65 research outputs found
Mass transfer and microbiological profile of pork meat dehydrated in two different osmotic solutions
The effects of osmotic dehydration on mass transfer properties and microbiological profile were investigated in order to determine the usefulness of this technique as pre-treatment for further treatment of meat. Process was studied in two solutions (sugar beet molasses, and aqueous solution of sodium chloride and sucrose), at two temperatures (4 and 22Ā°C) at atmospheric pressure. The most significant parameters of mass transfer were determined after 300 minutes of the dehydration. The water activity (aw) values of the processed meat were determined, as well as the change of the microbiological profile between the fresh and dehydrated meat. At the temperature of 22Ā°C the sugar beet molasses proved to be most suitable as an osmotic solution, despite the greater viscosity
Peripheral Nervous System Genes Expressed in Central Neurons Induce Growth on Inhibitory Substrates
Trauma to the spinal cord and brain can result in irreparable loss of function. This failure of recovery is in part due to inhibition of axon regeneration by myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons exhibit increased regenerative ability compared to central nervous system neurons, even in the presence of inhibitory environments. Previously, we identified over a thousand genes differentially expressed in PNS neurons relative to CNS neurons. These genes represent intrinsic differences that may account for the PNSās enhanced regenerative ability. Cerebellar neurons were transfected with cDNAs for each of these PNS genes to assess their ability to enhance neurite growth on inhibitory (CSPG) or permissive (laminin) substrates. Using high content analysis, we evaluated the phenotypic profile of each neuron to extract meaningful data for over 1100 genes. Several known growth associated proteins potentiated neurite growth on laminin. Most interestingly, novel genes were identified that promoted neurite growth on CSPGs (GPX3, EIF2B5, RBMX). Bioinformatic approaches also uncovered a number of novel gene families that altered neurite growth of CNS neurons
Metadiscourse in contemporary Italian academic articles and newspapers editorials
Poslednjih godina fokus lingvista pomeren je sa ideacione dimenzije na interpersonalni plan teksta ili govora. Pisci ili govornici ne predstavljaju samo informacije, veÄ nastoje da svoje informacije uÄine razumljivim i prihvatljivim. Na taj naÄin, autori i govornici uvode Äitaoce ili sagovornike u svoju stvarnost, tj. motiviÅ”u svoju publiku da ih podrži i prati. Shodno tome, efikasna komunikacija nije samo razmena informacija, robe ili usluga, veÄ ukljuÄuje liÄnosti, stavove i pretpostavke uÄesnika (Hyland 2005: 3). Jedno od kljuÄnih jeziÄkih sredstava kojima autor može pretpostaviti potrebe Äitalaca, iskazati stepen formalnosti, moÄi, ili pak bliskosti je upravo metadiskurs.
Metadiskurs je āpisanje o pisanjuā (Williams 1985: 226), ādiskurs o diskursuā ili ākomunikacija o komunikacijiā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83). Obuhvata jeziÄki materijal koji signalizira autorovo prisustvo i odnos prema propozicionom sadržaju i ÄitalaÄkoj publici (Swales 1990: 188). Ukratko, metadiskurs pomaže Äitaocima da āorganizuju, klasifikuju, tumaÄe, procene i reagujuā na datu informaciju (Vande Kopple 1985: 83).
Predmet ovog rada je metadiskurs u akademskim i novinskim Älancima (uvodnicima) na italijanskom jeziku. Iako Hyland (2005: 200-204) istiÄe da je neophodno istražiti metadiskursnu prirodu u razliÄitim žanrovima, napisanim za razliÄitu publiku i na razliÄite teme, uporedne studije su retke Äak i na engleskom jeziku. Izbor žanrova opravdan je njihovom druÅ”tvenom ulogom. Akademski Älanci su jedinstveni vid komunikacije nauÄne zajednice i imaju kljuÄnu ulogu u afirmaciji njenih Älanova. Stoga pored referencijske, akademski Älanci imaju persuazivnu i argumentacijsku funkciju. Isto tako, novinski uvodnici obraÄuju teme koje su od posebnog druÅ”tvenog znaÄaja u trenutku njihovog objavljivanja i smatraju se najprikladnijim primerom persuazivnog pisanja (Connor 1996: 143). Dakle, oba žanra su arumentacijska, ali napisana za razliÄite potrebe i publiku. Na osnovu svega toga, pretpostavljena je razliÄita upotreba metadiskursa u navedenim žanrovima...In recent years, the linguistsā focus has moved from ideational dimension to interpersonal plan of a text or a speech. Namely, writers or speakers do not only present some information, they also try to make that information understandable and acceptable. At the same time, authors and speakers introduce their readers and interlocutors to their own reality ie. they motivate their audience to support and follow them in a number of different ways. Consequently, effective communication is not simply an exchange of information, goods or services, but it also involves personalities, attitudes and assumptions of those who are communicating (Hyland 2005: 3). One of the key aiding linguistic tools by which the author can assume the needs of his readers, express the level of formality, power or even closeness is actually what metadiscourse is all about.
