263 research outputs found
Nutritive potential and utilization of super worm (Zophobas morio) meal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juvenile
Super worm meal (SWM) was evaluated to investigate the effect of partial or total replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets for tilapia juvenile, Oreochromis niloticus. Triplicate groups of fish with average initial body weight (5.57 ± 0.15 g) were fed each with 5 isonitrogeneous (32% crude protein) diets formulated to include 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% (diets 1 – 5, respectively) of FM substituted with SWM. After eight weeks of feeding trials, fish fed with diet 2 and 3 revealed the highest values for live weight gain, specific growth rates, better feed conversion ratio as well as protein efficiency ratio compared to the others. Survival range was 100% in all the treatments. However, fish fed to diet 5 exhibited lower growth than those fed others diets. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the moisture, protein, lipid and ash content in the whole body composition. These results clearly indicate that up to 25% of FM protein in fish diet can be replaced by SWM without any adverse effect on feed utilization and body composition. A decrease in weight gain and other growth associated parameters was observed with higher replacement.Key words: Feed utilization, growth performance, insect based diet, Oreochromis niloticus, super worm meal, Zophobas morio
Strength and Performance Enhancement of Multilayers by Spatial Tailoring of Adherend Compliance and Morphology via Multimaterial Jetting Additive Manufacturing
Material tailoring of bondlayer compliance is a known effective route to enhance performance of multilayers, and here spatial material-tailoring of compliance and morphology of the adherends is examined. Multimaterial jetting additive manufacturing (AM) allows us to realize for the first time compliance- and morphology-tailored adherends, and evaluate directly the mechanical performance, including failure, of the tensile-loaded multilayers. Adherend compliance-tailoring, unlike bondlayer tailoring, requires additional consideration due to adherend bending stiffness and moment influences on bondlayer stresses. We introduce anisotropic as well as layered/sandwich adherend tailoring to address this dependence. Numerical models show that for both sub-critical and critical bondlengths (at which shear-dominated load transfer occurs through the bondlayer), adherend tailoring reduces peak stresses significantly, particularly peel stress (reductions of 47–80%) that typically controls failure in such systems. At sub-critical bondlengths, the AM-enabled layered/sandwich adherend tailoring shows significantly increased experimental performance over the baseline multilayer: strength is increased by 20%, toughness by 48%, and strain-to-break by 18%, while retaining multilayer stiffness. The adherend tailoring demonstrated here adds to the techniques available to increase the performance of bonded multilayers, suggesting that adherend tailoring is particularly well-suited to additively manufactured multilayers, but can also have application in other areas such as layered electronics and advanced structural composite laminates.Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Award EX2016–000010
Frequency-Doubling of Femtosecond Pulses in “Thick” Nonlinear Crystals With Different Temporal and Spatial Walk-Off Parameters
We present a comparative study on frequency-doubling characteristics of femtosecond
laser pulses in thick nonlinear crystals with different temporal and spatial walk-off
parameters. Using single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) of 260 fs pulses at
1064 nm from a high-average-power femtosecond Yb-fiber laser in 5-mm-long crystals of
β-BaB2O4 (BBO) and BiB3O6 (BIBO), we find that for comparable values of temporal and
spatial walk-off parameters in each crystal, the optimum focusing condition for SHG is more
strongly influenced by spatial walk-off than temporal walk-off. It is also observed that under
such conditions, the Boyd and Kleinman theory commonly used to define the optimum focusing
condition for frequency-doubling of cw and long-pulse lasers is also valid for SHG
of ultrafast lasers. We also investigate the effect of focusing on the spectral, temporal, and
spatial characteristics of the second harmonic (SH) radiation, as well as angular acceptance
bandwidth for the SHG process, under different temporal and spatial walk-off conditions in
the two crystalsPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Local existence of analytical solutions to an incompressible Lagrangian stochastic model in a periodic domain
We consider an incompressible kinetic Fokker Planck equation in the flat
torus, which is a simplified version of the Lagrangian stochastic models for
turbulent flows introduced by S.B. Pope in the context of computational fluid
dynamics. The main difficulties in its treatment arise from a pressure type
force that couples the Fokker Planck equation with a Poisson equation which
strongly depends on the second order moments of the fluid velocity. In this
paper we prove short time existence of analytic solutions in the
one-dimensional case, for which we are able to use techniques and functional
norms that have been recently introduced in the study of a related singular
model.Comment: 32 page
Design of a Novel Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Side Lobe Reduction
