A Robust Tool for Monitoring and Synchronizing Smart Grid through Adaptive Comb Filter

The power system signals are often polluted with harmonics and noise as a result of nonlinear load. This non stationary signal has to be monitored carefuly before it propagates as a grid problem.This article describes the design of adaptive comb filter, extraction of amplitude, frequency and phase with respect to time for monitoring purpose and extraction of harmonic components for suppressing the contamination present in the signal for synchronization with smart grid. The adaptive comb filter algorithm is a synchronizing tool implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment.The response of the filter is compared with enhanced phased locked loop to describe the characteristics of adaptive comb filter.The algorithm tracks the transient (dynamic) and steady state behaviour of the signal effectively, efficiently and accurately

Plan-do-Check-Act Cycle: a Method to Improve Customer Satisfaction at a Municipal Council in Malaysia

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the use of PDCA methods in improving customer satisfaction at SP MUNICIPAL COUNCIL. Maintaining customer satisfaction is the main responsibility of my department as we are in charge of receiving complaints from the public and providing the best solution to the public. Since the major operation for SP MUNICIPAL COUNCIL is providing services to the public, it is crucial to solving any related issue regarding poor customer services and management by SP MUNICIPAL COUNCIL, long delays in solving issues from the public and others. Hence, using appropriate tools such as the PDCA method is one of the ways to achieve a continuous improvement process and improve the service quality for SP MUNICIPAL COUNCIL. The aim of this study is to overcome this issue and improve customer satisfaction, the quality of our services and reduce complaints from the public towards the management of SP MUNICIPAL COUNCIL by using the PDCA method.   Theoretical framework: Problem identification needs to be done to find the causes of customer complaints. From the findings, the factors that potentially cause the problem are customer services, workers, administration, and management system issues. Then, the next step is a repair process where the result after improvement, implementation and evaluation will be measured.   Design/methodology/approach: The method used for this study is the PDCA method in the literature review. The data of this study are compiled, analyzed and concluded, to obtain the results for the method in the literature review. The literature review compares several research papers that implement PDCA methods.   Findings: The findings show that Plan-Do-Act-Check method can give a positive impact on increasing service quality for SP MUNICIPAL COUNCIL. There are several solution and recommendation have been achieved after the discussion of the result. These solutions will help in overcome the issue faced by SP MUNICIPAL COUNCIL.   Research limitation/implication: This research only focuses on improving customer satisfaction at SP MUNICIPAL COUNCIL and only applies to departments that focus on customer services. Originality/value: This research contributes to existing literature and use new findings to overcome problem using PDCA method and fishbone analysis to identify the cause and effect of the problem

LOW POWER AND IMPROVED SPEED 1T DRAM USING DYNAMIC LOGIC

The new trend of the DRAM design is to characterize by its reliability, delay, low power dissipation, and area. This paper dealt with the design of 1-bit DRAM and efficient implementation of a sense amplifier. The proposed 1-bit DRAM designed using dynamic logic design. The proposed circuit consists of buffers, 1 transistor, and capacitor. The circuit is schematized by DSCH2 and layout designs are generated by Microwind CAD tool. The designed and proposed circuits are considered bypass logic and Boolean reduction technique that reduced number of transistors per designed cell logic. The circuits are simulated in various feature sizes namely CMOS 70 nm, CMOS 90 nm, CMOS 120nm and corresponding voltages 0.7 V, 1 V, 1.2 V respectively. Our proposed dynamic logic DRAM circuit has compared with the designed circuit and other existing circuits. Our proposed and designed circuit gives better results in terms of power dissipation, speed, and Area. (R-2) The projected 1-bit DRAM has an outcome and achieved low power 0.229 µW, the area of 22×13µm, the propagation delay of 21 ps and a speed of 0.17 GHz

Development of highly efficient cost-effective CdS/Ag nanocomposite for removal of azo dyes under UV and solar light

