Analysis of voluntary reported adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Adverse drug reactions are the major cause for increased hospital stay and it increases the economic burden of the patients. Reporting of ADR helps in signal generation and to ensure safe use of a drug. Present study was conducted to analyse the ADR reporting pattern and completeness of the ADR forms. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted for 6 months in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 330 ADR forms were analysed and completeness of ADR forms were assessed. Results: A total of 330 ADRs were reported. 46% ADRs were reported in 2018, 23% in 2019, 11% in 2020, 8.9% in 2021 and 10.7% in 2022. 177 (53%) were males and 153 (47%) were females. Most occurred reaction was Hyponatremia 22 (6%), followed by Hypokalaemia 18 (5%). Neuropsychiatry cases were 62 (18.78%), Urinary system cases were 45 (13.63%). 122 (88%) patients were taking concomitant drugs whereas only 17 (12%) patients were not taking. Above 80% completeness were seen in 155 (46.96%) forms. Above 70% completeness in 292 (88.68%) forms. Conclusions: ADRs occurrence was high in male compared to female. Most of the ADRs affected Neuropsychiatry followed by Urinary system. Antimicrobials are responsible for majorly reported ADRs followed by cephalosporins (17.6%) and Penicillin (11.76%). Overall completeness of reported ADR form was 80%, 67.87% of forms were not adequately filled with mandatory fields.

CASE STUDY ON BETA BLOCKERS INDUCED PSORIASIS

Drug-induced Psoriasis is one among the common etiological factors of Psoriasis reported worldwide. Familiar drugs known to cause psoriasiform eruptions include Anti-malarials, Beta blockers, NSAIDs, Lithium. etc. Certain antihypertensives like ACE inhibitors, diuretics are also documented to have caused psoriatic episodes. A 57 y old South-Indian male patient with a history of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Atrial Fibrillation for 4 y; was on antihypertensive therapy for Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation with proponolol for past 2 y and metoprolol initially. He was presented to the hospital two weeks after switching on to Metoprolol therapy for chief complaints of erythematous scaly lesions especially over both the extremities and paronydrial appearance of nails. Initially, he was on Propranolol therapy which was then shifted to Metoprolol due to an appearance of oral lesions in the mouth. Metoprolol was now discontinued and switched on to Atenolol. After 1-2 w of therapy with Atenolol, the lesions were found to disappear and no recurrence of psoriatic conditions were found. Proper reviewing of medical history for any allergic reactions and the optimization of drug therapy through Therapeutic Drug Monitoring could be initiated by Clinical Pharmacist in order to avoid such drug-induced flares

Design of an Efficient Multiplier Using Transistor Level Modified Adders

The endless improvement of modern mobile, compact devices and applications has caused an enormous effect for ultralow power circuit design. Various methods and techniques have been applied successfully to the power, performance region of the design spectrum for lower power consumption. In some applications wherever ultralow power consumption is that the primary requirement and performance is of secondary importance, a more aggressive approach is secure. The new applications mainly depend on the transistor count of circuit with longer economical battery life. The minimum energy point is obtained as an ultralow-power 0.15 V. At this minimal energy point, an ultralow-power 10T 1-bit full adder circuit at sub threshold region and it can be used for energy refrainment applications. It exhibits imperious performance in terms of design standards like average power, propagation delay and transistor count at optimal supply voltage i.e., at 0.15 V. The proposed design uses the 10T 1-bit full adder using 4-bit multiplier compared to conventional 1-bit full adder using 4-bit multiplier circuit. The performance metrics like propagation delay, average power, transistor count are reduced compared to conventional method. The designed 4-bit multiplier is simulated using Tanner tool

Study on drug profile used in common pregnancy influenced issues and its complications

