GSM Based Generator Monitoring System for Steel Melting Shop

Steel making processes are highly energy intensive and comprised of many complex unit operations. Iron ore and coal need preprocessing before feeding into a reactor, and molten metal from different reactors needs to be carefully drawn into a solid metal and then rolled into sheets. Each of these operations has a stake in the quality of steel produced, and needs constant monitoring and need continuous power supply for fabrication. If a power failure occurs the production will be stopped, time delay increases for finishing fabrication. In some cases we can loss consumer due to unsatisfactory. My Project focuses the detection of power failure and takes reflex action to solve the problem with help of modem communication using GSM. The power failure will be intimated to the Microcontroller it drive the GSM modem to send a text message to the concern person mobile number which was already programmed in Microcontroller and also monitoring the parameter are temperature, oil level, fuel level and when they exceed predefined limits an automatically intimated to authorized person and also This system can be designed to send SMS alerts whenever the Circuit Breaker (Relay) trips and simulation result done by using LabVIEW software

Switching pulse generation for DC-DC boost converter using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor

This paper explains steps to generate switching pulse using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor for DC-DC boost converter. The switching pulse generated using Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) with Xilinx-ISE. VHDL is a programming language, which is used to model and design any complex circuits in a dynamic environment. This paper gives the course of action for generation of switching pulses for dc-dc boost converter using Xilinx-ISE and matlab simulink. The switching pulse generated using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA-Spartan 6 processor compared with switching pulse generated using matlab

Evaluation of oryzalin-induced putative polyploids of Jasminum sambac cv. Ramanathapuram Gundumalli

The aim of the research was to create genetic variations in Jasminum sambac using oryzalin as a polyploidizing agent. Rooted stem cuttings of J. sambac were treated with oryzalin (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05%) and their vegetative and flowering parameters were recorded on 150 days after treatment. The study revealed that the higher concentration of oryzalin (0.05%) caused reduction in plant height, internodal length, number of flowering cymes per plant and number of flower buds per cyme. However, the same treatment significantly enhanced certain vegetative parameters viz., number of secondary branches, stem girth, number of leaves and leaf area, and flowering parameters namely flower bud length, corolla tube length, flower bud girth, diameter of open flower and hundred flower bud weight. High GCV was recorded in major yield attributing traits, i.e. number of flowering cymes per plant and hundred flower bud weight. High heritability and genetic advance registered for the traits viz., plant height, number of secondary branches, internodal length, number of flowering cymes, flower bud girth and hundred flower bud weight per plant indicates least influence by environment and selection such characters may be useful

Morpho-anatomy of diploid and triploid Musa cultivars CO 2 and CO 3 male inflorescence and its implications in micropropagation

Banana (Musa spp.) is a major staple fruit and cash crop globally cultivated, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. It exhibits a complex inflorescence, which plays a vital role in its reproductive process. The inflorescence of bananas by distinct morphological and anatomical features that vary among different species and cultivars. Tissue culture techniques have emerged as pivotal tools that offer rapid propagation methods, utilising various explants to meet growing demands and enhance crop resilience. This study evaluated the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Musa paradisiaca cultivars CO 2 and CO 3, focusing on their potential as explants in tissue culture. Key differences between these two lines include floral axis orientation, bract pigmentation, flower structure and flower quantity. Notably, CO 2 exhibited the presence of papillae, whereas CO 3 lacked them. Both cultivars contained calcium oxalate crystals and raphides, which define their distinct anatomical traits and enhance their suitability for micropropagation. Furthermore, tissue culture experiments demonstrated early greening, faster callus formation and efficient shoot regeneration, with CO 2 demonstrating a slightly superior response to CO 3. The male inflorescences of both cultivars, when cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, responded within a greening time of approximately 16.2 days, swelling within 28.4 days and bud formation ranging from 2 to 6 per cluster, leading to the production of 12 to15 per nodal cluster. These findings suggest that male inflorescences have significant potential for efficient micropropagation, providing a valuable resource for banana cultivation and genetic improvement

Morpho-Agronomic Diversity in Pole-Type Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces from Lushai Hills of North-East India

The present study was based on morphological and agronomical characterization of 23 pole-type common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces collected from Lushai hills of North-East India. Extensive variation in plant and seed traits was found in 16 morphological and agronomical characters. Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance grouped the genotypes into five main branches, reflecting their growth type and reproductive traits. Significant positive or negative correlation was observed among important traits. Principal component analysis was used for assessing patterns of variation by accounting for all the 10 quantitative and six qualitative variables together. Ordination among accessions showed that the first five principal components had Eigen values greater than one, and cumulatively accounted for 72% of the variation. Characterization based on quantitative and qualitative traits enabled separation of accessions into various groups representing landraces with distinct characters

HETEROSIS STUDIES FOR FIBRE QUALITY TRAITS IN DIALLEL CROSSES OF UPLAND COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)

Diallel analysis was studied by involving nine parents and their seventy two cross combinations in upland cotton to investigate the best heterotic crosses for fibre quality traits. The hybrid Anjali x KC 2 recorded both highest positive significant relative heterosis (17.18%) and heterobeltiosis (11.81%) and hybrid MCU 5 x Surabhi exhibited highest positive significant standard heterosis (16.98%) for bundle strength. 2.5% span length in parents and their hybrids ranged from 24.03 to 33.51 mm and 27.31 to 36.90 mm, respectively. Thirty four hybrids showed significant negative heterotic effects for micronaire value and hybrid MCU 5 x KC 3 (-27.89%) displayed greater negative standard heterosis. Mean performance of elongation per cent in parents and hybrids was 5.11% and 4.87%, respectively. Out of seventy two hybrids, six cross combinations viz., KC 2 x MCU 5, MCU 5 x MCU 7, Anjali x Suraj, Anjali x MCU 5, Surabhi x Anjali and KC 2 x Suraj were appeared to more promising for most of the fibre quality traits and could be exploited. The present study reveals good scope for isolation of pure lines from the progenies of heterotic F1’s as well as commercial exploitation of heterosis in upland cotton

Compact WLAN notched ultra-wideband band pass filter

74-79This paper has investigated WLAN notched Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Band Pass Filter with a wide upper stop band. The proposed design has folded half-wave line that has been incorporated in between slot line resonators. Designed UWB band pass filter has 3-dB cut-off frequencies at 3.2 GHz and 10.1 GHz with a notched band from 5.1 GHz to 5.4 GHz. Return loss and insertion loss in the first pass band have been greater than 12 dB and less than 1.5 dB. These have been greater than 25 dB and lesser than 1.8 dB in the second pass band. In the upper transition edge, an introduced filter has accomplished pointed roll-off with attenuation of 62 dB, wide stop band with the rejection of 20 dB till 12 GHz, and greater than 17 dB from 12 GHz to 18 GHz. Higher-order harmonics have been suppressed through quarter wavelength open stubs. The overall size of the filter is 27 x 9 x 0.8 mm3