Waste Management of Ege University during the COVID-19 period

Ege University manages packaging wastes, hazardous wastes, electronic wastes and organic wastes within the scope of integrated waste management and has been awarded the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization Zero Waste Certificate. For packaging waste, recycled and non-recyclable wastes are collected separately. Recycled wastes are collected in blue boxes and gray boxes are used for non-recyclable wastes. Along with the pandemic period, with the directive of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, extra gray boxes were added and used to collect waste materials such as masks, gloves, etc. The first COVID case in Turkey started in March 2020 and these studies came into effect in April. In this context, all staff and students are informed and the health of the community and the environment is protected.Keyword: waste management, mask and glove waste management, COVID-1

The influence of zinc-methionine bioplex supplementation to pregnant and lactating sheep on selected wool parameters

The most important nutrients affecting wool production include sulfur amino acids, such as methionine, and minerals, such as zinc, and their deficiency may cause wool production decrease. The aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of zinc and methionine chelate addition on the qualitative characteristics of Merino ewes wool and zinc content in wool fibers and on their surface. Histological evaluation of fibers was also performed. The study included 22 Polish Merino ewes divided into two groups: control and experimental (0.4&thinsp;g chelates daily per head). The experiment lasted for 4 months (3.5 months of pregnancy and 2 weeks of early lactation). The length, thickness and breaking force of wool fibers were higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Higher content of zinc in wool of sheep from the experimental group was also demonstrated. The histological structure of fibers from both groups did not differ, as the content of zinc on their surface. It can be concluded on the basis of the obtained results that the addition of chelates favorably influenced the thickness compensation of wool fibers and amount of wool obtained from sheep during pregnancy and early lactation, as well as mechanical features of wool.</p

Polymorphism of viral dsRNA in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous strains isolated from different geographic areas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Strains of the astaxanthin producing yeast <it>Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous </it>have been isolated from different cold regions around the earth, and the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements was described in some isolates. This kind of viruses is widely distributed among yeasts and filamentous fungi and, although generally are cryptic in function, their studies have been a key factor in the knowledge of important fungi. In this work, the characterization and genetic relationships among dsRNA elements were determined in strains representatives of almost all regions of the earth where <it>X. dendrorhous </it>have been isolated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Almost all strains of <it>X. dendrorhous </it>analyzed carry one, two or four dsRNA elements, of molecular sizes in the range from 0.8 to 5.0 kb. Different dsRNA-patterns were observed in strains with different geographic origin, being L1 (5.0 kb) the common dsRNA element. By hybridization assays a high genomic polymorphism was observed among L1 dsRNAs of different <it>X. dendrorhous </it>strains. Contrary, hybridization was observed between L1 and L2 dsRNAs of strains from same or different regions, while the dsRNA elements of minor sizes (M, S1, and S2) present in several strains did not show hybridization with neither L1 or L2 dsRNAs. Along the growth curve of UCD 67-385 (harboring four dsRNAs) an increase of L2 relative to L1 dsRNA was observed, whiles the S1/L1 ratio remains constant, as well as the M/L1 ratio of Patagonian strain. Strains cured of S2 dsRNA were obtained by treatment with anisomycin, and comparison of its dsRNA contents with uncured strain, revealed an increase of L1 dsRNA while the L2 and S1 dsRNA remain unaltered.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The dsRNA elements of <it>X. dendrorhous </it>are highly variable in size and sequence, and the dsRNA pattern is specific to the geographic region of isolation. Each L1 and L2 dsRNA are viral elements able to self replicate and to coexist into a cell, and L1 and S2 dsRNAs elements could be part of a helper/satellite virus system in <it>X. dendrorhous</it>.</p

An Anillin-Ect2 Complex Stabilizes Central Spindle Microtubules at the Cortex during Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis occurs due to the RhoA-dependent ingression of an actomyosin ring. During anaphase, the Rho GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) Ect2 is recruited to the central spindle via its interaction with MgcRacGAP/Cyk-4, and activates RhoA in the central plane of the cell. Ect2 also localizes to the cortex, where it has access to RhoA. The N-terminus of Ect2 binds to Cyk-4, and the C-terminus contains conserved DH (Dbl homologous) and PH (Pleckstrin Homology) domains with GEF activity. The PH domain is required for Ect2's cortical localization, but its molecular function is not known. In cultured human cells, we found that the PH domain interacts with anillin, a contractile ring protein that scaffolds actin and myosin and interacts with RhoA. The anillin-Ect2 interaction may require Ect2's association with lipids, since a novel mutation in the PH domain, which disrupts phospholipid association, weakens their interaction. An anillin-RacGAP50C (homologue of Cyk-4) complex was previously described in Drosophila, which may crosslink the central spindle to the cortex to stabilize the position of the contractile ring. Our data supports an analogous function for the anillin-Ect2 complex in human cells and one hypothesis is that this complex has functionally replaced the Drosophila anillin-RacGAP50C complex. Complexes between central spindle proteins and cortical proteins could regulate the position of the contractile ring by stabilizing microtubule-cortical interactions at the division plane to ensure the generation of active RhoA in a discrete zone

