175 research outputs found

    The Bonebridge system – Our clinical experience /Case report/

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    Introduction: Bone conduction implants are a standard treatment option for patients with conductive or mixed, hearing loss. The Bonebridge system was introduced by MED-EL in 2012, and two years after its debut, it was used in more than 200 centers worldwide (6). For the first time the Bonebridge system was implanted in Bulgaria in 2015 by associated professor P. Rouev. The main audiological criteria for placement is conductive hearing loss, which is caused by atresia of the auditory canal or diseases of the middle ear with preserved bone conduction (below 45 dB), as well as unilateral hearing loss above 70 dB (contralateral hearing loss not more than 20 dB). The system does not penetrate the skin and consists of an internal part - an implant, which is placed completely under the skin, and an external part - a processor. The acoustic signal from the environment is transformed into mechanical vibrations that are transmitted to the mastoid bone. The expected results are an improved hearing threshold and better hearing in noisy environments.Methods: Our clinical experience with the Bonebridge system is based on three operated patients aged between 56 and 73 years. All three patients had evidence of bilateral conductive hearing loss. Here we present one of these cases.Results: Test results showed significant improvement in hearing sensitivity especially in frequencies round 1000 Hz.Conclusions: Bone conduction implants such as the Bonebridge system are an excellent treatment option for patients with bilateral conductive deafness. Bonebridge has good hearing results, relative simplicity, and low rate of complications. Experience has shown that the Bonebridge system is easy to use and highly reliable. The use of Bonebridge conduction implant system leads to a significant improvement in the quality of life

    The subgroup identification problem for finitely presented groups

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    We introduce the subgroup identification problem, and show that there is a finitely presented group G for which it is unsolvable, and that it is uniformly solvable in the class of finitely presented locally Hopfian groups. This is done as an investigation into the difference between strong and weak effective coherence for finitely presented groups.Comment: 11 pages. This is the version submitted for publicatio

    Monte Carlo simulation of electron kinetics in a hollow cathode discharge

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    A kinetic model is reported computing the electron behavior in a hollow cathode discharge based on the Monte Carlo technique. It is a part of the PLASIMO modelling toolkit. The model allows the electrons to be closely followed while they travel and undergo collisions in the discharge. The Monte Carlo modulewas applied to the case of a HCD used as an excitation medium of atoms obtained by laser ablation. Results are obtained on the electron energy distribution function and the mean electron energy under typical discharge conditions. The output data and future development of the model and its applications are analyzed and discussed

    Monte Carlo simulation of a sputtering hollow-cathode discharge for laser applications

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    We report on a kinetic model that computes the electron behaviour in a hollow cathode discharge. It is a part of the PLASIMO toolkit and is based on a Monte-Carlo technique. The model is tested by varying the input parameters and by comparing the output with the output obtained by the freeware Boltzmann equation solver BOLSIG+. The results show that the Monte-Carlo model gives reliable information about the behavior of the electrons in the discharge. The Monte-Carlo module is applied to the case of a hollow cathode discharge for laser applications. Analysis of the output data and its adequateness is done. Future developments of the model are discussed

    БтатистичСскоС исслСдованиС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ пСнсионной систСмы Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

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    In this article factors influencing the state and development of the pension system of the country are defined. Analysis of the structure and dynamics of the income of the state pension fund, including distribution of contributions to compulsory pension insurance by regions of the Russian Federation is carried out. Multidimensional classification of regions by aggregated factors defining the level of pension system revenues is proposed.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ влияниС Π½Π° состояниС ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ пСнсионной систСмы страны. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· структуры ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² государствСнного пСнсионного Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС распрСдСлСниС взносов Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ пСнсионноС страхованиС ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° многомСрная классификация Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ поступлСния Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ систСму

    Silver zeolite-loaded silicone elastomers: a multidisciplinary approach to synthesis and antimicrobial assessment

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    A multidisciplinary approach has been applied to the preparation of antibacterial Ag zeolite/silicone elastomer composites aimed at products that satisfy a range of requirements, namely good mechanical properties after zeolite incorporation and strongly antibacterial. Zeolite X was synthesised and used as antibacterial agent after ion-exchange with silver. The high level of silver (14 wt%) within the zeolite enabled the preparation of antibacterial composites containing a relatively low level of zeolite (2 wt%). The composites showed strong efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Organic functionalization of the zeolite with organo-silanes prior blending with the matrix usefully improved composite mechanical properties and reduced color development in Ag zeolite containing silicone elastomers. Organo-silane modification did not substantially affect the antibacterial performance of the materials; the number of viable cells of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was reduced to beyond detection limits within 24 hours of incubation. Efficacy of the Ag zeolite containing composites against the yeast Candida albicans was found to be substantially less than observed with the two bacteria. This study demonstrates that evaluation of polymer composites needs to be performed via a multidisciplinary approach in order to avoid compromising a particular aspect of the materials' design, characteristics or performance, including the use of reliable testing methods to determine the latter

