Low values of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) during surgery and anastomotic leak of abdominal trauma patients

Background: There is a well known relationship between hypoperfusion and postoperative complications like anastomotic leak. No studies have been done addressing this relationship in the context of abdominal trauma surgery. Central venous oxygen saturation is an important hypoperfusion marker of potential use in abdominal trauma surgery for identifying the risk of anastomotic leak development. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between low values of central venous oxygen saturation and anastomotic leak of gastrointestinal sutures in the postoperative period in abdominal trauma surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was performed. Patients over 14 years old who required surgical gastrointestinal repair secondary to abdominal trauma were included. Anastomotic leak diagnosis was confirmed through clinical manifestations and diagnostic images or secondary surgery when needed. Central venous oxygen blood saturation was measured at the beginning of surgery through a central catheter. Demographic data, trauma mechanism, anatomic site of trauma, hemoglobin levels, abdominal trauma index, and comorbidities were assessed as secondary variables. Results: Patients who developed anastomotic leak showed lower mean central venous oxygen saturation levels (60.0% ± 2.94%) than those who did not (69.89% ± 7.21%) (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Central venous oxygen saturation <65% was associated with the development of gastrointestinal leak during postoperative time of patients who underwent surgery secondary to abdominal trauma. © 2017 The Author(s)

Energy Consumption Analysis Of Machining Centers Using Bayesian Analysis And Genetic Optimization

Responding to the current urgent need for low carbon emissions and high efficiency in manufacturing processes, the relationships between three different machining factors (depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle rate) on power consumption and surface finish (roughness) were analysed by applying a Bayesian seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model. For the analysis, an optimization criterion was established and minimized by using an optimization algorithm that combines evolutionary algorithm methods with a derivative-based (quasi-Newton) method to find the optimal conditions for energy consumption that obtains a good surface finish quality. A Bayesian ANOVA was also performed to identify the most important factors in terms of variance explanation of the observed outcomes. The data were obtained from a factorial experimental design performed in two computerized numerical control (CNC) vertical machining centers (Haas UMC-750 and Leadwell V-40iT). Some results from this study show that the feed rate is the most influential factor in power consumption, and the depth of cut is the factor with the stronger influence on roughness values. An optimal operational point is found for the three factors with a predictive error of less than 0.01% and 0.03% for the Leadwell V-40iT machine and the Haas UMC-750 machine, respectively

Wood lignocellulosic stabilizers : effect of their characteristics on stability and rheological properties of emulsions

Lignocellulosic materials from the forest industry have shown potential to be used as sustainable hydrocolloids to stabilize emulsions for many applications in life science and chemical industries. However, the effect of wood species and recovery method on the product’s properties and ability to stabilize emulsions of isolated lignocellulosic compounds is not well understood. Hemicelluloses, abundant lignocellulosic side stream, exhibit differences in their water solubility, anionic character, lignin content, and degree of acetylation. Here, we explored stability and rheological properties of model emulsions (5% hexadecane and 1% stabilizer, w/w) stabilized by different grades of sprucewood galactoglucomannan (GGM) and birchwood glucuronoxylan (GX) hemicelluloses. The results were compared to known soluble, insoluble, charged, and non-charged cellulosic stabilizers, namely methyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), anionic- and nonionic-cellulose nanocrystals (aCNC and dCNC). The results showed that GX emulsions were highly stable compared to GGM emulsions, and that deacetylation and lignin removal markedly reduced emulsion stability of GGM. Carboxymethylation to increase anionic characters enhanced the emulsion stabilization capacity of GGM, but not that of GX. Investigating flow behaviors of emulsions indicated that hemicelluloses primarily stabilize emulsions by adsorption of insoluble particles, as their flow behaviors were similar to those of cellulose nanocrystals rather than those of soluble celluloses. Understanding the impact of the variations in composition and properties of hemicellulose stabilizers to stabilize emulsions allows tailoring of their recovery processes to obtain desirable hydrocolloids for different applications.Peer reviewe

Actividad ictiotóxica de miconia coronata (bonpl.) d.c. (melastomataceae)

Miconia coronata (Bonpl.) DC., se homogenizó en n-hexano, diclorometano y acetona (70%). El homogenizado n-hexano se repartió entre n-hexano y MeOH. El homogenizado acetónico se fraccionó secuencialmente en EtOAc, n-BuOH y agua. Se desarrolló un ensayo semi-cuantitativo para la evaluación de ictiotoxicidad contra Poecillia reticulata. El rendimiento máximo (8.4%) y potente actividad ictiotóxica (50%) de la fracción EtOAc guió el fraccionamiento en DIAION HP-20. Los porcentajes de actividad ictiotóxica (%I.A) de las fracciones fueron 1 (5%), 4 (20%), 5 (60%), 6 (100%) y 9 (100%). La fracción metanólica del extracto n-hexano produjo β-Sitosterol por cromatografía en columna sobre SiGel

The phase shift of line solitons for the KP-II equation

The KP-II equation was derived by [B. B. Kadomtsev and V. I. Petviashvili,Sov. Phys. Dokl. vol.15 (1970), 539-541] to explain stability of line solitary waves of shallow water. Stability of line solitons has been proved by [T. Mizumachi, Mem. of vol. 238 (2015), no.1125] and [T. Mizumachi, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A. vol.148 (2018), 149--198]. It turns out the local phase shift of modulating line solitons are not uniform in the transverse direction. In this paper, we obtain the $L^\infty$-bound for the local phase shift of modulating line solitons for polynomially localized perturbations

