Constraints on Gauge Field Production during Inflation

In order to gain new insights into the gauge field couplings in the early universe, we consider the constraints on gauge field production during inflation imposed by requiring that their effect on the CMB anisotropies are subdominant. In particular, we calculate systematically the bispectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation induced by the presence of vector gauge fields during inflation. Using a model independent parametrization in terms of magnetic non-linearity parameters, we calculate for the first time the contribution to the bispectrum from the cross correlation between the inflaton and the magnetic field defined by the gauge field. We then demonstrate that in a very general class of models, the bispectrum induced by the cross correlation between the inflaton and the magnetic field can be dominating compared with the non-Gaussianity induced by magnetic fields when the cross correlation between the magnetic field and the inflaton is ignored.Comment: 34 pages, 4 figures. V2: notation improve

Coupled dark energy and dark matter from dilatation anomaly

Cosmological runaway solutions may exhibit an exact dilatation symmetry in the asymptotic limit of infinite time. In this limit, the massless dilaton or cosmon could be accompanied by another massless scalar field - the geon. At finite time, small time-dependent masses for both the cosmon and geon are still present due to imperfect dilatation symmetry. For a sufficiently large mass the geon will start oscillating and play the role of dark matter, while the cosmon is responsible for dark energy. The common origin of the mass of both fields leads to an effective interaction between dark matter and dark energy. Realistic cosmologies are possible for a simple form of the effective cosmon-geon-potential. We find an inverse geon mass of a size where it could reduce subgalactic structure formation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Partial duplication of the APBA2 gene in chromosome 15q13 corresponds to duplicon structures.

BackgroundChromosomal abnormalities affecting human chromosome 15q11-q13 underlie multiple genomic disorders caused by deletion, duplication and triplication of intervals in this region. These events are mediated by highly homologous segments of DNA, or duplicons, that facilitate mispairing and unequal cross-over in meiosis. The gene encoding an amyloid precursor protein-binding protein (APBA2) was previously mapped to the distal portion of the interval commonly deleted in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes and duplicated in cases of autism.ResultsWe show that this gene actually maps to a more telomeric location and is partially duplicated within the broader region. Two highly homologous copies of an interval containing a large 5' exon and downstream sequence are located approximately 5 Mb distal to the intact locus. The duplicated copies, containing the first coding exon of APBA2, can be distinguished by single nucleotide sequence differences and are transcriptionally inactive. Adjacent to APBA2 maps a gene termed KIAA0574. The protein encoded by this gene is weakly homologous to a protein termed X123 that in turn maps adjacent to APBA1 on 9q21.12; APBA1 is highly homologous to APBA2 in the C-terminal region and is distinguished from APBA2 by the N-terminal region encoded by this duplicated exon.ConclusionThe duplication of APBA2 sequences in this region adds to a complex picture of different low copy repeats present across this region and elsewhere on the chromosome