Metadiscourse is āwriting about writingā (Williams 1985: 226), āa discourse about a discourseā or ācommunication about communicationā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83). It encompases linguistic material which signals the authorās presence and his relation to the propositional content and reading audience (Swales 1990:188). To summarise, metadiscourse assists the readers to āorganise, classify, interpret, evaluate, and react to such materialā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83).
The subject of this dissertation is metadiscourse in academic articles and newspaper editorials in the Italian language. Although Hyland (2005: 200-204) emphasizes that it is necessary to study the metadiscourse in different genres, written for different audiences and on different subjects, the comparative studies are still rare even in English language. The choice of genres is justified by their social roles. Academic articles are a genuine means of communication within the scientific community and they play a key role in the affirmation of its members. Therefore, in addition to their referential function, academic articles have persuasive and argumentative function, too. Likewise, newspaper editorials cover some topics of a special social significance at the moment of their publication and are considered the most appropriate example of persuasive writing (Connor 1996: 143). Thus, both genres are argumentative but written for different purposes and audiences.
Based on the information mentioned above, we assumed a different usage of metadiscourse in the mentioned genres..
Metadiscourse in contemporary Italian academic articles and newspapers editorials
Poslednjih godina fokus lingvista pomeren je sa ideacione dimenzije na interpersonalni plan teksta ili govora. Pisci ili govornici ne predstavljaju samo informacije, veÄ nastoje da svoje informacije uÄine razumljivim i prihvatljivim. Na taj naÄin, autori i govornici uvode Äitaoce ili sagovornike u svoju stvarnost, tj. motiviÅ”u svoju publiku da ih podrži i prati. Shodno tome, efikasna komunikacija nije samo razmena informacija, robe ili usluga, veÄ ukljuÄuje liÄnosti, stavove i pretpostavke uÄesnika (Hyland 2005: 3). Jedno od kljuÄnih jeziÄkih sredstava kojima autor može pretpostaviti potrebe Äitalaca, iskazati stepen formalnosti, moÄi, ili pak bliskosti je upravo metadiskurs.
Metadiskurs je āpisanje o pisanjuā (Williams 1985: 226), ādiskurs o diskursuā ili ākomunikacija o komunikacijiā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83). Obuhvata jeziÄki materijal koji signalizira autorovo prisustvo i odnos prema propozicionom sadržaju i ÄitalaÄkoj publici (Swales 1990: 188). Ukratko, metadiskurs pomaže Äitaocima da āorganizuju, klasifikuju, tumaÄe, procene i reagujuā na datu informaciju (Vande Kopple 1985: 83).
