Chemical composition of the small mammal reproductive system as an indicator of enterprise technogenic impact on the environment

In this paper we consider the indicative role of chemical composition of the small mammal (specifically, the bank vole, or Myodes glareolus) reproductive system with the purpose of studying the impact of a large-scale nonferrous metal-processing enterprise on living organisms through the expample of Middle Ural copper-smelting plant OJSC. We have analysed the chemical composition of the placenta-embryo system in the areas which are 2 km and 30 km away from the plant

Mutations designed to modify the NS gene mRNA secondary structure affect influenza A pathogenicity in vivo

The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segments of negative-sense RNA that encode up to 18 proteins. During the process of viral replication, positive-sense (+)RNA (cRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized. Today, there is only a partial understanding of the function of several secondary structures within vRNA and cRNA promoters, and splice sites in the M and NS genes. The most precise secondary structure of (+)RNA has been determined for the NS segment of influenza A virus.  The influenza A virus NS gene features two regions with a conserved mRNA secondary structure located near splice sites. Here, we compared 4 variants of the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 strain featuring different combinations of secondary structures at the NS segment (+)RNA regions 82-148 and 497-564. We found that RNA structures did not affect viral replication in cell culture. However, one of the viruses demonstrated lower NS1 and NEP expression levels during early stage cell infection as well as reduced pathogenicity in mice compared to other variants. In particular, this virus is characterized by an RNA hairpin in the 82-148 region and a stable hairpin in the 497-564 region.The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segments of negative-sense RNA that encode up to 18 proteins. During the process of viral replication, positive-sense (+)RNA (cRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized. Today, there is only a partial understanding of the function of several secondary structures within vRNA and cRNA promoters, and splice sites in the M and NS genes. The most precise secondary structure of (+)RNA has been determined for the NS segment of influenza A virus.  The influenza A virus NS gene features two regions with a conserved mRNA secondary structure located near splice sites. Here, we compared 4 variants of the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 strain featuring different combinations of secondary structures at the NS segment (+)RNA regions 82-148 and 497-564. We found that RNA structures did not affect viral replication in cell culture. However, one of the viruses demonstrated lower NS1 and NEP expression levels during early stage cell infection as well as reduced pathogenicity in mice compared to other variants. In particular, this virus is characterized by an RNA hairpin in the 82-148 region and a stable hairpin in the 497-564 region

Statistical parameters in assessing ecological and geochemical state of the Kolpashevo-Turukhan mineragenic zone eastern part

The relevance. The required statistical identification of natural and anthropogenic biogeochemical anomalies when conducting ecological and geochemical studies on the territories of buried exogenous ores with a weak anthropogenic pressure. The difficulty of their identification according to their sources is related to a similar litho-siderophilic geochemical specialization of sedimentary rocks of iron ore, titanium-zirconium formations and modern soils of taiga zone landscapes. Moreover, the research implemented a method for biomaterial sample preparation. This method is aimed at obtaining the possibility of using a biomaterial sample as a natural indicator to reveal the aeolian and dust aerosol substance intake. As a result, there is an urgent need to involve steps in biogeochemical data statistical processing that allows one qualitatively differentiate the effects of chemical elements concentration via root nutrition and dust accumulation on the leaves. The aim. Statistical assessment of content variability and relationships of chemical elements in aspen leaves in the zone of anthropogenic influence of transport roads crossing the localization areas of buried iron ore deposits of the Bakcharsko-Kolpashevo ore district, Kolpashevo-Turukhan mineragenic zone. Qualitative biogeochemical identification of biomaterial enrichment through root and dust in areas of anomalous concentration of chemical elements using data on accumulation of rare earth elements. Objects. Soil, leaves of common aspen (Populus tremula L., 1753). Methods. Regional biogeochemical and lithochemical sampling was carried out in three profiles along local roads with asphalt and unpaved surfaces at the entrances to settlements. The sampling points common for the methods were shifted off the roads at a distance of at least 20 m to undisturbed landscapes. After sample preparation, the concentration of 28 chemical elements in the samples was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The interpretation of geochemical data was based on the results of multicomponent statistical analysis. Results. The studied territories along the lines of regional research are characterized by the background biogeochemical and lithochemical values. The revealed biogeochemical anomaly is caused by a dust halo that accompanies the unpaved road. The rare earth elements levels show the influence of fine dust-aerosol and aeolian material intake