Bioavailability of zinc and copper by young beef cattle

W badaniach strawnościowo-bilansowych, wykonanych na młodym bydle opasowym, określano absorpcję i retencję cynku oraz miedzi z dawek pokarmowych, zawierających w swoim składzie siarczany i tlenki Zn i Cu. Najlepsze wykorzystanie cynku i miedzi stwierdzono u zwierząt otrzymujących 80 i 90 mg Zn·kg⁻¹ i 10 mg Cu·kg⁻¹. Wielkość absorpcji i retencji cynku oraz miedzi wyraźnie zależała od ilości tych pierwiastków w dawce, a także od rodzaju zastosowanych dodatków. Wyższą absorpcję i retencję Zn jak i Cu stwierdzono u byczków otrzymujących te pierwiastki w formie siarczanów niż tlenków.In balance-digestibility experiments carried out on young beef cattle the absorption and retention of zinc and copper from diets containing zinc and cop-per in sulphate and oxide form were determined. The best utilization of zinc and copper was found in animals fed diets containing 80 and 90 mg Zn·kg⁻¹ and 10 mg Cu·kg⁻¹. Scale of zinc and copper absorption and retention distinctly depended on the quantities of these trace elements in feed ration, and also on the kind of used additives. The absorption and retention of Zn and Cu by animals were higher when the elements were supplied in form of sulphates than in form of the oxides

Stability of Endohedral Hydrogen Doped Boron Nitride Nanocages: A Density Functional Theory Study

WOS: 000343955700006In this study, the stabilization energies of the nH(2)@BmNm Complexes (m = 12, 24, 36 48;60) have been determined by exploiting several density functional theory methods, namely B3LYP,PBE1PBE and omega B97X-D. Among these density functional theory methods, omega B97X-D is found to be the most appropriate for the systems involving H-2 doping in boron nitride nanocages; It predicted that the smallest nanocage, has no stable complex and the H-2@B24N24,2H(2)@B36N36, 4H(2)@B48N48 and 7H(2)@B60N60 complexes are the most Stable hydrogen-boron nitride complexes. Accordingly, it is found that the number of hydrogen molecules doped inside the most stable complex of each nanocage quadratically depends on nanocage size. This indicates that as the size of nanocage, as well as, the size of the endohedral cavity increases More stable nH(2)@BmNm Complexes are formed,Scientific Research Projects of Ege UniversityEge University [09/FEN/046]This study is supported Scientific Research Projects of Ege University through the project no 09/FEN/046. The numerical calculations reported in this paper were partially performed at TUBITAK ULAKBIM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TRUBA resources)

Computational investigation of hydrogen storage capacity of boron nitride nanocages by newly developed PM7 method

Employing the newly developed PM7 method,we have computationally investigated endohedral hydrogen storage capacities of boron-nitride based nanocages, BmNm (m = 12, 24, 36, 48 and 96). The calculation results revealed that the smallest two boron-nitride nanocages, B12N12 and B24N24, (their gravimetric density of hydrogen storages are 1.35 and 3.05 wt. %) are not suitable for hydrogen doping due to their rather small endohedral cavities. B36N36, whose hydrogen storage density is 4.96 wt. %, may not be very efficient although it has better storage capacity than the smallest two. On the other hand, the gravimetric densities of hydrogen storage inside the B48N48 and B96N96 nanocages are predicted to be 6.6 and 10.6 wt. %, respectively. This high weight percentage of hydrogen storage indicates that B48N48 and B96N96 can be considered as promising hydrogen storage materials. © 2015, Chemical Publishing Co. All rights reserved

Study on chemical composition of straws processed by different methods

Лабораторные исследования были проведены на ржаной и пшеничной соломе со сбора урожая в 1978 году. Повышение качества соломы проводилось путём выщелачивания, аммонизации, автоклавирования, силосования и дрожжевания. В исследуемом материале были определены основные кормовые компоненты, ADF и лигнин а также переваримость in vitro. Полученные результаты показывают, что в аммонизированной соломе значительно увеличилось содержание протеина (на около 6 раз). Так же в силосованной соломе и подданой дрожжеванию наблюдалось повышение содержания протеина (на 1,5 - 2 раза). Это было вызвано прибавками, какие применялись в продессах повышения качества соломы. Определение содержания лигнина и ADF не показало отчётливо положительного влияния ни одного из применённых мероприятий. Только в автоклавированной соломе замечено некоторое повышение ценности волокна и жира, а также высокий уровень лигнина и ADF по сравнению с обыкновенной соломой.The experiment was conducted with rye and wheat straws harvested in 1978. Straws were treated with sodium hydroxide, ammonia or yeast, and also - ensiled or autoclaved. Basic nutrients, ADF and lignine as well as in vitro digestibility were determined in the tested materials. The results showed that the ammonia and yeast tratments significantly increased the level of crude protein in straws (by several times), while that of ADF and lignine did not change in general. In autoclaved straws only, the contents of crude fibre, ether extract, ADF and lignine were higher than those in unprocessed material