Predmet ovog rada je metadiskurs u akademskim i novinskim Älancima (uvodnicima) na italijanskom jeziku. Iako Hyland (2005: 200-204) istiÄe da je neophodno istražiti metadiskursnu prirodu u razliÄitim žanrovima, napisanim za razliÄitu publiku i na razliÄite teme, uporedne studije su retke Äak i na engleskom jeziku. Izbor žanrova opravdan je njihovom druÅ”tvenom ulogom. Akademski Älanci su jedinstveni vid komunikacije nauÄne zajednice i imaju kljuÄnu ulogu u afirmaciji njenih Älanova. Stoga pored referencijske, akademski Älanci imaju persuazivnu i argumentacijsku funkciju. Isto tako, novinski uvodnici obraÄuju teme koje su od posebnog druÅ”tvenog znaÄaja u trenutku njihovog objavljivanja i smatraju se najprikladnijim primerom persuazivnog pisanja (Connor 1996: 143). Dakle, oba žanra su arumentacijska, ali napisana za razliÄite potrebe i publiku. Na osnovu svega toga, pretpostavljena je razliÄita upotreba metadiskursa u navedenim žanrovima...In recent years, the linguistsā focus has moved from ideational dimension to interpersonal plan of a text or a speech. Namely, writers or speakers do not only present some information, they also try to make that information understandable and acceptable. At the same time, authors and speakers introduce their readers and interlocutors to their own reality ie. they motivate their audience to support and follow them in a number of different ways. Consequently, effective communication is not simply an exchange of information, goods or services, but it also involves personalities, attitudes and assumptions of those who are communicating (Hyland 2005: 3). One of the key aiding linguistic tools by which the author can assume the needs of his readers, express the level of formality, power or even closeness is actually what metadiscourse is all about.
Metadiscourse is āwriting about writingā (Williams 1985: 226), āa discourse about a discourseā or ācommunication about communicationā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83). It encompases linguistic material which signals the authorās presence and his relation to the propositional content and reading audience (Swales 1990:188). To summarise, metadiscourse assists the readers to āorganise, classify, interpret, evaluate, and react to such materialā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83).
The subject of this dissertation is metadiscourse in academic articles and newspaper editorials in the Italian language. Although Hyland (2005: 200-204) emphasizes that it is necessary to study the metadiscourse in different genres, written for different audiences and on different subjects, the comparative studies are still rare even in English language. The choice of genres is justified by their social roles. Academic articles are a genuine means of communication within the scientific community and they play a key role in the affirmation of its members. Therefore, in addition to their referential function, academic articles have persuasive and argumentative function, too. Likewise, newspaper editorials cover some topics of a special social significance at the moment of their publication and are considered the most appropriate example of persuasive writing (Connor 1996: 143). Thus, both genres are argumentative but written for different purposes and audiences.
Based on the information mentioned above, we assumed a different usage of metadiscourse in the mentioned genres..
Metadiscourse in contemporary Italian academic articles and newspapers editorials
Poslednjih godina fokus lingvista pomeren je sa ideacione dimenzije na interpersonalni plan teksta ili govora. Pisci ili govornici ne predstavljaju samo informacije, veÄ nastoje da svoje informacije uÄine razumljivim i prihvatljivim. Na taj naÄin, autori i govornici uvode Äitaoce ili sagovornike u svoju stvarnost, tj. motiviÅ”u svoju publiku da ih podrži i prati. Shodno tome, efikasna komunikacija nije samo razmena informacija, robe ili usluga, veÄ ukljuÄuje liÄnosti, stavove i pretpostavke uÄesnika (Hyland 2005: 3). Jedno od kljuÄnih jeziÄkih sredstava kojima autor može pretpostaviti potrebe Äitalaca, iskazati stepen formalnosti, moÄi, ili pak bliskosti je upravo metadiskurs.
Metadiskurs je āpisanje o pisanjuā (Williams 1985: 226), ādiskurs o diskursuā ili ākomunikacija o komunikacijiā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83). Obuhvata jeziÄki materijal koji signalizira autorovo prisustvo i odnos prema propozicionom sadržaju i ÄitalaÄkoj publici (Swales 1990: 188). Ukratko, metadiskurs pomaže Äitaocima da āorganizuju, klasifikuju, tumaÄe, procene i reagujuā na datu informaciju (Vande Kopple 1985: 83).