Прогностические аспекты моделирования динамики параметров гемограммы при коррекции железодефицитного эритропоэза

Application of mathematical modelling in practical hematology allows to receive new data on process of treatment under the analysis of changes of variable and mathematical parameters. By means of S-functions dynamics of the some erythrocytic and reticulocytic parameters gemogram at 5 patients on a background of treatment iron-deficiency anemias has been investigated Expression of functional dependences in the form of approximated curves has allowed to execute processes interpolation and extrapolation, that is important for the decision of the questions connected with forecasting of change of parameters gemogram and results of treatment.Применение математического моделирования в практической гематологии позволяет с помощью анализа изменений переменных и математических параметров получать новые сведения о процессе лечения. С помощью S-функции была исследована динамика некоторых эритроцитарных и ретикулоцитарных параметров гемограммы у 5 пациентов на фоне лечения железодефицитной анемии. Выражение функциональных зависимостей в виде аппроксимационных кривых позволило выполнить процессы интерполирования и экстраполирования, что важно для решения вопросов, связанных с прогнозированием изменения параметров гемограммы и результатов лечения

Active membranes:3D printing of elastic fibre patterns on pre-stretched textiles

There has been a steady growth, over several decades, in the deployment of fabrics in architectural applications; both in terms of quantity and variety of application. More recently 3D printing and additive manufacturing have added to the palette of technologies that designers in architecture and related disciplines can call upon. Here we report on research that brings those two technologies together - the development of active membrane elements and structures. We show how these active membranes have been achieved by laminating 3D printed elasto-plastic fibres onto pre-stretched textile membranes. We report on a set of experiments involving one-, two- and multi-directional geometric arrangements that take TPU 95 and Polypropylene filaments and apply them to lycra textile sheets, to form active composite panels. The process involves a parametrised design, actualized through a particular fabrication process. Our findings document the investigation into mapping between the initial two-dimensional geometries and their resulting three-dimensional doubly-curved forms, as well as accomplishments and products of the resulting, partly serendipitous, design process

Lutetium oxide analysis by direct arc atomic emission spectrometry

Ортосиликат лютеция является перспективным сцинтилляционным материалом, оптические свойства которого напрямую зависят от его примесного состава. Требования к исходным оксидам, используемым для выращивания кристаллов состава Lu2SiO5:Ce достаточно жесткие: содержание основного вещества Lu2O3 – 99.999 % мас. Критическими являются красящие примеси: Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, V и Mn, содержание каждого из которых должно быть не более 0.0005 – 0.0010 % мас., Pr, Nd, Sm, Er, Tb, Yb – не более 0.0005 % мас. каждого. Также необходимо контролировать содержние Al, As, Bi, Cd, Ce, Dy Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Mg, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sc, Si, Sn, Tm. Ti, Zn, Y. Для определения примесного состава оксида лютеция одним из перспективных методов анализа является дуговая атомно-эмиссионная спектрометрия. Преимуществами данного метода являются анализ химического состава без перевода пробы в раствор и широкий диапазон определяемых концентраций (10-6 – 10-1 % мас.). Для реализации потенциальных аналитических возможностей метода исследованы следующие условия эксперимента: межэлектродное расстояние, форма и размер графитовых электродов, соотношение оксида лютеция и спектрального буфера (графитовый порошок), тип носителей (соединений, влияющих на испарение аналитов), режимы работы генератора. Для большинства элементов нижняя граница диапазона определяемых концентраций находится в интервале n∙10-6 – n∙10-4 % мас., что значительно ниже, чем в действующих методиках прямого дугового атомно-эмиссионного анализа. Контроль правильности результатов, которые были получены по разработанной методике, осуществлен с использованием метода масс-спектрального анализа с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Благодаря результатам, полученным с помощью современного спектрального оборудования и программных средств, разработана методика анализа оксида лютеция без предварительного растворения пробы, с улучшенными метрологическими показателями и расширенным кругом определяемых примесей по сравнению со стандартизованной методикой.The requirements for the composition of initial oxides for the lutetium orthosilicate crystals are quite stringent: the content of the basic substance Lu2O3 is 99.999 wt%. Critical are coloring impurities: Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, V, Mn, the content of each should be no more than 0.0005 - 0.0010 wt%, Pr, Nd, Sm, Er, Tb, Yb no more than 0.0005 wt% for each one. It is also necessary to control the content of Al, As, Bi, Cd, Mg, Mo, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Ti, Zn, Y, La, Ce, Sc, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Tm. To determine the impurity composition of lutetium oxide, one of the promising methods of analysis is direct arc atomic emission spectroscopy (DC Arc). The advantages of this method are the determination of the chemical composition without sample dissolution, a wide range of concentrations (10-6 - 10-1% wt%), a large number of determined elements. To realize the potential analytical capabilities of the method, the experimental conditions were studied: the interelectrode distance, the shape and size of graphite electrodes, the ratio of Lu2O3 to the spectral buffer, the type of carriers and operating modes of the generator. For most elements, the limits of determination are n ∙ 10-6 - n ∙ 10-4 wt%, that is significantly lower than in the current methods of DC Arc. The trueness of results is controlled by ICP-MS. The complex application of new approaches and modern capabilities of spectral equipment made it possible to develop a method with improved metrological characteristics.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 20-13-00180). Исследования проводились с использованием оборудования ЦКП ФМИ ИОНХ РАН.The study was supported by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-13-00180). This research was performed using the equipment of the JRC PMR IGIC RAS