KAJIAN KANDUNGAN UNSUR HARA MIKRO Fe, Mn dan Zn PADA BERBAGAI KANTONG LUMPUR DI BENDUNGAN LOMAYA DAN ALOPOHU

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur hara Fe, Mn, Zn pada kantong lumpur pasir Bendungan Alopohu Lomaya. Penelitian dilakukan di dua Bendungan Lomaya yaitu Bendungan Bulango Bolango Kabupaten Bone Utara dan Bendungan Alopohu Bongomeme Kabupaten Gorontalo. Sampling diambil dari kantong lumpur pada titik koordinat Lomaya 00037'33.7N'' E123004'54.8'' dan Bendungan Alopohu diambil pada sediment trap (cekdam) di desa pada titik koordinat Iloponu 00040'01.6N'' E122 051' 14,3'. Waktu penelitian dimulai dari bulan Maret sampai April 2014 Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Analisis besi menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom, Mangan kami menggunakan Spektrohotometri Serapan Atom dan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom Seng. Analisis data di analisis menggunakan uji t membandingkan kandungan gizi dua kantong mudin terhadap objek pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kedua Damsand Alopohu Lomaya mengandung unsur hara Fe, Mn dan Zn. Rata-rata konsentrasi unsur hara pada mudbagdam Lomaya adalah Fe = 2253,6 (ppm), Mn =25,2 (ppm), Zn = 963,6 (ppm). Sedangkan rata-rata konsentrasi hara dalam kantong adalah sebagai ludgedam Alopohu Fe = 2357,6 (ppm), Mn = 27,8 (ppm), Zn = 723,3 (ppm). Dari hasil analisis statistik uji t menunjukkan bahwa kandungan hara rata-rata Bendungan kedua tidak nyata disproporsi pada parameter elyon Fe, Mn dan Zn. Rata-rata konsentrasi unsur hara pada mudbagdam Lomaya adalah Fe = 2253,6 (ppm), Mn =25,2 (ppm), Zn = 963,6 (ppm). Sedangkan rata-rata konsentrasi hara dalam kantong adalah sebagai ludgedam Alopohu Fe = 2357,6 (ppm), Mn = 27,8 (ppm), Zn = 723,3 (ppm). Dari hasil analisis statistik uji t menunjukkan bahwa kandungan hara rata-rata Bendungan kedua tidak nyata disproporsi pada parameter elyon Fe, Mn dan Zn. Rata-rata konsentrasi unsur hara pada mudbagdam Lomaya adalah Fe = 2253,6 (ppm), Mn =25,2 (ppm), Zn = 963,6 (ppm). Sedangkan rata-rata konsentrasi hara dalam kantong adalah sebagai ludgedam Alopohu Fe = 2357,6 (ppm), Mn = 27,8 (ppm), Zn = 723,3 (ppm). Dari hasil analisis statistik uji t menunjukkan bahwa kandungan hara rata-rata Bendungan kedua tidak nyata disproporsi pada parameter elyon Fe, Mn dan Zn

Kahler potentials for the MSSM inflation and the spectral index

Recently it has been argued that some of the fine-tuning problems of the MSSM inflation associated with the existence of a saddle point along a flat direction may be solved naturally in a class of supergravity models. Here we extend the analysis and show that the constraints on the Kahler potentials in these models are considerably relaxed when the location of the saddle point is treated as a free variable. We also examine the effect of supergravity corrections on inflationary predictions and find that they can slightly alter the value of the spectral index. As an example, for flat direction field values $|\bar{\phi}_0|=1\times10^{-4}M_P$ we find $n\sim0.92 ... 0.94$ while the prediction of the MSSM inflation without any corrections is $n\sim0.92$.Comment: 13 pages, one figure. Typos corrected and a reference adde

Sikiön liikehälytykset OYS:n naistentautien klinikassa v. 2014

Tiivistelmä. Liikelaskenta tarkoittaa odottajan itse suorittamaa sikiön liikkeiden laskentaa ja se ohjeistetaan Suomen neuvoloissa kaikille odottaville äideille suoritettavaksi tarvittaessa raskausviikon 32 jälkeen. Neuvoloissa kerrotaan myös sikiön normaalista liikehdinnästä ja sen yksilöllisyydestä. Sikiön liikkeiden väheneminen eli toisin sanoin liikehälytys voi olla merkki sikiön voinnin huononemisesta tai sikiön henkeä uhkaavasta tilasta. Tällaisia tiloja voivat olla esimerkiksi sikiön sairaus, anemia tai hapenpuute. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää liikehälytysten yleisyyttä, taustatekijöitä ja sitä, kuinka usein liikehälytyksen taustalla on jokin todellinen raskauskomplikaatio. Tutkimusaineistona käytettiin OYS:iin vuonna 2014 liikehälytyksen vuoksi hakeutuneita odottajia sekä odottajia, joilla todettiin sikiön kohdunsisäinen kuolema. Vertailuaineistona käytettiin OYS:n vuoden 2014 synnytysten kokonaistilastoja. Liikehälytyksiä oli enemmän ensisynnyttäjillä kuin uudelleensynnyttäjillä (7%:lla ensisynnyttäjistä vs. 3%:lla uudelleensynnyttäjistä). Liikehälytyksen vuoksi tutkituista odottajista jokin poikkeava löydös todettiin 19,7%:lla ja muu kuin rutiininomainen neuvolaseuranta ohjelmoitiin 45.2%:lle odottajista. Liikehälytyksen vuoksi tutkituista odottajista 14%:lla oli taustalla aiempi liikehälytys. Kohtukuolema todettiin 4.3%:lla liikehälytyksen vuoksi tutkituista odottajista, mutta yhdelläkään heistä ei ollut aiempaa liikehälytystä taustalla tässä raskaudessa. Liikehälytys ei siis aina kerro sikiön ahdinkotilasta riittävän ajoissa

