Equine Herpesvirus type 1 and 4 in Individually Reared Horses in Central and Western Turkey

The objective of the study was to investigate EHV type 1 and 4 infections serologically in individually reared horses in Turkey. Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) and 4 comprise two distinct viruses of horses of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. EHV1 is a major cause of abortion, respiratory and neurological disorders in horses. EHV4 is responsible for respiratory disease in foals. In this study, EHV1 and 4 infections were investigated serologically in individually reared horses in Turkey. A total of 188 unvaccinated horses in four provinces were sampled and tested using indirect ELISA. EHV1- specific antibodies were found to be in three out of four provinces as 3.7% (7/188) between 4.5–6.9%. Test results showed that EHV4 is more prevalent than EHV1, the proportion varied among 48.4% and 65.7% in four provinces, 107 out of 188 samples (56.9%) were found to be seropositive. This is the first serological investigation for EHV1 and EHV4 in Turkey

Immobilization of catalase via adsorption into natural and modified active carbon obtained from walnut in various methods

In the present work, the immobilization of catalase into natural active carbon and active carbon modified by hydrochloric acid was carried out. In the experimental section, the effects of pH, ionic strength andreaction temperature were chosen as parameters, with experiments performed in batch system. For the optimization of immobilization procedure, values of kinetic parameters were evaluated. It was observedthat storage and operational stabilities of the enzyme increased with immobilization. The results obtained from experiments showed that active carbon is a valuable support for the adsorption of enzymes

Türkiye Yükseköğretim Sisteminde Reform İhtiyacı ve Devlet Üniversitelerinde Mütevelli Heyeti Yönetiminin Uygulanabilirliği

Based on the views of the senior administrators, the aim of this study is to present the challenges of the higher education system in Turkey and to analyze the possibility of governance of state universities by the board of trustees. Using in-depth interview technique, this qualitative study was carried out with the participation of twelve administrators, including three members from Executive Committee of the Turkish Board of Higher Education (BHE) as well as nine current/past rectors or vice-rectors at state universities. Results of the study show that structures such as academic senate and university executive boards do not sufficiently fulfill their function, rectors are quite powerful at universities, audits are not effective at universities, universities are not accountable to the public, and the election of rectors by the faculty should be abolished due to the serious problems it causes. As for the possibility of governing state universities by establishing the board of trustees, the majority of participants are of the view that it would be successful at state universities with check and balances in place, nonetheless the others stated that it would bring new problems at the state universities due to cultural and political concerns.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yükseköğretim sisteminde karşı karşıya olunan sorunları ortaya koymak ve yükseköğretim yöneticilerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak devlet üniversitelerinde mütevelli sisteminin uygulanmasının bu sorunlara ne ölçüde çözüm olabileceğini incelemektir. Çalışma, derinlemesine görüşme tekniğinin kullanıldığı nitel bir araştırmadır. Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) Yürütme Kurulundan üç üye ile devlet üniversitelerinde rektör veya rektör yardımcılığı yapmış/yapmakta olan dokuz yönetici olmak üzere toplam 12 yöneticinin katılımı ile çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada üniversitelerdeki yönetim kurulu ve senato gibi yapıların işlevlerini yeterince gerçekleştiremediği, üniversitelerde rektörlerin aşırı güçlü bir konumda olduğu, üniversitelerin denetimlerinin etkili bir şekilde yapılmadığı, üniversitelerin hesap verebilir bir yapıda olmadığı ve rektörlük seçimlerinin ciddi sorunlara yol açtığı gibi bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Mütevelli heyeti konusunda katılımcıların önemli kısmı iyi bir düzenleme ile mütevelli heyeti sisteminin devlet üniversitelerinde başarılı olabileceği görüşünde iken, daha az sayıda katılımcı ise kültürel ve politik nedenlerden dolayı mütevelli sisteminin devlet üniversitelerinde uygulanmasının yeni sorunlara yol açabileceği görüşündedir

