Device-Compatible Chiroptical Surfaces through Self-Assembly of Enantiopure Allenes

Chiroptical methods have been proven to be superior compared to their achiral counterparts for the structural elucidation of many compounds. To expand the use of chiroptical systems to everyday applications, the development of functional materials exhibiting intense chiroptical responses is essential. Particularly, tailored and robust interfaces compatible with standard device operation conditions are required. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of chiral allenes and their use for the functionalization of gold surfaces. The self-assembly results in a monolayer-thin room-temperature-stable upstanding chiral architecture as ascertained by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. Moreover, these nanostructures anchored to device-compatible substrates feature intense chiroptical second harmonic generation. Both straightforward preparation of the device-compatible interfaces along with their chiroptical nature provide major prospects for everyday applications

Device-Compatible Chiroptical Surfaces through Self-Assembly of Enantiopure Allenes

Chiroptical methods have been proven to be superior compared to their achiral counterparts for the structural elucidation of many compounds. To expand the use of chiroptical systems to everyday applications, the development of functional materials exhibiting intense chiroptical responses is essential. Particularly, tailored and robust interfaces compatible with standard device operation conditions are required. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of chiral allenes and their use for the functionalization of gold surfaces. The self-assembly results in a monolayer-thin room-temperature-stable upstanding chiral architecture as ascertained by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. Moreover, these nanostructures anchored to device-compatible substrates feature intense chiroptical second harmonic generation. Both straightforward preparation of the device-compatible interfaces along with their chiroptical nature provide major prospects for everyday applications.</p

Sustained Action of Developmental Ethanol Exposure on the Cortisol Response to Stress in Zebrafish Larvae and Adults

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedThis study was supported by the National Centre for the replacement, refinement and reduction of animals in research

Protocol Implementation Plan for Cave Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Great Plains Network, Narrative Version 1.0

Executive Summary The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network includes thirteen park units located in five northern Great Plains states across six ecoregions. Two park units, Jewel Cave National Monument (JECA) and Wind Cave National Park (WICA), protect significant cave resources. These two caves are among the longest caves in the world and have an assortment of underground water resources ranging from drip sites to cave lakes. Subsurface water quantity and quality in the caves is a concern due to groundwater depletion and groundwater contamination from pesticides (aboveground applications), hydrocarbons (vehicle use and related activities), and wastewater effluent (sewage systems). Proper monitoring of cave water quality is critical to protecting the resource and preventing it from surface pollution. The goal of the NGPN Cave Water Quality Protocol Implementation Plan is to determine the current condition and detect changes in select water quality parameters and contaminants in two significant groundwater lakes at both JECA and WICA. In collaboration with the parks, NGPN will monitor cave water quality using methods developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in the National Field Manual. The USGS methods are used to monitor surface and groundwater quality around the nation, and only minor modifications are required to adapt them for cave environments. Water quality samples will be collected from two groundwater lakes once every three years and analyzed by a USGS laboratory for physical characteristics, nutrients, hydrocarbons, and metals. The groundwater lake sites were chosen because they are important park resources, can be accessed reliably, and there is an existing record of water quality data. Reporting will consist of brief data reports every three years that summarize laboratory results. After nine years, a synthesis report will be completed. At this time, these water quality data can be compared to any other information pertaining to cave water collected by the parks during the same time period. Implementation of this protocol is designed to evolve over time, with a continual evaluation of site selection and water quality parameters to be measured as new cave passages and waterbodies are discovered

The southern churchill, Petrocephalus wesselsi, a new species of mormyrid from South Africa defined by electric organ discharges, genetics, and morphology

East African and south African churchills (Petrocephalus, Mormyridae) were synonymised in 1959 to become members of a single species of subcontinental, southern African distribution, Petrocephalus catostoma (G¨unther, 1866). By comparison with the type material for P. catostoma from the Ruvuma River and P. stuhlmanni from the Ruvu River, both of East African origin, we confirm the South African form of churchill to represent a new species, P. wesselsi, ranging from the northern Limpopo and Incomati systems south to the Pongola River (Natal) as its southern limit.We also compared churchills from the Sabie River (25 S, South Africa, Incomati system) with churchills from the Upper Zambezi River (17 S, Namibia), using electric organ discharges (EODs) and morphology. The duration of an EOD pulse of the South African form (N D 39; 943:2S:E: 18.82 s) is, on average, more than twice that of the Upper Zambezi form (N D 37; 436:6 15:1 s), and the amplitude of the second head-positive phase (P2 phase relative to P1 D 1) significantly weaker (0:133 0:0005 vs. 0:472 0:002 for Upper Zambezi males, 0:363 0:03 for Upper Zambezi females). In contrast to the Upper Zambezi form, the EOD of the South African form exhibits no difference between the sexes. Fish from the two origins differ significantly in 11 out of 14 anatomical characters studied, confirming molecular genetic differentiation on the species level