Infiltrasi dan Aliran Permukaan sebagai Respon Perlakuan Konservasi Vegetatif pada Pertanaman Kakao

Cacao plant is one of the major commodities of plantation in South East Sulawesi, especially in Konawe regency. Practices of land management implemented by the local farmers to produce this cacao, in many cases are not according to soil and water conservation principles. The research was aimed to investigating the rate of infiltration and runoff on the loca farmers cacao cropping land at different slope as related to canopy cover. The research was conducted in Amosilu village, Besulutu district, Konawe regency, the province of South East Sulawesi, from December 2006 to September 2007. The experimental method with field study was applied in split plot design consisting three factors, namely (i) slope consisting two levels (10-15% and 40-45%) and (ii) age of the cacao plant consisting two levels (5 to 7 month and 25 to 27 month) were used as main plots (P1 = 5 to 7 month and 10-15%; P2 = 25 to 27 month and 10-15%; P3 = 5 to 7 month and 40-45%; and P4 = 25 to 27 month and 40-45%), while (iii) vegetative conservation treatment was used as sub plots consisting three levels, i.e T1 = cacao with disc clearing, T2 = dry field rice and soybean rotation within cacao plant, T3 = T2 + Arachis pintoi as strip plant. There was not interaction between both cacao plant and slope treatment with vegetative conservation treatment to water infiltration and runoff. The result showed that vegetative conservation treatment (T1) that is cacao with disc clearing was best alternative because they were produced the higher rate of total volume of infiltration(18.69 mm) and the lower rate of runoff (2715.44 m3 ha-1 year-1). Analysis of data with ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (P < 0,05) were done by using SAS program

Optimization of Cloud Task Processing with Checkpoint-Restart Mechanism

International audienceIn this paper, we aim at optimizing fault-tolerance tech- niques based on a checkpointing/restart mechanism, in the context of cloud computing. Our contribution is three-fold. (1) We derive a fresh formula to compute the optimal num- ber of checkpoints for cloud jobs with varied distributions of failure events. Our analysis is not only generic with no assumption on failure probability distribution, but also at- tractively simple to apply in practice. (2) We design an adaptive algorithm to optimize the impact of checkpointing regarding various costs like checkpointing/restart overhead. (3) We evaluate our optimized solution in a real cluster en- vironment with hundreds of virtual machines and Berke- ley Lab Checkpoint/Restart tool. Task failure events are emulated via a production trace produced on a large-scale Google data center. Experiments confirm that our solution is fairly suitable for Google systems. Our optimized formula outperforms Young's formula by 3-10 percent, reducing wall- clock lengths by 50-100 seconds per job on average

The 1-loop effective potential for the Standard Model in curved spacetime

The renormalisation group improved Standard Model effective potential in an arbitrary curved spacetime is computed to one loop order in perturbation theory. The loop corrections are computed in the ultraviolet limit, which makes them independent of the choice of the vacuum state and allows the derivation of the complete set of β-functions. The potential depends on the spacetime curvature through the direct non-minimal Higgs-curvature coupling, curvature contributions to the loop diagrams, and through the curvature dependence of the renormalisation scale. Together, these lead to significant curvature dependence, which needs to be taken into account in cosmological applications, which is demonstrated with the example of vacuum stability in de Sitter space