Mammographic density and ageing:A collaborative pooled analysis of cross-sectional data from 22 countries worldwide

BACKGROUND: Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest breast cancer risk factors. Its age-related characteristics have been studied in women in western countries, but whether these associations apply to women worldwide is not known. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We examined cross-sectional differences in MD by age and menopausal status in over 11,000 breast-cancer-free women aged 35-85 years, from 40 ethnicity- and location-specific population groups across 22 countries in the International Consortium on Mammographic Density (ICMD). MD was read centrally using a quantitative method (Cumulus) and its square-root metrics were analysed using meta-analysis of group-level estimates and linear regression models of pooled data, adjusted for body mass index, reproductive factors, mammogram view, image type, and reader. In all, 4,534 women were premenopausal, and 6,481 postmenopausal, at the time of mammography. A large age-adjusted difference in percent MD (PD) between post- and premenopausal women was apparent (-0.46 cm [95% CI: -0.53, -0.39]) and appeared greater in women with lower breast cancer risk profiles; variation across population groups due to heterogeneity (I2) was 16.5%. Among premenopausal women, the √PD difference per 10-year increase in age was -0.24 cm (95% CI: -0.34, -0.14; I2 = 30%), reflecting a compositional change (lower dense area and higher non-dense area, with no difference in breast area). In postmenopausal women, the corresponding difference in √PD (-0.38 cm [95% CI: -0.44, -0.33]; I2 = 30%) was additionally driven by increasing breast area. The study is limited by different mammography systems and its cross-sectional rather than longitudinal nature. CONCLUSIONS: Declines in MD with increasing age are present premenopausally, continue postmenopausally, and are most pronounced over the menopausal transition. These effects were highly consistent across diverse groups of women worldwide, suggesting that they result from an intrinsic biological, likely hormonal, mechanism common to women. If cumulative breast density is a key determinant of breast cancer risk, younger ages may be the more critical periods for lifestyle modifications aimed at breast density and breast cancer risk reduction

Pesi da telaio romani dalla Venetia fra archeologia, epigrafia e archeometria

Nel quadro di un Progetto sulla lavorazione della lana nella Venetia romana condotto dall\u2019Universit\ue0 di Padova, il contributo presenta i risultati di un\u2019analisi integrata fra archeologia, epigrafia e archeometria relativamente a una serie di pesi da telaio rinvenuti a fine Ottocento presso Castagnaro (Verona). I manufatti, con buona probabilit\ue0 prodotti in una stessa fornace, offrono l\u2019occasione per una riflessione sulla bollatura di tale categoria di oggetti e sull\u2019organizzazione del lavoro nelle figlinae romane

Olio e pesce in epoca romana nell'alto e medio Adriatico

Per un esame della produzione olearia e ittico-conserviera nell’Alto e Medio Adriatico si è scelto di tenere distinti i due ambiti di ricerca e di articolare ciascuno di essi per aree geografiche, date le significative differenze che emergono dall’analisi dei dati disponibili: si partirà dalle coste dell’Alto Adriatico italiano (Emilia Romagna, Veneto e Friuli Venezia Giulia) (M.S. Busana) per passare poi a quelle istriane (Slovenia e Croazia) (C. D'Incà) e infine scendere al settore del Medio Adriatico (Marche) (S. Forti), previlegiando talora confini legati più a unità fisiografiche che di tipo amministrativo. Per ciascuno dei casi regionali considerati, si è proceduto alla rassegna della documentazione archeologica antica, tenendo in considerazione anche il contesto geomorfologico e ambientale, nonché l’eventuale continuità delle attestazioni produttive nel tempo

20,000 Years of Landscape Evolution at Ca' Tron (Venice, Italy): Palaeoenvironment, Archaeology, Virtual Reality WEBGIS

Ca\u2019 Tron is located in the lower part of the Venetian plain, at the inner margin of the Lagoon of Venice. Archaeological evidence in the 11 sq.km -large study area ranges from the Late Mesolithic/Ancient Neolithic Age to the Middle Ages. The most prominent archaeological feature is a stretch of the Roman via Annia, which was built in the 2nd century BC, but which in the study area may have followed an earlier, protohistoric track. The geoarchaeological research project, started in 2000, aims to understand how past human settlements and infrastructures interacted with the dynamic environmental conditions of this coastal alluvial plain. The research strategy of the multidisciplinary investigation is presented. Methods of data acquisition range from archaeological survey and excavation to pollen analysis, remote sensing, geomorphological mapping, sedimentology and palaeopedology. The reconstruction of landscapes in periods of interest (e.g. Last Glacial Maximum, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman Age, Middle Ages) is discussed, as part of an ongoing attempt to use palaeoenvironmental data to build robust and immersive web-based 3D virtualreality landscape reconstructions

The Ca' Tron Project (Venice, Italy): palaeoenviroment, archaeology, VR webGIS

none7- ISSN:nonePescarin S.; Busana M.S.; Bondesan A.; Miola A.; Mozzi P.; Kirschner P.; Villani M.CPescarin, S.; Busana, MARIA STELLA; Bondesan, Aldino; Miola, Antonella; Mozzi, Paolo; Kirschner, P.; Villani, M. C