Background: Pregnancy influenced issues are common among pregnant women treated by medications that causes complication in mother and fetus. The study aims to identify patients with pregnancy influenced issues like gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease and anaemia. To assess the drug used pattern along with antibiotic therapy and to observe the above disease related complications.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. Totally 100 patients enrolled and data was collected using data collection form.Results: Out of 100 patients, high prevalence occurred in 26-30 years of age. Primarily gestational hypertension (39%), treated with Tab. Labetatol and complications were premature delivery, low birth weight. Anaemia (25%) cases treated with Tab. Ferrous sulphate, Iron sucrose and Folic Acid, Preterm delivery as complication. Gestational diabetes mellitus (18%) treated with Metformin and Human Insulin and complications were preterm delivery, maternal obesity, increased child weight. GERD (8%) treated with Pantoprazole, Ondansetron, Bifilac and complications were weight loss, dehydration, low birth weight. In pre-operative cases, 79% received antibiotics as monotherapy and 21% as dual therapy. In post-operative cases, 41% received antibiotics as monotherapy and 59% as dual therapy. Metronidazole (95%) given in both post and pre- operative conditions.Conclusions: The present study provides valuable insight about the overall drugs used in pregnancy related diseases and complications arise. We hope our data will make necessary recommendations to all health care professionals and pregnant women to ensure all pregnancy related safety measures were taken

Detection of Calcification Using Filter in Mammograms -A Survey

Abstract Microcalcification is one of the key symptoms facilitating early detection of breast cancer. In this paper image are acquisition from the mini mias database and perform various steps they are image enhancement, feature extraction and classification .In image enhancement the images are enhanced using filters and the features are extracted from the enhanced image using Gabor filter, and classify the micro calcification using support vector machine to classify the masses into benign, malignant, normal

Development of silver nanoparticle stabilized poly (aniline -co- pyrrole) for electrochemical application

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-Nps) decorated conducting copolymers of aniline and pyrrole monomers [poly (aniline -copyrrole)] have been synthesized through a simple in-situ chemical oxidative co-polymerization. The formation and characteristics of poly (aniline -co- pyrrole)-Ag have been confirmed using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized nanocomposite has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, RAMAN spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and UV-Visible spectroscopy have been used to identify the phase, morphology and thermal stability. The composite has been used to modify the glassy carbon electrode to obtain poly (aniline -co- pyrrole)-Ag/ GCE. Cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry have been used for the electrochemical sensing of uric acid. The modified GC electrode has shown an excellent electrocatalytic oxidation of uric acid to allantoin at neutral pH of phosphate buffer solution. The proposed sensor thus involves simple fabrication with high accuracy and sensitivity

Silver ferrite embellished graphene oxide heterogenous nanocomposite for efficient electrochemical detection of gallic acid

Ferrites have attracted the research community owing to their invincible properties corresponding to their magnetic recoverability, recycling efficacy, and environmentally friendly behaviour. They are gaining importance in catalysis, sensors, supercapacitors, batteries, magnetic tunnel ferrofluids, magnetic drug delivery, and information storage. By taking advantage of ferrites, in this study, we have developed a silver ferrite embellished graphene oxide (AgFe2O4/GO) nanocomposite by decorating AgFe2O4 on graphene oxide (GO) by a viable route. The crystal structure, size, morphology, and magnetic behaviour of the fabricated nanocomposites have been investigated with the assistance of fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, RAMAN spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. The composite has been examined for the electrocatalytic determination of gallic acid (GA) by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry by its modification of glassy carbon electrode. This modified glassy carbon electrode has shown excellent electrocatalytic behaviour toward the detection of GA. These results can be used as an electrochemical standard in the estimation of total polyphenol content in the foodstuffs and extended to pharmaceutical and industrial applications

Synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite materials for medical implant coating applications

In this present work, nano-hydroxyapatite/Graphene Oxide were synthesized, and the composite were prepared in different ratios. The structural and morphological changes of synthesized nano hydroxyapatite, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide was investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) was used to investigate the chemical structural composition of the synthesized nano hydroxyapatite and its composite, which confirms that presence of presence of reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide in the prepared composite. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis was employed to examine the surface morphology of the composite materials which confirms the presence graphene flakes and nanosized hydroxyapatite on the surface