    ДиагностированиС ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² биотСхничСской систСмС

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    Introduction. Recent research shows that up to 17 % of children are diagnosed with cognitive developmental disorders. Early identification of developmental delay in children allows an earlier onset of treatment with greater efficiency. However, the modern diagnostic approach has limitations associated with the problem of correctly assessing behavioral markers of children. This classical assessing approach depends on specialists’ professionalism of and parents' competence in reporting the issue timely and informatively.Aim. Developing a computerized methodology and algorithm for estimating shared intentionality in mother-child dyads; designing a biotechnical system for the early diagnosis of a lag in children's cognitive development.Materials and methods. We analyze our own previous research, in which: 1) the goal was to measure the intellectual activity of a group while stimulating their shared intentionality; 2) the independent variable was the intellectual task; 3) the stimuli of shared intentionality were described. The method employs the mathematical apparatus of measurement theory, systems theory, and statistical methods of analysis.Results. The developed biotechnical system uses specific software for diagnosing cognitive delay in children during a 15-minute test. Two factors of the biotechnical system impact the object of assessment: an electromagnetic field for stimulating shared intentionality and an intellectual test. The system's software instantly provides the assessment results to the user (specialist or parents) in the form of recommendations understandable even to a non-specialist – it saves this database in a convenient form for further storage and processing.Conclusion. The advantage of the method is its unbiased computerized assessment, which can also diagnose subjects online, conversely to the classical approach based on behavioral markers. Another advantage of the assessment method is the possibility of diagnosing a lag in children's cognitive development at an earlier age, which does not yet imply verbal communication.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π”ΠΎ 17 % Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ диагностированы с Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития. ВыявлСниС Π·Π°Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ развития Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ этапС позволяСт ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ с большСй ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. БоврСмСнная диагностика ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ряд ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, связанных с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² повСдСния Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ. ΠšΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ зависит ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ спСциалистов ΠΈ способности Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ своСврСмСнно Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅.ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒβ€“Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, созданиС биотСхничСской систСмы Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ диагностики отставания ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ собствСнныС исслСдования, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ являлось ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ стимулировании ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ; нСзависимой ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅; описаны стимулы Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ матСматичСский Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ систСм ΠΈ статистичСского исслСдования зависимостСй.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π° биотСхничСская систСма, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ обСспСчСниС для диагностики ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ отставания Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 15-ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ†-тСста. Π”Π²Π° Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° воздСйствия биотСхничСской систСмы Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ: элСктромагнитноС ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ для стимуляции Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ тСст. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ (спСциалисту ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ родитСлям) ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, понятных нСспСциалисту, ΠΈ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ для дальнСйшСго хранСния ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΈΠΌΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° – Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ классичСского ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°, основанного Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… повСдСния Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ. Π•Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ прСимущСство ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² возмоТности диагностирования отставания ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ возрастС, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Π΅Ρ€Π±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

    Evaluation of the in vitro bee venom release and skin absorption from bioadhesive gel formulation

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    Topical and transdermal drug delivery are one of the most suitable alternative, non-invasive routes for administration of drugs in clinical practice mainly due to the increased patient compliance and reduced systemic drug side effects. Many drug products applied to the skin surface may penetrate to some extent into the skin layers, where their effects are expected, as for example, topical formulations for the treatment of different local skin disorders. Also, significant concentrations of drug could be absorbed by the body regions close to the site of delivery, where regional effects are expected, for e.g., in the muscles, local blood vessels and articulations. Arthritis is a systemic, autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of joints. Inflammatory cytokines cause activation of the macrophages which leads to swelling of joints, damage to cartilage, bone erosion , functional impairment and stiffness. Bee venom (BV) contains a variety of peptides, including melittin, apamin, adolapin, the mast-cell degranulating peptide, enzymes (phospholipase [PL] A2), biologically active amines (histamine and epinephrine) and nonpeptide components with antiοΏ½inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-nociceptive properties. Melittin, a major peptide component of BV shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiοΏ½arthritis properties and inhibitory activity on nuclear factor kappaB which is involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and may be essential for the treatment of arthritis using BV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of crude BV as an active ingredient, as well as to evaluate the in vitro release and skin absorption of BV from a designed topical gel formulation
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