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Water pollution by toxic dyes is an environmental problem that threatens human health. A green technology to solve this problem is the use of highly efficient photocatalysts under visible/solar light to degrade these organic molecules. However, develop affordable photocatalytic particles with high luminescence performance, enhanced stability, and low degradation is still a challenge. Here, it is reported the hydrothermal synthesis of an advanced and cost-effective nanocomposite based on a ceramic, cadmium sulphide, covered by silver nanoparticles (CdS/Ag), with outstanding photocatalytic efficiency for toxic dyes degradation under ultraviolet and direct solar light. The CdS/Ag nanocomposite completely degrade the Reactive Red 120 (RR 120), Acid Black 1 (AB 1) and Direct Blue 15 (DB 15) dyes in both light irradiations. Without scavenger, about 93% of degradation was observed at 75 min, remaining a high stability (more than 90%) after fourth degradation cycles

Rational Design of Photoelectrodes for the Fully Integrated Polymer Electrode Membrane–Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting System: A Case Study of Bismuth Vanadate

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactors based on polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers are an attractive alternative to improve scalability compared to conventional monolithic devices. To introduce narrow band gap photoabsorbers such as BiVO4 in PEM-PEC system requires cost-effective and scalable deposition techniques beyond those previously demonstrated on monolithic FTO-coated glass substrates, followed by the preparation of membrane electrode assemblies. Herein, we address the significant challenges in coating narrow band gap metal-oxides on porous substrates as suitable photoelectrodes for the PEM-PEC configuration. In particular, we demonstrate the deposition and integration of W-doped BiVO4 on porous conductive substrates by a simple, cost-effective, and scalable deposition based on the SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) technique. The resultant W-doped BiVO4 photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 2.1 mA·cm–2, @1.23V vs RHE, the highest reported so far for the BiVO4 on any porous substrates. Furthermore, we integrated the BiVO4 on the PEM-PEC reactor to demonstrate the solar hydrogen production from ambient air with humidity as the only water source, retaining 1.55 mA·cm–2, @1.23V vs RHE. The concept provides insights into the features necessary for the successful development of materials suitable for the PEM-PEC tandem configuration reactors and the gas-phase operation of the reactor, which is a promising approach for low-cost, large-scale solar hydrogen production.</p

Plasma activated electrolysis for cogeneration of nitric oxide and hydrogen from water and nitrogen

With increasing global interest in renewable energy technology given the backdrop of climate change, storage of electrical energy has become particularly relevant. Most sustainable technologies (e.g., wind and solar) produce electricity intermittently. Thus, converting electrical energy and base molecules (i.e., H2O, N2) into energy-rich ones (e.g., H2, NH3) or chemical feedstock (e.g., NO) is of paramount importance. While H2O splitting is compatible with renewable electricity, N2 fixation is currently dominated by thermally activated processes. In this work, we demonstrate an all-electric route for simultaneous NO and H2 production. In our approach, H2O is reduced to H2 in the cathode of a solid oxide electrolyzer while NO is produced in the anode by the reaction of O2– species (transported via the electrolyte) and plasma-activated N2 species. High faradaic efficiencies up to 93% are achieved for NO production at 650 °C, and NO concentration is &gt;1000 times greater than the equilibrium concentration at the same temperature and pressure.</p

Divacancy superstructures in thermoelectric calcium-doped sodium cobaltate

We have grown single crystals of Na$_x$Ca$_y$CoO$_2$ and determined their superstructures as a function of composition using neutron and x-ray diffraction. Inclusion of Ca$^{2+}$ stabilises a single superstructure across a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. The superstructure in the Na$^+$ layers is based on arrays of divacancy clusters with Ca$^{2+}$ ions occupying the central site, and it has an ideal concentration Na$_{4/7}$Ca$_{1/7}$CoO$_2$. Previous measurements of the thermoelectric properties on this system are discussed in light of this superstructure. Na$_{4/7}$Ca$_{1/7}$CoO$_2$ corresponds to the maximum in thermoelectric performance of this system.Comment: Produced using Revtex 4.1 and pdflatex. 7 Pages, 6 figure