct connections should not only be based on the static interference picture but shall consider the changes in the signal-to-interference ratio caused by the user mobility. These changes manifest themselves into steady communications and outages time periods interchanging each other. In this paper, the statistical characteristics of the user mobility periods as a function of the D2D communications range, speed of users, number of communicating pairs and the area of interest is characterized utilizing the generic approach based on the Fokker-Plank equation. We show that although the time-evolution equation for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of SIR can be written in explicit form for non-stationary movements of nodes, the solution cannot be obtained in closed-form. Using the mixed simulation-analytic approach we propose a generic methodology for performance assessment of time-dependent characteristics such as steady communications and outage time periods.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Analyzing D2D Mobility: Framework for steady communications and outage periods prediction

The use of direct device-to-device (D2D) communications is expected to drastically increase the spatial frequency reuse significantly improving the capacity of forthcoming fifth generation (5G) cellular systems. The number of D2D pairs operating within the same channel that can be supported in a certain area of interest is limited by the interference imposed by them on each other. In an inherently mobile environment where the users are constantly mobile the decision on enabling a certain number of direct connections should not only be based on the static interference picture but shall consider the changes in the signal-to-interference ratio caused by the user mobility. These changes manifest themselves into steady communications and outages time periods interchanging each other. In this paper, the statistical characteristics of the user mobility periods as a function of the D2D communications range, speed of users, number of communicating pairs and the area of interest is characterized utilizing the generic approach based on the Fokker-Plank equation. We show that although the time-evolution equation for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of SIR can be written in explicit form for non-stationary movements of nodes, the solution cannot be obtained in closed-form. Using the mixed simulation-analytic approach we propose a generic methodology for performance assessment of time-dependent characteristics such as steady communications and outage time periods. © 2017 IEEE

Charge transport mechanisms in the arrays of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Electronic and magnetotransport properties of carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention due to they importance in verification of existing theories of modern condenced matter physics and number of possible applications. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have unique structure and show metallic or semiconducting properties in dependence of their diameter and chirality. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are more complicated systems. They consist of a several shells of different diameter and chirality. Due to weak coupling between the shells the conductivity in a bulkcontacted MWCNTs is defined mostly by the outermost shells. For possibility of commercial manufacturing of carbon nanotubes based sensors and devices the development of fabrication methods of carbon nanotube arrays is of great importance. The intertubes barriers and defects play an essential role in the electrical transport properties of the carbon nanotube arrays. Therefore different charge transport mechanisms can be observed in the arrays of nanotubes: metallic conductivity, variable range hopping (VRH), weak localization (WL), fluctuation induced tunneling. Combination of various mechanisms is possible as well. Different types of moфhology of carbon nanotubes arrays are proposed: bundles, networks, fibers, mats etc. We present here magnetotransport properties of the thing layers of MWCNTs

Plant Cell Death Caused by Fungal, Bacterial, and Viral Elicitors: Protective Effect of Mitochondria-Targeted Quinones

The strategy of innate immunity in humans and animals is as follows: cell receptors recognize the conservative molecular structures of large groups of pathogens, i.e. pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) 1322 Abbreviations: DCF, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein; DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate; EC, epidermal cells; ETI, effectortriggered immunity; GC, guard cells; HR, hypersensitive response; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PCD, programmed cell death; PG, peptidoglycan; PI, propidium iodide; PTI, PAMP-triggered immunity; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SkQ1, 10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decyl triphenylphosphonium; SkQ3, 10-(6′-methylplastoquinonyl)decyl triphenylphosphonium; TMV, tobacco mosaic virus. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Abstract-Chitosan (partially deacetylated chitin), a component of fungal cell walls, caused epidermal cell (EC) death in the leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and tobacco Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana benthamiana detected by destruction of cell nuclei. The mitochondria-targeted quinone SkQ1 prevented the destruction of EC nuclei induced by chitosan. Chitosan increased and SkQ1 suppressed the activity of protein kinases in N. benthamiana and P. sativum and eliminated the effect of chitosan. Chitosan induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the guard cells (GC) of pea plants. Treatment with chitosan or H 2 O 2 did not cause destruction of GC nuclei; however, it resulted in disruption of the permeability barrier of the plasma membrane detected by propidium iodide fluorescence. Treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide but not peptidoglycan caused destruction of pea EC nuclei, which was prevented by SkQ1. Leaves of tobacco plants containing the N gene responsible for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. These cells contained a genetic construct with the gene of the helicase domain of TMV replicase (p50); its protein product p50 is a target for the N-gene product. As a result, the hypersensitive response (HR) was initiated. The HR manifested itself in the death of leaves and was suppressed by SkQ3. Treatment of tobacco epidermal peels with the A. tumefaciens cells for the p50 gene expression stimulated the destruction of EC nuclei, which was inhibited by SkQ1 or SkQ3. The p50-lacking A. tumefaciens cells did not induce the destruction of EC nuclei. The protective effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants SkQ1 and SkQ3 demonstrates the involvement of mitochondria and their ROS in programmed cell death caused by pathogen elicitors. Plant Cell Deat