1,767 research outputs found
Topological Crystalline Insulator and Quantum Anomalous Hall States in IV-VI based Monolayers and their Quantum Wells
Different from the two-dimensional (2D) topological insulator, the 2D
topological crystalline insulator (TCI) phase disappears when the mirror
symmetry is broken, e.g., upon placing on a substrate. Here, based on a new
family of 2D TCIs - SnTe and PbTe monolayers - we theoretically predict the
realization of the quantum anomalous Hall effect with Chern number C = 2 even
when the mirror symmetry is broken. Remarkably, we also demonstrate that the
considered materials retain their large-gap topological properties in quantum
well structures obtained by sandwiching the monolayers between NaCl layers. Our
results demonstrate that the TCIs can serve as a seed for observing robust
topologically non-trivial phases.Comment: 5 pages, submitted on 27th Feb 201
EP-1177: Designing, coding and implementing a software solution for daily output QA using an Electronic Portal Imaging Device
Distinct magnetotransport and orbital fingerprints of chiral bobbers
While chiral magnetic skyrmions have been attracting significant attention in
the past years, recently, a new type of a chiral particle emerging in thin
films a chiral bobber has been theoretically predicted and
experimentally observed. Here, based on theoretical arguments, we provide a
clear pathway to utilizing chiral bobbers for the purposes of future
spintronics by uncovering that these novel chiral states possess inherent
transport fingerprints that allow for their unambiguous electrical detection in
systems comprising several types of chiral states. We reveal that unique
transport and orbital characteristics of bobbers root in the non-trivial
magnetization distribution in the vicinity of the Bloch points, and demonstrate
that tuning the details of the Bloch point topology can be used to drastically
alter the emergent response properties of chiral bobbers to external fields,
which bears great potential for engineering chiral dynamics and cognitive
computing.Comment: Supplementary available upon reques
Long-lived Giant Number Fluctuations in a Swarming Granular Nematic
Coherently moving flocks of birds, beasts or bacteria are examples of living
matter with spontaneous orientational order. How do these systems differ from
thermal equilibrium systems with such liquid-crystalline order? Working with a
fluidized monolayer of macroscopic rods in the nematic liquid crystalline
phase, we find giant number fluctuations consistent with a standard deviation
growing linearly with the mean, in contrast to any situation where the Central
Limit Theorem applies. These fluctuations are long-lived, decaying only as a
logarithmic function of time. This shows that flocking, coherent motion and
large-scale inhomogeneity can appear in a system in which particles do not
communicate except by contact.Comment: This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by
permission of the AAAS. The definitive version is to appear in SCIENC
Exploring the geochemistry and shell ultrastructure of bivalves as archives of past ocean acidification events: recent Mytilidae in a natural acidic setting in Ischia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea)
Marine bivalve geochemistry and shell ultrastructure from modern low pH environments
Abstract. Bivalve shells can provide excellent archives of past environmental change but have not been used to interpret ocean acidification events. We investigated carbon, oxygen and trace element records from different shell layers in the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (from the Mediterranean) and M. edulis (from the Wadden Sea) combined with detailed investigations of the shell ultrastructure. Mussels from the harbour of Ischia (Mediterranean, Italy) were transplanted and grown in water with mean pHT 7.3 and mean pHT 8.1 near CO2 vents on the east coast of the island of Ischia. The shells of transplanted mussels were compared with M. edulis collected at pH ~8.2 from Sylt (German Wadden Sea). Most prominently, the shells recorded the shock of transplantation, both in their shell ultrastructure, textural and geochemical record. Shell calcite, precipitated subsequently under acidified seawater responded to the pH gradient by an in part disturbed ultrastructure. Geochemical data from all test sites show a strong metabolic effect that exceeds the influence of the low-pH environment. These field experiments showed that care is needed when interpreting potential ocean acidification signals because various parameters affect shell chemistry and ultrastructure. Besides metabolic processes, seawater pH, factors such as salinity, water temperature, food availability and population density all affect the biogenic carbonate shell archive.</jats:p
Once-daily tiotropium and olodaterol fixed-dose combination via the Respimat® improves outcomes versus mono-components in COPD in two 1-year studies
A role for fast rhythmic bursting neurons in cortical gamma oscillations in vitro
Basic cellular and network mechanisms underlying gamma frequency oscillations (30–80 Hz) have been well characterized in the hippocampus and associated structures. In these regions, gamma rhythms are seen as an emergent property of networks of principal cells and fast-spiking interneurons. In contrast, in the neocortex a number of elegant studies have shown that specific types of principal neuron exist that are capable of generating powerful gamma frequency outputs on the basis of their intrinsic conductances alone. These fast rhythmic bursting (FRB) neurons (sometimes referred to as "chattering" cells) are activated by sensory stimuli and generate multiple action potentials per gamma period. Here, we demonstrate that FRB neurons may function by providing a large-scale input to an axon plexus consisting of gap-junctionally connected axons from both FRB neurons and their anatomically similar counterparts regular spiking neurons. The resulting network gamma oscillation shares all of the properties of gamma oscillations generated in the hippocampus but with the additional critical dependence on multiple spiking in FRB cells
Satellite Time -Dilation Measurement
Contains a report on a research project.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NASw-143)Lincoln Laboratory (Purchase Order B-00306)United States ArmyUnited States NavyUnited States Air Force (Contract AF19(604)-5200
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