Integrating physiological data with the conservation and management of fishes: A meta-analytical review using the threatened green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris)

Reversing global declines in the abundance and diversity of fishes is dependent on science-based conservation solutions. A wealth of data exist on the ecophysiological constraints of many fishes, but much of this information is underutilized in recovery plans due to a lack of synthesis. Here, we used the imperiled green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) as an example of how a quantitative synthesis of physiological data can inform conservation plans, identify knowledge gaps and direct future research actions. We reviewed and extracted metadata from peer-reviewed papers on green sturgeon. A total of 105 publications were identified, spanning multiple disciplines, with the primary focus being conservation physiology (23.8%). A meta-analytical approach was chosen to summarize the mean effects of prominent stressors (elevated temperatures, salinity, low food availability and contaminants) on several physiological traits (growth, thermal tolerance, swimming performance and heat shock protein expression). All examined stressors significantly impaired green sturgeon growth, and additional stressor-specific costs were documented. These findings were then used to suggest several management actions, such as mitigating salt intrusion in nursery habitats and maintaining water temperatures within optimal ranges during peak spawning periods. Key data gaps were also identified; research efforts have been biased towards juvenile (38.1%) and adult (35.2%) life-history stages, and less data are available for early life-history stages (embryonic, 11.4%; yolk-sac larvae, 12.4%; and post yolk-sac larvae, 16.2%). Similarly, most data were collected from single-stressor studies (91.4%) and there is an urgent need to understand interactions among stressors as anthropogenic change is multi-variate and dynamic. Collectively, these findings provide an example of how meta-analytic reviews are a powerful tool to inform management actions, with the end goal of maximizing conservation gains from research efforts

Comparison of Psychological Distress between Type 2 Diabetes Patients with and without Proteinuria

We investigated the link between proteinuria and psychological distress among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 130 patients with T2DM aged 69.1±10.3 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Urine and blood parameters, age, height, body weight, and medications were analyzed, and each patient’s psychological distress was measured using the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We compared the K6 scores between the patients with and without proteinuria. Forty-two patients (32.3%) had proteinuria (≥±) and the level of HbA1c was 7.5±1.3%. The K6 scores of the patients with proteinuria were significantly higher than those of the patients without proteinuria even after adjusting for age and sex. The clinical impact of proteinuria rather than age, sex and HbA1c was demonstrated by a multiple regression analysis. Proteinuria was closely associated with higher psychological distress. Preventing and improving proteinuria may reduce psychological distress in patients with T2DM

Estudio etnofarmacológico de plantas usadas empíricamente por posibles efectos inmunoestimulantes

En 32 veredas del área rural del municipio de Villamaría yen los herbolarios del área urbana de los municipios deChinchiná y Manizales, departamento de Caldas, se realizóuna encuesta con el fin de indagar sobre el uso de plantasmedicinales como inmunoestimulantes o antiinfecciosas. Seencontró un uso muy difundido de diversas especies vegetalesen el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas. La mayoríade estas especies se encuentran referenciadas por suuso tradicional y empírico, una buena parte están aceptadasen el Listado de Recursos Naturales Empíricos que oficialmenteaceptó Minsalud-INVIMA, para sucomercialización en el país. A seis especies de uso muy frecuenteno se les encontró información científica de sus propiedadesmedicinales y serán objeto de una investigaciónexperimental posterior; es de anotar que unas pocas tienencontraindicaciones y toxicidad grave, pero esto es desconocidopor quienes las recomiendan, las venden o las usan.Las plantas y los conocimientos de sus indicaciones terapéuticaslos obtienen los herbolarios de los propios campesinosde la región. Se reitera la importancia de continuar realizandoestos estudios etnofarmacológicos con el fin de conservarescrita esta valiosa tradición, elemento fundamentalen la Atención Primaria en Salud y antes de que se pierdairremediablemente a causa de la deforestación, de la muertede las personas ancianas quienes son los depositarios de estosconocimientos y de la aculturización creciente de nuestrapoblación

Estudio etnofarmacológico de plantas usadas empíricamente por posibles efectos inmunoestimulantes

En 32 veredas del área rural del municipio de Villamaría yen los herbolarios del área urbana de los municipios deChinchiná y Manizales, departamento de Caldas, se realizóuna encuesta con el fin de indagar sobre el uso de plantasmedicinales como inmunoestimulantes o antiinfecciosas. Seencontró un uso muy difundido de diversas especies vegetalesen el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas. La mayoríade estas especies se encuentran referenciadas por suuso tradicional y empírico, una buena parte están aceptadasen el Listado de Recursos Naturales Empíricos que oficialmenteaceptó Minsalud-INVIMA, para sucomercialización en el país. A seis especies de uso muy frecuenteno se les encontró información científica de sus propiedadesmedicinales y serán objeto de una investigaciónexperimental posterior; es de anotar que unas pocas tienencontraindicaciones y toxicidad grave, pero esto es desconocidopor quienes las recomiendan, las venden o las usan.Las plantas y los conocimientos de sus indicaciones terapéuticaslos obtienen los herbolarios de los propios campesinosde la región. Se reitera la importancia de continuar realizandoestos estudios etnofarmacológicos con el fin de conservarescrita esta valiosa tradición, elemento fundamentalen la Atención Primaria en Salud y antes de que se pierdairremediablemente a causa de la deforestación, de la muertede las personas ancianas quienes son los depositarios de estosconocimientos y de la aculturización creciente de nuestrapoblación