Moral decision-making in real life: <br /> factors affecting moral orientation and behaviour justification

The study addresses two separate but related issues in connection with people"s real-life moral decisions and judgements. First, the notion of moral orientation is examined in terms of its consistency across varying contexts, its relation to gender and to gender role. Secondly, a new aspect of moral reasoning is explored—the influence on moral decision-making of considering the consequences of an action. Fifty-eight undergraduate students were asked to discuss two personal and two impersonal real-life moral dilemmas. The results reveal a significant interaction between gender role and type of dilemma. However, moral orientation was not consistent across various dilemmas and gender was not related to any particular orientation. Also the results indicate a significant difference between the reasoning of consequences of personal-antisocial conflicts and impersonal-antisocial conflicts. These findings suggest that different moral orientations may be embedded in life experience and connect with an individual"s sense of his or her moral identity in real-life situations

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PROSES KARBURISING MENGGUNAKAN NaCO3 DAN BaCO3 DENGAN MEDIA ARANG POHON BAKAU PADA BAJA KARBON RENDAH

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan BaCO3 dan NaCO3 pada serbuk arang pohon bakau sebagai media karburasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses karburising terhadap baja karbon rendah dalam memperbaiki sifat fisis dan mekanis permukaannya. Baja lunak dengan komposisi kimia 98,43% Fe dan 0,156% C dipilih sebagai substrat dan dibuat benda uji berukuran (Ø20x10) mm3. Setelah batang pohon dibuat menjadi arang kemudian di haluskan dan diayak lolos mesh 30. NaCO3 dan BaCO3 ditambahkan masing-masing sebanyak 0, 15, 20, 25, dan 30% berat. Proses pack karburising dipilih menggunakan kotak karburising terbuat dari pipa baja diameter 2 inchi dan tebal 2 mm. Bagian bawahnya ditutup dengan plat baja setebal 2 mm dengan cara di las. Tutup terbuat dari plat baja setebal 2 mm dan ditutupkan pas masuk ke dalam pipa. Proses karburising dilakukan pada suhu 850 0C dengan lama proses 2, 3, dan 4 jam. Setelah itu, benda uji dipanaskan kembali pada suhu 850 0C dan ditahan 5 menit dan dicelup secara mendadak pada air bersuhu 28 0C. Perubahan sifat yang terjadi di eksaminasi melalui pengamatan struktur mikro, pengukuran case depth, dan pengujian kekerasan mikro Vickers pada permukaan,. Dari hasil eksaminasi menunjukkan bahwa BaCO3 lebih efektif dari pada NaCO3 jika ditambahkan pada serbuk arang pohon bakau. Pada proses karburising 2 jam, penambahan 30% BaCO3 membentuk lapisan case depth 350 µm, sedang penambahan 15 dan 20% NaCO3 terbentuk case depth setebal 300 µm. Kata kunci: arang pohon bakau, pack karburisng, natrium karbonat, barium karbonat FT, 2007 (PEND. TEK. MESIN

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran CompetenceBased Training (CBT) Berbasis Karakter Untuk Pembelajaran Praktik di Perguruan Tinggi