Predmet ovog rada je metadiskurs u akademskim i novinskim Älancima (uvodnicima) na italijanskom jeziku. Iako Hyland (2005: 200-204) istiÄe da je neophodno istražiti metadiskursnu prirodu u razliÄitim žanrovima, napisanim za razliÄitu publiku i na razliÄite teme, uporedne studije su retke Äak i na engleskom jeziku. Izbor žanrova opravdan je njihovom druÅ”tvenom ulogom. Akademski Älanci su jedinstveni vid komunikacije nauÄne zajednice i imaju kljuÄnu ulogu u afirmaciji njenih Älanova. Stoga pored referencijske, akademski Älanci imaju persuazivnu i argumentacijsku funkciju. Isto tako, novinski uvodnici obraÄuju teme koje su od posebnog druÅ”tvenog znaÄaja u trenutku njihovog objavljivanja i smatraju se najprikladnijim primerom persuazivnog pisanja (Connor 1996: 143). Dakle, oba žanra su arumentacijska, ali napisana za razliÄite potrebe i publiku. Na osnovu svega toga, pretpostavljena je razliÄita upotreba metadiskursa u navedenim žanrovima...In recent years, the linguistsā focus has moved from ideational dimension to interpersonal plan of a text or a speech. Namely, writers or speakers do not only present some information, they also try to make that information understandable and acceptable. At the same time, authors and speakers introduce their readers and interlocutors to their own reality ie. they motivate their audience to support and follow them in a number of different ways. Consequently, effective communication is not simply an exchange of information, goods or services, but it also involves personalities, attitudes and assumptions of those who are communicating (Hyland 2005: 3). One of the key aiding linguistic tools by which the author can assume the needs of his readers, express the level of formality, power or even closeness is actually what metadiscourse is all about.
Metadiscourse is āwriting about writingā (Williams 1985: 226), āa discourse about a discourseā or ācommunication about communicationā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83). It encompases linguistic material which signals the authorās presence and his relation to the propositional content and reading audience (Swales 1990:188). To summarise, metadiscourse assists the readers to āorganise, classify, interpret, evaluate, and react to such materialā (Vande Kopple 1985: 83).
The subject of this dissertation is metadiscourse in academic articles and newspaper editorials in the Italian language. Although Hyland (2005: 200-204) emphasizes that it is necessary to study the metadiscourse in different genres, written for different audiences and on different subjects, the comparative studies are still rare even in English language. The choice of genres is justified by their social roles. Academic articles are a genuine means of communication within the scientific community and they play a key role in the affirmation of its members. Therefore, in addition to their referential function, academic articles have persuasive and argumentative function, too. Likewise, newspaper editorials cover some topics of a special social significance at the moment of their publication and are considered the most appropriate example of persuasive writing (Connor 1996: 143). Thus, both genres are argumentative but written for different purposes and audiences.
Based on the information mentioned above, we assumed a different usage of metadiscourse in the mentioned genres..
Small bowel obstruction caused by a large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with multicentric Castleman\u2019s disease: an unusual occurrence
Multicentric Castleman's disease is a rare condition of systemic nonclonal lymph node hyperplasia. Because of its strong association with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), the multicentric, more aggressive, form may progress to Kaposi sarcoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. While surgery is curative in the treatment of localized Castleman's disease, operative treatment of the diffuse form has as yet been unsatisfactory. We report the case of a patient presenting with postprandial vomiting of 1 month duration consistent with partial small bowel obstruction secondary to terminal ileum intussusception. Resection of the small bowel showed a stenosing tumor triggering the intussusception. On pathological examination, the tumor was found to be composed of HHV8-positive plasmablastic lymphoma cells. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of a complication due to the progression of multicentric Castleman's disease requiring surgical intervention for intussusception
Optimization of the osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in sugar beet molasses
A Response Surface Methodology approach (RSM) was used to determine optimum conditions for the osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in sugar beet molasses. Treatment times were set to 1, 3 and 5 h, at temperatures of 45, 55 and 65Ā°C and molasses concentrations were 40, 60 and 80% (w/w). The used responses variables were: final dry matter content (DM), water loss (WL), solid gain (Sg), and water activity (aw). A Box and Behnkenās fractional factorial design (2 level-3 parameter) with 15 runs (1 block) was used for design of the experiment. DM, WL, Sg were significantly affected by all process variables (at 90-95% confidence level). The optimum conditions were determined by superimposing the contour plots, with the following response limiting values: DM 50-60%, WL 0.7- 0.8, Sg 0.08-0.09, and aw 0.84-0.86. The optimum conditions generated were: treatment time of 4h, temperature of 60Ā°C, sugar concentration of 66% (w/w)
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