Caching and D2D sharing for content delivery in software-defined UAV networks

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.In cases of catastrophic events such as natural disasters or physical calamities, current network infrastructure can become inoperative. Furthermore, there are transient events leading to excessive demand surges where it is needed to deploy additional network capacity on-demand. In such cases, rapid network deployments become vital to establish communications and enable networked services. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks are good candidates for this kind of operation. Software-defined networking and content-centric operation are promising technologies to enable agile control, network visibility and efficient content delivery via centralized optimization in these challenged systems. In this work, we consider an edge network which is composed of UAVs and serves in a content-centric mode with in-network caching and device-to-device (D2D) transmissions. We develop a cache placement and selection scheme for energy efficient operation. We also investigate how such a system performs under different operating conditions

Deep levels in a-plane, high Mg-content MgxZn1-xO epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Deep level defects in n-type unintentionally doped a-plane MgxZn1−xO, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on r-plane sapphire were fully characterized using deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) and related methods. Four compositions of MgxZn1−xO were examined with x = 0.31, 0.44, 0.52, and 0.56 together with a control ZnO sample. DLOS measurements revealed the presence of five deep levels in each Mg-containing sample, having energy levels of Ec − 1.4 eV, 2.1 eV, 2.6 V, and Ev + 0.3 eV and 0.6 eV. For all Mg compositions, the activation energies of the first three states were constant with respect to the conduction band edge, whereas the latter two revealed constant activation energies with respect to the valence band edge. In contrast to the ternary materials, only three levels, at Ec − 2.1 eV, Ev + 0.3 eV, and 0.6 eV, were observed for the ZnO control sample in this systematically grown series of samples. Substantially higher concentrations of the deep levels at Ev + 0.3 eV and Ec − 2.1 eV were observed in ZnO compared to the Mg alloyed samples. Moreover, there is a general invariance of trap concentration of the Ev + 0.3 eV and 0.6 eV levels on Mg content, while at least and order of magnitude dependency of the Ec − 1.4 eV and Ec − 2.6 eV levels in Mg alloyed samples

Multidetector computed tomography findings of an asymptomatic levoatrial cardinal vein with an interatrial course

A 57-year-old female patient with a family history of coronary artery diseaseadmitted to our hospital for the coronary check-up. A coronary angiographywas performed with ECG-gated 128 slice dual source computed tomography.Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) showed, in addition to the normalcoronary arteries, a persistent levoatrial cardinal vein (LCV) draining into vena cavasuperior. ECG-gated cardiac MDCT is a useful tool showing the origin, course, anddrainage site of LCV

Effect of clitoral massage on levels of estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and pregnancy rate in cows

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of clitoral massage on levels of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and pregnancy rate in cows. For this purpose, 38 Holstein cows ranging from 3-6 years old were used. The cows were divided into two groups, as control (n=19) and application (n=19). The degree of intensity of oestrus expression was scored on a scale of 0 to 5 by considering knowledge of anamnesis, findings of rectal palpation and inspection as a criteria. All animals of both groups were artificially inseminated by recto-vaginal method with frozen-thawed bull semen. Clitoral massage was applied to the cows in the application group for 15-30 sec. after artificial insemination. Blood samples were then taken from jugular vein and centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 m., and serum samples were stored deep-frozen at -20 oC. Levels of E2, T and DHEA-S were determined by RIA method. All animals were examined by rectal palpation of the uterus for pregnancy on day 75 after insemination. Clitoral massage application had no significant effect on the levels of E2, T, DHEA-S and pregnancy rate in cows. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the degree of the intensity of oestrus between control and application groups. A significant negative correlation (P<0.01, r = -0.93) was found between levels of E2 and T

Cooperative caching and video characteristics in D2D edge networks

© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Device-to-device (D2D) transmissions in wireless edge networks are promising for optimizing system-wide energy consumption and improving system service capacity. Cooperative content caching similarly serves efficiency goals for data-intensive applications in edge networks. In this work, we propose two cooperative cache replacement algorithms in D2D networks to support these techniques: i) distance-based ii) priority-class based. Video content dissemination in an edge network is our main use-case. In such content traffic, video characteristics have a significant impact on the system behavior. Therefore, we also investigate the effect of content scene change dynamics in our system. Distance based cooperation outperforms LRU, MIN-ACC and SXO in terms of goodput while priority-class based approach consumes less energy than MIN-ACC with almost the same consumption as LRU, especially under fast changing scene regime. Besides, it is energy-wise slightly more rewarding than SXO for the fastest-changing scene case