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan jangka panjang adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas lulusan pendidikan vokasi di tingkat Perguruan Tinggi, agar selain menguasai kompetensi akademis juga memiliki karakter yang baik. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan mengembangkan model pembelajaran praktik sebagai ciri khas dari pembelajaran Competence Based Traning (CBT) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan pembelajaran berbasis kompetensi dengan mengimplementasikan aspek/nilai karakter dalam proses pembelajarannya, sehingga kompetensi yang dikuasai peserta didik dapat dimaksimalkan. Sedangkan tujuan penelitian tahun pertama adalah: (1) menghasilkan seperangkat prosedur/tahapan dalam pengembangan model pembelajaran CBT berbasis karakter; (2) menghasilkan seperangkat prosedur/tahapan model pembelajaran CBT berbasis karakter. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Research and Development selama dua tahun. Tahapan penelitian pada tahun pertama adalah: (1) studi pendahuluan untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang kebutuhan pengembangan; (2) penyusunan model konseptual; (3) melakukan validasi model melalui kegiatan FGD; (4) merevisi model konseptual; (5) uji coba model konseptual. Lokasi untuk kegiatan penelitian ini adalah di industri manufaktur dan di jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Mesin FT UNY. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, angket, dokumentasi, evaluasi hasil belajar dan wawancara. Pada penelitian ini data dianalisis dengan cara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dan kemudian dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan adalah: (1) tahapan dalam mengembangkan model pembelajaran CBT berbasis karakter adalah studi pendahuluan, perumusan kompetensi akademik, perumusan karakter kerja pembelajaran praktik, penyusunan model konseptual, proses validasi model konseptual, revisi model konseptual, uji coba model konseptual; (2) tahapan dalam pembelajaran CBT berbasis karakter adalah eksplorasi aspek karakter terkait dengan karakter kerja praktik, grouping, diskusi penyusunan work preparation, pelaksanaan praktik disertai dengan pendampingan dan pembimbingan, proses assessment; (3) berdasarkan hasil uji coba yang telah dilaksanakan, tingkat keterlaksanaan proses integrasi aspek karakter melalui model pembelajaran CBT berbasis karakter adalah 5% belum terlaksana, 12% terlaksana belum konsisten, 16% terlaksana dengan konsisten, dan 70% telah membudaya

Pengaruh ketebalan terhadap proses Pengerolan panas baja HSLA API 5L-X65 Produksi Krakatau Steel

ABSTRACT The influence of thickness strip on the hot-rolling process was investigated The thickness of strip is one part of parameter on hot-rolling process since it gives different mechanical properties for different thicknesses. The toughness of thicker strip can be improved by lowering the temperature to the nonrecrystallization temperature. This should be in the range 950-900° C

Sugar Palm Fibre-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite Interface Characterisation by Pull-Out Test.

Polymer composites using natural fibres as the reinforcing agents have found their use in many applications. However, they do suffer from a few limitations, due to the hydrophilicity of the natural fibres which results in low compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrices. This paper aims to determine the best sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre surface treatment to improve the fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion. Fibre surface modifications were carried out by water retting process where the fibres were immersed in sea water, pond water and sewage water for the period of 3 days. The test samples were fabricated by placing a single fibre in an unsaturated polyester resin. Single-fibre pull-out tests showed that freshwater-treated fibres possessed the highest interfacial shear strength, followed by untreated fibres, sewage water-treated fibres, and sea water-treated fibres. Further surface analyses of the samples were performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) system. (2011) Trans Tech Publications

Identifying the dominant physical processes for mixing in full-scale raceway tanks

Biodiesels from microalgae are a promising alternative to fossil fuels with a number of unique benefits over other alternative fuel sources. However, to date, their viability in the fuels market remains infeasible due in part to a number of inefficiencies in the cultivation process. This has led to a growing interest in the hydrodynamics of open raceway tank (RWT) reactors, and cultivating conditions that are favorable to algae growth. In particular, two impediments require attention: the lack of vertical mixing in the straight portions of the reactor, and the need for efficient introduction of atmospheric carbon into the growth medium. It is proposed that the promotion of cellular, secondary currents by introduction of longitudinal ridges along the bed of the reactor can both promote vertical mixing and enhance gas transfer across the free surface of the growth medium. Experiments are performed in a full-scale open RWT at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Ecohydraulics and Ecomorphodynamics Laboratory (EEL), in which the bed of the RWT is modified with longitudinal ridges of two different sizes, triangular and semi-circular cross-sections, and variable spacing. The 3-dimensional velocity components are monitored at significant locations in the reactor by means of acoustic doppler velocimetry (ADV) and surface particle image velocimetry (sPIV), and the gas transfer across the free-surface is measured by re-aeration curves of dissolved oxygen (DO). It is found that the cellular, secondary cells can be visualized in the velocity data after the introduction of longitudinal ridges. However, the impacts at the free surface are limited and consequently so is the gas transfer. A range of flow structures are observed that impact the relative significance of these cellular currents, including: vortex shedding from bend vanes, secondary currents of Prandtl’s first kind induced by the bends, paddlewheel pulsation, and boundary layer development. These structures are found to overwhelm the presence of the cellular currents, and indicate that flows in the straight portions of the RWT reactor are a complex composite of boundary layer flow, secondary currents, resonance structures, energy input conditions, and shear flows. If cellular, secondary currents are to be used to promote the ideal algae growth conditions, further developments on this method will be required to overwhelm or work cooperatively with the dominant bend-induced dynamics

