Decision Making in Optimizing a Product of a Small Scale Industry: A Bayesian Analysis Approach

This paper intends to find Expected monetary value (EMV), Expected opportunity loss (EOL) and conditional profit of the main product (Mukta) of a small scale industry–“ORGAMAN” situated at Jorhat District of Assam. To meet the above specific objectives, the method of Bayesian Analysis has been adopted. The data used in this endeavor is secondary in nature, collected by direct personal investigation. As per prior information, the target of the industry is to produce a minimum of 50 MT (low production) of product and a maximum of 350 MT (high production) of the same per month. The prior analysis reveals that the expected monetary value and expected opportunity loss are optimum against high production. Based on both the prior analysis and posterior analysis, it is observed that the profit for the product of the industry is maximum against high production of 350 MT per month. Although, the profit based on posterior analysis is slightly high, it seems that the additional amount of money has to be spend to collect additional information for posterior analysis

A study on the modification of anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of aspirin by nifedipine

Abstract Introduction Aspirin has been used as an analgesic from time immemorial. But the recent advances on various aspects of it in reducing risk of various fatal and non fatal diseases warrant a re-look. Objective: This study has been undertaken to assess the anti inflammatory and analgesic action of aspirin and Nifedipine alone as well as in combination and their individual and synergistic effect as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. Materials and methods: The anti -inflammatory and anti -nociceptive effect of aspirin and nifedipine was studied in a group of albino rats of Sprague Dowly strain. Anti -inflammatory action of the drugs were tested in experimentally produced inflammatory model by injecting turpentine oil in to the synovial cavity of knee joint of rats and anti -nociceptive effect was studied by hot plate method . Results From the study it was observed that nifedipine alone was a better anti -inflammatory drug causing 40.10 percent reduction of experimentally produced inflammation in the studied rats on the 12th day of observation compared to aspirin alone(33.80 %) and aspirin -nifedipine combination (39.82%) but as an analgesic nifedipine alone (51.20%) was not found to be as effective as aspirin(88.96%) at 90 minutes of observation. However, when nifedipine was combined with aspirin, it potentiated the anti -nociceptive action of aspirin (107.64 %) at 90 minutes of observation which was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The above finding demonstrated that the dose of Non Steroidal Anti -inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) probably could be reduced when it is combined with Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) and thus the adverse effect of NSAIDs could be reduced considerably. Student's t test was applied for statistical analysis

High Resolution Methylome Map of Rat Indicates Role of Intragenic DNA Methylation in Identification of Coding Region

DNA methylation is crucial for gene regulation and maintenance of genomic stability. Rat has been a key model system in understanding mammalian systemic physiology, however detailed rat methylome remains uncharacterized till date. Here, we present the first high resolution methylome of rat liver generated using Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high throughput sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) approach. We observed that within the DNA/RNA repeat elements, simple repeats harbor the highest degree of methylation. Promoter hypomethylation and exon hypermethylation were common features in both RefSeq genes and expressed genes (as evaluated by proteomic approach). We also found that although CpG islands were generally hypomethylated, about 6% of them were methylated and a large proportion (37%) of methylated islands fell within the exons. Notably, we obeserved significant differences in methylation of terminal exons (UTRs); methylation being more pronounced in coding/partially coding exons compared to the non-coding exons. Further, events like alternate exon splicing (cassette exon) and intron retentions were marked by DNA methylation and these regions are retained in the final transcript. Thus, we suggest that DNA methylation could play a crucial role in marking coding regions thereby regulating alternative splicing. Apart from generating the first high resolution methylome map of rat liver tissue, the present study provides several critical insights into methylome organization and extends our understanding of interplay between epigenome, gene expression and genome stability

Outcome of manual hemorrhoidopexy in the management of hemorrhoids

Background:&nbsp;Manual hemorrhoidopexy is a new technique of treating second degree hemorrhoids. In contrast to the conventional resectional techniques (Milligan-Morgan), manual hemorrhoidopexy is a novel technique as described by T Carlo. It does not involve excision but plication with fixation of the prolapsing hemorrhoid. Objective:&nbsp;To study the outcome of manual hemorrhoidopexy and to compare manual hemorrhoidopexy with the traditional hemorrhoidectomy. Methods:&nbsp;This is a prospective study conducted over 16 months (January 2012 to April 2013) in the College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (COMS-TH), Bharatpur, Chitwan, Department of Surgery. The patients who presented with third degree internal-hemorrhoids on a random basis, and underwent either conventional hemorrhoidectomy (Group A) or Manual hemorrhoidopexy (Group B) by senior consultant surgeons were included. The patients who had external hemorrhoids in addition to internal were excluded. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics were evaluated. Results:&nbsp;Twenty five patients with median age group 42.5 years underwent conventional (Milligan-Morgan) hemorrhoidectomy (Group A) and 25 patients with mean age of 40.1 years underwent manual hemorrhoidopexy (Group B). Male patients were predominant in both groups. The patients in group A had more postoperative pain as compared to group B (as assessed by the visual analogue scale and requirement of post-operative analgesic) and this was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). There was no significant difference among the other post-operative urinary retention. Twelve percent (n=3) patients in group A had post-operative bleeding and only 4% (n=1) in group B which was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). Mean duration of hospital stay in group A was 2.5 days as compared to 1.5 day in group B. Median follow up in both the study group was 3 (2-4) months. Conclusion:&nbsp;Manual hemorrhoidopexy has comparable outcomes in term of postoperative analgesic requirement, and post operative complications. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-2, 15-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i2.9682</p

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172-174In crystals of o-thiobenzyl N,N-dibenzylaniline (I) (C27H25NS), there are three benzyl groups. N atom is two covalent with the C atoms of the two benzyl groups and the S atom is covalent with the C atom of the other benzyl group. The distances N1-C21, N1-C14 and S1-C7 have been found to be 1.489(4), 1.488(9) and 1.832(8)Å, respectively. The molecule is as a whole non-planar. The S1 and the N1 atoms make intramolecular hydrogen bonding. No intermolecular hydrogen bonding has been found and the molecules are stabilised by the network of Van der Waals interaction in their crystalline assembly

Caroli's Disease: A case report

Caroli's disease (CD) is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by dilatation of intra-hepatic bile ducts, recurrent cholangitis, formation of calculi inside these ducts with normal extra hepatic ducts and higher risk for cholangiocarcinoma. Association of this disease with congenital hepatic fibrosis is named as Caroli's syndrome. We reported 30 years old women with recurrent epigastric pain for 2 years with normal Liver function Test however involving both lobes of liver who developed cholangiocarcinoma approximately 6 months later. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-3, 51-54 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8685</p

Retrorectal tumors: report of two cases

Retrorectal tumor is uncommon identity presenting with nonspecific sign and symptoms making difficulty in diagnosis. Benign tumors are more common than malignant. The lesion may be malignant or progress to malignancy from benign state. Retrorectal masses in young women may continue to grow and result in dystocia. Cystic lesions are also at risk of becoming infected, which renders subsequent excision more difficult and increase the risk of recurrence. Cross-sectional imaging is required to determine the extent of resection and the appropriate surgical approach. Surgical removal leads to favorable outcomes for patients with benign purely cystic retrorectal tumors. We report two such benign rectal lesions. ] Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-4, 46-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i4.8701 &nbsp;</p