Voltage and current spectra for matrix power converters

Matrix power converters are used for transforming one alternating-current power supply to another, with different peak voltage and frequency. There are three input lines, with sinusoidally varying voltages which are 120◦ out of phase one from another, and the output is to be delivered as a similar three-phase supply. The matrix converter switches rapidly, to connect each output line in sequence to each of the input lines in an attempt to synthesize the prescribed output voltages. The switching is carried out at high frequency and it is of practical importance to know the frequency spectra of the output voltages and of the input and output currents. We determine in this paper these spectra using a new method, which has significant advantages over the prior default method (a multiple Fourier series technique), leading to a considerably more direct calculation. In particular, the determination of the input current spectrum is feasible here, whereas it would be a significantly more daunting procedure using the prior method instead

Software fault characteristics: A synthesis of the literature

Faults continue to be a significant problem in software. Understanding the nature of these faults is important for practitioners and researchers. There are many published fault characteristics schemes but no one scheme dominates. Consequently it is difficult for practitioners to effectively evaluate the nature of faults in their software systems, and it is difficult for researchers to compare the types of faults found by different fault detection techniques. In this paper we synthesise previous fault characteristics schemes into one comprehensive scheme. Our scheme provides a richer view of faults than the previous schemes published and presents a comprehensive, unified approach which accommodates the many previous schemes. A characteristics-based view of faults should be considered by future researchers in the analysis of software faults and in the design and evaluation of new fault detection tools. We recommend that our fault characteristics scheme be used as a benchmark scheme

Trends in objectives in elementary school social studies as shown in state courses of study and state curriculum materials

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Reviewing the Evidence Base for Careers Work in Schools

A Transitions Review Group was established by CeGS in 2000. It comprised policy-makers, senior managers, practitioners and researchers from a range of organisations with an interest in education, guidance and youth support. The group’s mission was to contribute to the synthesis and dissemination of research evidence to key stakeholders in guidance in order to enable future policy and practice developments to be evidence-based. With the support of the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), which is part of the Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London, the Transitions Review Group completed two systematic literature reviews

Impact of Oxidation State on Reactivity and Selectivity Differences between Nickel(III) and Nickel(IV) Alkyl Complexes

Described is a systematic comparison of factors impacting the relative rates and selectivities of C(sp3)−C and C(sp3)−O bond‐forming reactions at high‐valent Ni as a function of oxidation state. Two Ni complexes are compared: a cationic octahedral NiIV complex ligated by tris(pyrazolyl)borate and a cationic octahedral NiIII complex ligated by tris(pyrazolyl)methane. Key features of reactivity/selectivity are revealed: 1) C(sp3)−C(sp2) bond‐forming reductive elimination occurs from both centers, but the NiIII complex reacts up to 300‐fold faster than the NiIV, depending on the reaction conditions. The relative reactivity is proposed to derive from ligand dissociation kinetics, which vary as a function of oxidation state and the presence/absence of visible light. 2) Upon the addition of acetate (AcO−), the NiIV complex exclusively undergoes C(sp3)−OAc bond formation, while the NiIII analogue forms the C(sp3)−C(sp2) coupled product selectively. This difference is rationalized based on the electrophilicity of the respective M−C(sp3) bonds, and thus their relative reactivity towards outer‐sphere SN2‐type bond‐forming reactions.The high point: This report describes a systematic comparison of factors impacting the relative rates and selectivities of C(sp3)−C and C(sp3)−O bond‐forming reactions at high‐valent Ni centers as a function of oxidation state (NiIII versus NiIV). Two Ni complexes are compared: a cationic octahedral NiIV complex ligated by tris(pyrazolyl)borate and a cationic octahedral NiIII complex ligated by tris(pyrazolyl)methane.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150547/1/anie201903638.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150547/2/anie201903638-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150547/3/anie201903638_am.pd

Establishing the baseline in groundwater chemistry in connection with shale-gas exploration: Vale of Pickering, UK

The baseline chemistry of groundwater from two aquifers in the Vale of Pickering, North Yorkshire, has been investigated ahead of a proposal to explore for shale gas, planning permission for which has recently been granted. Groundwater in a shallow aquifer including Quaternary and/or Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay deposits shows compositions distinct from a Corallian (Jurassic) Limestone aquifer, reflecting different lithologies and hydrogeological conditions. Corallian groundwaters along the margins of the vale are controlled by reaction with carbonate, with redox conditions varying according to degree of aquifer confinement. Superficial aquifer groundwaters are confined and strongly reducing, with some observed high concentrations of dissolved CH4 (up to 37 mg/L; Feb 2016 data). This appears to be of mixed biogenic-thermogenic origin but further work is needed to determine whether the source includes a deeper hydrocarbon reservoir contributing via fractures, or a shallower source in the Quaternary or Kimmeridge sediments. The data show a shallow aquifer with a high-CH4 baseline which pre-dates any shale-gas activity

Community Health Evaluation in Normanton

The Community Health research project was based in the Normanton Neighbourhood Renewal area of Derby. It involved five key parties; the Derby City Partnership, Derby City Primary Care Trust, the Derby City Council Environmental Health and Trading Standards Department, the Centre for Community Regeneration and the International Centre for Guidance Studies (iCeGS) at the University of Derby. The research activities were led by the iCeGS. The project had two main objectives. The first was to map health-related service provision in the Normanton area, and then secondly, to ascertain the reach and impact of that provision. An important sub-component of the evaluation element was to enhance community capacity by recruiting and training a group of community evaluators in research and evaluation techniques to become competent community evaluators