Controlling the composition of a confined fluid by an electric field

Starting from a generic model of a pore/bulk mixture equilibrium, we propose a novel method for modulating the composition of the confined fluid without having to modify the bulk state. To achieve this, two basic mechanisms - sensitivity of the pore filling to the bulk thermodynamic state and electric field effect - are combined. We show by Monte Carlo simulation that the composition can be controlled both in a continuous and in a jumpwise way. Near the bulk demixing instability, we demonstrate a field induced population inversion in the pore. The conditions for the realization of this method should be best met with colloids, but being based on robust and generic mechanisms, it should also be applicable to some molecular fluids.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

An Intrisic Topology for Orthomodular Lattices

We present a general way to define a topology on orthomodular lattices. We show that in the case of a Hilbert lattice, this topology is equivalent to that induced by the metrics of the corresponding Hilbert space. Moreover, we show that in the case of a boolean algebra, the obtained topology is the discrete one. Thus, our construction provides a general tool for studying orthomodular lattices but also a way to distinguish classical and quantum logics.Comment: Under submission to the International Journal of Theoretical Physic

A phenomenological theory giving the full statistics of the position of fluctuating pulled fronts

We propose a phenomenological description for the effect of a weak noise on the position of a front described by the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov equation or any other travelling wave equation in the same class. Our scenario is based on four hypotheses on the relevant mechanism for the diffusion of the front. Our parameter-free analytical predictions for the velocity of the front, its diffusion constant and higher cumulants of its position agree with numerical simulations.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Reweighting of the form factors in exclusive B --> X ell nu decays

A form factor reweighting technique has been elaborated to permit relatively easy comparisons between different form factor models applied to exclusive B --> X l nu decays. The software tool developped for this purpose is described. It can be used with any event generator, three of which were used in this work: ISGW2, PHSP and FLATQ2, a new powerful generator. The software tool allows an easy and reliable implementation of any form factor model. The tool has been fully validated with the ISGW2 form factor hypothesis. The results of our present studies indicate that the combined use of the FLATQ2 generator and the form factor reweighting tool should play a very important role in future exclusive |Vub| measurements, with largely reduced errors.Comment: accepted for publication by EPJ

Universal behavior of QCD amplitudes at high energy from general tools of statistical physics

We show that high energy scattering is a statistical process essentially similar to reaction-diffusion in a system made of a finite number of particles. The Balitsky-JIMWLK equations correspond to the time evolution law for the particle density. The squared strong coupling constant plays the role of the minimum particle density. Discreteness is related to the finite number of partons one may observe in a given event and has a sizeable effect on physical observables. Using general tools developed recently in statistical physics, we derive the universal terms in the rapidity dependence of the saturation scale and the scaling form of the amplitude, which come as the leading terms in a large rapidity and small coupling expansion.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures; v2: Secs. 2 and 3 substantially rewritten and Sec. 4 expanded in order to make more explicit the connection with statistical physics. Acknowledgment and reference added. Results and conclusions unchanged. To appear in Phys. Lett.

Effect of selection on ancestry: an exactly soluble case and its phenomenological generalization

We consider a family of models describing the evolution under selection of a population whose dynamics can be related to the propagation of noisy traveling waves. For one particular model, that we shall call the exponential model, the properties of the traveling wave front can be calculated exactly, as well as the statistics of the genealogy of the population. One striking result is that, for this particular model, the genealogical trees have the same statistics as the trees of replicas in the Parisi mean-field theory of spin glasses. We also find that in the exponential model, the coalescence times along these trees grow like the logarithm of the population size. A phenomenological picture of the propagation of wave fronts that we introduced in a previous work, as well as our numerical data, suggest that these statistics remain valid for a larger class of models, while the coalescence times grow like the cube of the logarithm of the population size.Comment: 26 page

Duality in interacting particle systems and boson representation

In the context of Markov processes, we show a new scheme to derive dual processes and a duality function based on a boson representation. This scheme is applicable to a case in which a generator is expressed by boson creation and annihilation operators. For some stochastic processes, duality relations have been known, which connect continuous time Markov processes with discrete state space and those with continuous state space. We clarify that using a generating function approach and the Doi-Peliti method, a birth-death process (or discrete random walk model) is naturally connected to a differential equation with continuous variables, which would be interpreted as a dual Markov process. The key point in the derivation is to use bosonic coherent states as a bra state, instead of a conventional projection state. As examples, we apply the scheme to a simple birth-coagulation process and a Brownian momentum process. The generator of the Brownian momentum process is written by elements of the SU(1,1) algebra, and using a boson realization of SU(1,1) we show that the same scheme is available.Comment: 13 page

Data sources for rescuing the rich heritage of Mediterranean historical surface climate data

10.1002/gdj3.4Availability of long-term and high-quality instrumental climate records is still insufficient and the rich heritage of meteorological surface observations is largely underexploited in many parts of the world. This is particularly striking over the Greater Mediterranean region (GMR), where meteorological observations have been taken since the 18th century at some locations. The lack of high quality and long series here is despite this region being regarded as a climate change hot spot. This article mainly assesses relevant sources containing Mediterranean historical climate data and metadata either from online repositories worldwide or physical archives, with the emphasis here on the rich holdings kept at French archives. A particular case study is the data rescue (DARE) program undertaken by the Algerian National Meteorological Service, as well as some of the past and ongoing projects and initiatives aimed at enhancing climate data availability and accessibility over the GMR. Our findings point to the high potential for undertaking DARE activities over the GMR and the need for bringing longer and higher quality climate time series to support a diverse number of scientific and technical assessments and policies

Clustering properties of a generalised critical Euclidean network

Many real-world networks exhibit scale-free feature, have a small diameter and a high clustering tendency. We have studied the properties of a growing network, which has all these features, in which an incoming node is connected to its $i$th predecessor of degree $k_i$ with a link of length $\ell$ using a probability proportional to $k^\beta_i \ell^{\alpha}$. For $\alpha > -0.5$, the network is scale free at $\beta = 1$ with the degree distribution $P(k) \propto k^{-\gamma}$ and $\gamma = 3.0$ as in the Barab\'asi-Albert model ($\alpha =0, \beta =1$). We find a phase boundary in the $\alpha-\beta$ plane along which the network is scale-free. Interestingly, we find scale-free behaviour even for $\beta > 1$ for $\alpha < -0.5$ where the existence of a new universality class is indicated from the behaviour of the degree distribution and the clustering coefficients. The network has a small diameter in the entire scale-free region. The clustering coefficients emulate the behaviour of most real networks for increasing negative values of $\alpha$ on the phase boundary.Comment: 4 pages REVTEX, 4 figure