The design of an efficient and directive small size antenna, for modern wireless applications, is a major challenge. This paper introduces the design and simulation of new method to enhance the gain and side lobe reduction that improve the performance of a conventional microstrip patch antenna. In this work three models were discussed and analyzed. The first model consists of a reference patch antenna plus superstrate-1 of different thickness. Modification of this model by adding square copper ring represents the second model. In the third model a second superstrate on the top of the square copper ring was added. Simulation results illustrate that the first model gives a small enhancement for the gain and side lobe reduction, only gain enhancement was obtained in the second model and greater enhancement was achieved for the performance of the patch antenna in the third model
Chirped Fractional Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage
Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) is a widely used method for
adiabatic population transfer in a multilevel system. In this work, we study
STIRAP under novel conditions and focus on the fractional, F-STIRAP, which is
known to create a superposition state with the maximum coherence. In both
configurations, STIRAP and F-STIRAP, we implement pulse chirping aiming at a
higher contrast, a broader range of parameters for adiabaticity, and enhanced
spectral selectivity. Such goals target improvement of quantum imaging, sensing
and metrology, and broaden the range of applications of quantum control
techniques and protocols. In conventional STIRAP and F-STIRAP, two-photon
resonance is required conceptually to satisfy the adiabaticity condition for
dynamics within the dark state. Here, we account for a non-zero two-photon
detuning and present control schemes to achieve the adiabatic conditions in
STIRAP and F-STIRAP through a skillful compensation of the two-photon detuning
by pulse chirping. We show that the chirped configuration - C-STIRAP - permits
adiabatic passage to a predetermined state among two nearly degenerate final
states, when conventional STIRAP fails to resolve them. We demonstrate such a
selectivity within a broad range of parameters of the two-photon detuning and
the chirp rate. In the C-F-STIRAP, chirping of the pump and the Stokes pulses
with different time delays permits a complete compensation of the two-photon
detuning and results in a selective maximum coherence of the initial and the
target state with higher spectral resolution than in the conventional F-STIRAP
IL-33 promotes ST2-dependent lung fibrosis by the induction of alternatively activated macrophages and innate lymphoid cells in mice
Background<p></p>
The initiation and regulation of pulmonary fibrosis are not well understood. IL-33, an important cytokine for respiratory diseases, is overexpressed in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.<p></p>
Objectives<p></p>
We aimed to determine the effects and mechanism of IL-33 on the development and severity of pulmonary fibrosis in murine bleomycin-induced fibrosis.<p></p>
Methods<p></p>
Lung fibrosis was induced by bleomycin in wild-type or Il33r (St2)−/− C57BL/6 mice treated with the recombinant mature form of IL-33 or anti–IL-33 antibody or transferred with type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). The development and severity of fibrosis was evaluated based on lung histology, collagen levels, and lavage cytology. Cytokine and chemokine levels were quantified by using quantitative PCR, ELISA, and cytometry.<p></p>
Results<p></p>
IL-33 is constitutively expressed in lung epithelial cells but is induced in macrophages by bleomycin. Bleomycin enhanced the production of the mature but reduced full-length form of IL-33 in lung tissue. ST2 deficiency, anti–IL-33 antibody treatment, or alveolar macrophage depletion attenuated and exogenous IL-33 or adoptive transfer of ILC2s enhanced bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. These pathologic changes were accompanied, respectively, by reduced or increased IL-33, IL-13, TGF-β1, and inflammatory chemokine production in the lung. Furthermore, IL-33 polarized M2 macrophages to produce IL-13 and TGF-β1 and induced the expansion of ILC2s to produce IL-13 in vitro and in vivo.<p></p>
Conclusions<p></p>
IL-33 is a novel profibrogenic cytokine that signals through ST2 to promote the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis by recruiting and directing inflammatory cell function and enhancing profibrogenic cytokine production in an ST2- and macrophage-dependent manner
A secure memristor replicator architecture with physical uncloneability
We present a lightweight and highly versatile architecture for replicating the resistance of a source memristor into a destination memristor. This can be useful for storing or backing up sensed
analogue information, e.g. sensed resistance, voltage, etc, in a single memristor. The architecture, which is simple and power efficient, is also able to produce non-linear digital codes during the
replication process for added security by taking advantage of the non-linear behaviour of memristors. The generated codes can also be used to retrieve the analogue value within acceptable conversion
errors, with circuit elements already built into the replicator. We also show that the architecture demonstrates physical uncloneable properties
Vitamins
This chapter is going to explain a part of the nutrients the human body needs. They are organic compounds called vitamins. Those compounds will be clarified, as well as their benefits, deficiencies, chemical structure, and why the body needs them crucially. Vitamins is an exceptionally vital recognized name required in certain amounts in the body, some of them exist as a complicated natural compounds found in herbal meals. It plays a key function in regular metabolism, the absence of which in the diet causes deficiency and several diseases. Vitamins are differentiated from the trace elements, also found in the weight-reduction plan in small quantities for health, growth, replica, and other crucial metabolism
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