Selective incorporation of proteinaceous over nonproteinaceous cationic amino acids in model prebiotic oligomerization reactions.

Numerous long-standing questions in origins-of-life research center on the history of biopolymers. For example, how and why did nature select the polypeptide backbone and proteinaceous side chains? Depsipeptides, containing both ester and amide linkages, have been proposed as ancestors of polypeptides. In this paper, we investigate cationic depsipeptides that form under mild dry-down reactions. We compare the oligomerization of various cationic amino acids, including the cationic proteinaceous amino acids (lysine, Lys; arginine, Arg; and histidine, His), along with nonproteinaceous analogs of Lys harboring fewer methylene groups in their side chains. These analogs, which have been discussed as potential prebiotic alternatives to Lys, are ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, and 2,3-diaminopropionic acid (Orn, Dab, and Dpr). We observe that the proteinaceous amino acids condense more extensively than these nonproteinaceous amino acids. Orn and Dab readily cyclize into lactams, while Dab and Dpr condense less efficiently. Furthermore, the proteinaceous amino acids exhibit more selective oligomerization through their α-amines relative to their side-chain groups. This selectivity results in predominantly linear depsipeptides in which the amino acids are α-amine-linked, analogous to today's proteins. These results suggest a chemical basis for the selection of Lys, Arg, and His over other cationic amino acids for incorporation into proto-proteins on the early Earth. Given that electrostatics are key elements of protein-RNA and protein-DNA interactions in extant life, we hypothesize that cationic side chains incorporated into proto-peptides, as reported in this study, served in a variety of functions with ancestral nucleic acid polymers in the early stages of life

PENGEMBANGAN METODE KARBURISING PADAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEKUATAN MEKANIS BAJA KARBON RENDAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode proses karburising padat yang diikuti proses pengerasan terhadap baja karbon rendah dengan satu kali proses pamanasan. Pengembangan dapur karburising padat kontinyu dengan satu kali pemenasan menghemat pemakaian energi dan waktu dibutuhkan pada proses karburising padat. Dapur berdimensi (65x 65x100) cm mampu mencapai suhu 900-1000 0C membutuhkan daya listrik 4 kW. Isolator dapur terdiri dari selimut keramik dan bata isolasi dengan perekat air setting mortar. Hopper memiliki penutup atas dan bawah berfungsi sebagai pintu input. Ruang pemanas dengan elemen pemanas kawat kanthal 1,2 mm berbentuk lilitan 20 mm memiliki sekat di atas kotak karburising. Kotak karburising dari stainless steel tebal 3 mm berdimensi (15x15x20) mm berada di ruang pemanas. Kotak memiliki penutup atas yang dapat dibuka dengan sebuah poros pemutar. Penutup bawah dapur merupakan pintu output. Bak pendingin di bawah dapur berisi media pendingin untuk proses pengerasan. Dapur karburising padat kontinyu membutuhkan 4 jam 2 menit untuk mencapai suhu 850 0C dari suhu kamar dan mampu mempertahankan kestabilan suhu tersebut meskipun tetap beroperasi selama sekitar 10 jam. Dapur mudah dioperasikan dengan tingkat keamanan cukup memadai, namun hooper kurang maksimal. Dapur dapat memperbaiki kualitas baja karbon rendah secara konsisten, ditandai dengan naiknya kekerasan permukaan dari mula-mula 162 VHN menjadi rata-rata 532 VHN, muncul struktur martensit pada permukaan benda uji dan terbentuk case depth setebal 300-400 m. Kata kunci : Dapur pemanas, karburising padat, metode pengerasan