Effect of electron-phonon interaction on the shift and attenuation of optical phonons

Using the Boltzmann equation for electrons in metals, we show that the optical phonons soften and have a dispersion due to screening in agreement with the results reported recently [M. Reizer, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 61}, 40 (2000)]. Additional phonon damping and frequency shift arise when the electron--phonon interaction is properly included.Comment: 4 pages, late

LIBEL AND SLANDER-RADIO DEFAMATION-LIABILITY OF BROADCASTING COMPANY FOR DEFAMATORY STATEMENTS MADE OVER ITS FACILITIES

During a radio program, a lessee of broadcasting facilities read previously prepared statements regarding a public official which were defamatory per se. In an action for defamation against the broadcasting company, defendant attacked the complaint as insufficient in failing to allege negligence. Held, the allegation of negligence is essential, but the complaint was sufficient. Kelly v. Hoffman, (N.J. 1948) 61 A. (2d) 143

Putting the glue in glia: Necls mediate Schwann cell–axon adhesion

Interactions between Schwann cells and axons are critical for the development and function of myelinated axons. Two recent studies (see Maurel et al. on p. 861 of this issue; Spiegel et al., 2007) report that the nectin-like (Necl) proteins Necl-1 and -4 are internodal adhesion molecules that are critical for myelination. These studies suggest that Necl proteins mediate a specific interaction between Schwann cells and axons that allows proper communication of the signals that trigger myelination

AlGaInN Laser Diode Technology for Systems Applications

Gallium Nitride (GaN) laser diodes fabricated from the AlGaInN material system is an emerging technology that allows laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide wavelength range from u.v. to the visible, and is a key enabler for the development of new system applications such as (underwater and terrestrial) telecommunications, quantum technologies, display sources and medical instrumentation

Основні етапи розвитку криміналістичної техніки в експертних установах МВС України

The concept, classification and system of criminal investigation technique have been studied. The concept, structure and main tasks of the Expert service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (hereinafter – MIA) of Ukraine have been highlighted. The history of the development of expert departments of Internal Affairs Agencies has been analyzed. The author has provided own classification of the stages of the development of criminal investigation technique within expert institutions of the MIA of Ukraine, taking into account the structure of the state, where they were: 1) pre-Soviet stage – creation of conditions for the organization of expert institutions (up to 1917); 2) Soviet stage (from 1917 to 1991); the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of Ukrainian SSR dated from April 15, 1919 on the organization of a forensic and criminal investigation laid the beginning of the revival of forensic institutions; preconditions of forensic techniques and methods for the implementation into practice of fighting against crime were created, namely activity of registration offices was renewed; 3) post-Soviet stage (from 1991 to 2015) – post-Soviet system of expert institutions remaining, but there were attempts to change it; 4) the stage of modern development (from 2015 to the present time), which is marked with the beginning of major changes in the system of expert institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Preconditions for improving service activities, increasing the effectiveness of using forensic means during the pre-trial investigation and during forensic activity are created at the present stage of the development of criminal investigation technique within expert institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.Розглянуто поняття, класифікацію та систему криміналістичної техніки. Висвітлено поняття, структуру й основні завдання Експертної служби МВС України. Проаналізовано історію розвитку експертних підрозділів органів внутрішніх справ. Запропоновано авторську класифікацію етапів розвитку криміналістичної техніки в експертних установах МВС України

Set of Classical PCRs for Detection of Mutations in Candida glabrata FKS Genes Linked with Echinocandin Resistance

Clinical echinocandin resistance among Candida glabrata strains is increasing, especially in the United States. Antifungal susceptibility testing is considered mandatory to guide therapeutic decisions. However, these methodologies are not routinely performed in the hospital setting due to their complexity and the time needed to obtain reliable results. Echinocandin failure in C. glabrata is linked exclusively to Fks1p and Fks2p amino acid substitutions, and detection of such substitutions would serve as a surrogate marker to identify resistant isolates. In this work, we report an inexpensive, simple, and quick classical PCR set able to objectively detect the most common mechanisms of echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata within 4 h. The usefulness of this assay was assessed using a blind collection of 50 C. glabrata strains, including 16 FKS1 and/or FKS2 mutants.Fil: Dudiuk, Catiana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Gamarra, Maria Soledad. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Leonardelli, Florencia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Jimenez Ortigoza, Cristina. State University of New Jersey; Estados UnidosFil: Vitale, Roxana Gabriela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Afeltra, Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Perlin, David S.. State University of New Jersey; Estados UnidosFil: Garcia, Guillermo Manuel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Ion pumps as targets for therapeutic intervention: Old and new paradigms

The development of an effective target for therapeutic intervention remains a critical part of the drug discovery process. One such target class is the P-type ion translocating ATPases, which include the Na+,K+-ATPase of cardiac cells and the H+,K+-ATPase of gastric parietal cells. These enzymes serve as selective targets for digoxin and omeprazole, which are used to treat heart disease and gastrointestinal ulcers, and are two of the leading prescribed therapeutics worldwide. It is the exquisite selectivity that can be achieved between family members that continues to make the P-type enzymes desirable targets for developing new therapeutics including a new generation of antiulcer therapeutic and a new class of antifungal therapeutic

Lateral grating DFB AlGaInN laser diodes for optical communications and atomic clocks

AlGaInN laser diode technology is of considerable interest for telecom applications and next generation atomic optical clocks based on Sr (by using 422nm & 461nm) and Rb at 420.2nm.Very narrow linewidths (<1MHz) are required for such applications. We report lateral gratings on AlGaInN ridge waveguide laser diodes to achieve a single wavelength device with a good side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) that is suitable for atomic clock and telecom applications

Free-space and underwater GHz data transmission using AlGaInN laser diode technology

Laser diodes fabricated from the AlGaInN material system is an emerging technology for defence and security applications; in particular for free space laser communication. Conventional underwater communication is done acoustically with very slow data rates, short reach, and vulnurable for interception. AlGaInN blue-green laser diode technology allows the possibility of both airbourne links and underwater telecom that operate at very fast data rates (GHz), long reach (100’s of metres underwater) and can also be quantum encrypted. The latest developments in AlGaInN laser diode technology are reviewed for defence and security applications. The AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide range of wavelengths from u.v., ~380nm, to the visible ~530nm, by tuning the indium content of the laser GaInN quantum well. Ridge waveguide laser diode structures are fabricated to achieve single mode operation with optical powers of <100mW. Visible light communications at high frequency (up to 2.5 Gbit/s) using a directly modulated 422nm Galliumnitride (GaN) blue laser diode is reported in free-space and underwate