Toward personalization of asthma treatment according to trigger factors

Asthma is a severe and chronic disabling disease affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Although in the past few drugs for the treatment of asthma were available, new treatment options are currently emerging, which appear to be highly effective in certain subgroups of patients. Accordingly, there is a need for biomarkers that allow selection of patients for refined and personalized treatment strategies. Recently, serological chip tests based on microarrayed allergen molecules and peptides derived from the most common rhinovirus strains have been developed, which may discriminate 2 of the most common forms of asthma, that is, allergen- and virus-triggered asthma. In this perspective, we argue that classification of patients with asthma according to these common trigger factors may open new possibilities for personalized management of asthma.Fil: Niespodziana, Katarzyna. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Borochova, Kristina. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Pazderova, Petra. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Schlederer, Thomas. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Astafyeva, Natalia. Saratov State Medical University; RusiaFil: Baranovskaya, Tatiana. Belarusian Medical Academy of Post Diploma Studies; BielorrusiaFil: Barbouche, Mohamed Ridha. Institut Pasteur de Tunis; TúnezFil: Beltyukov, Evgeny. Ural State Medical University; RusiaFil: Berger, Angelika. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Borzova, Elena. Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; RusiaFil: Bousquet, Jean. MACVIA; Francia. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Bumbacea, Roxana S.. University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila"; RumaniaFil: Bychkovskaya, Snezhana. Krasnoyarsk Medical University; RusiaFil: Caraballo, Luis. Universidad de Cartagena; ColombiaFil: Chung, Kian Fan. Imperial College London; Reino Unido. MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; Reino UnidoFil: Custovic, Adnan. Imperial College London; Reino Unido. MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; Reino UnidoFil: Docena, Guillermo H.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos; ArgentinaFil: Eiwegger, Thomas. University Of Toronto. Hospital For Sick Children; CanadáFil: Evsegneeva, Irina. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; RusiaFil: Emelyanov, Alexander. North-Western Medical University; RusiaFil: Errhalt, Peter. University Hospital Krems and Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences; AustriaFil: Fassakhov, Rustem. Kazan Federal University; RusiaFil: Fayzullina, Rezeda. Bashkir State Medical University; RusiaFil: Fedenko, Elena. NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia; RusiaFil: Fomina, Daria. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; RusiaFil: Gao, Zhongshan. Zhejiang University; ChinaFil: Giavina Bianchi, Pedro. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Gotua, Maia. David Tvildiani Medical University; GeorgiaFil: Greber Platzer, Susanne. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Hedlin, Gunilla. Karolinska Huddinge Hospital. Karolinska Institutet; Sueci