Cleaved Caspase-3 Sebagai Uji Apoptosis Pada Kanker Serviks IIB Tipe Sel Skuamosa Yang Mendapat Kemoterapi Neoadjuvan Cisplatin

Tujuan: mencari peningkatan ekspresi cleaved caspase-3 pada pasien kanker serviks IIB tipe sel skuamosa sesudah pemberian kemoterapi neoadjuvan cisplatin dan mencari kapan waktu yang tepat untuk mendeteksi apoptosis menggunakan cleaved caspase-3. Bahan dan Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik observasional berpasangan. Dilakukan pada penderita kanker serviks IIB tipe sel skuamosa berdasarkan kriteria FIGO yang berobat di POSA RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Mei 2014. Sebelum dilakukan terapi semua penderita diambil biopsi serviks. Kemudian penderita diberikan cisplatin 50mg/m2/minggu Diambil biopsi serviks setelah diberikan kemoterapi ke 1 dan ke 4 (maksimal 8 jam setelah kemoterapi, sampel kedua). Sampel diperiksakan imunohistokimia cleaved caspase 3. Dilakukan penghitungan ekspresi cleaved caspase 3 di bawah mikroskop dengan perbesaran 400x pada 10 lapang pandang. Pengujian statistik dilakukan dengan nilai kemaknaan p<0,05.Hasil: Rata-rata ekspresi cleaved caspase 3 sebelum kemoterapi adalah 1,46± 1,854. Setelah kemoterapi ke 1 didapatkan rata- rata 10,77± 3,655.Setelah kemoterapi ke 4 didapatkan rata- rata 12,77± 5,703. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan ekspresi cleaved caspase 3 setelah pemberian kemoterapi lebih meningkat dibandingkan sebelum pemberian kemoterapi (p<0,01), sedangkan ekspresi cleaved caspase 3 setelah kemoterapi ke 1 dan ke 4 tidak didapat-kan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,882).Simpulan: Pemberian kemoterapi terbukti memberikan efek peningkatan ekspresi cleaved caspase-3. Sehingga cleaved caaspase-3 dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu uji apoptosis pada efek kemoterapi terhadap sel kanker

Implicit theories of emotion shape regulation of negative affect

Mental contrasting of a desired future with the present reality strengthens the link between expectations and goal pursuit: The higher expectations of success, the more people engage in goal pursuit; the lower expectations of success, the more people let go or disengage from goal pursuit. In three studies, we tested if mental contrasting increases the link between expectations and goal pursuit by affecting the strength of mental associations between future and reality. We used lexical decision tasks to measure the strength of associations between future and reality for different domains of goal pursuit (i.e., interpersonal relations, achievement), and compared results in the mental contrasting condition to relevant control conditions (i.e., reverse contrasting and content control). In the mental contrasting condition but not in the control conditions emerged a strong link between expectations of success and the strength of associations between future and reality (Study 1, 2). The strength of associations between future and reality in turn mediated the link between expectations and self-reported as well as other-rated goal pursuit in the mental contrasting condition (Study 1, 2). Finally, the link between expectations and the strength of associations between future and reality in the mental contrasting condition vanished when the goal was attained (Study 3). Taken together, these results suggest that strength of future–reality associations are a mechanism specific to mental contrasting effects on goal pursuit

Deconvolution of complex G protein-coupled receptor signaling in live cells using dynamic mass redistribution measurements

Label-free biosensor technology based on dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) of cellular constituents promises to translate GPCR signaling into complex optical 'fingerprints' in real time in living cells. Here we present a strategy to map cellular mechanisms that define label-free responses, and we compare DMR technology with traditional second-messenger assays that are currently the state of the art in GPCR drug discovery. The holistic nature of DMR measurements enabled us to (i) probe GPCR functionality along all four G-protein signaling pathways, something presently beyond reach of most other assay platforms; (ii) dissect complex GPCR signaling patterns even in primary human cells with unprecedented accuracy; (iii) define heterotrimeric G proteins as triggers for the complex optical fingerprints; and (iv) disclose previously undetected features of GPCR behavior. Our results suggest that DMR technology will have a substantial impact on systems biology and systems pharmacology as well as for the discovery of drugs with novel mechanisms

Thermal properties of electrodeposited bismuth telluride nanowires embedded in amorphous alumina

3 pages, 3 figures.Bismuth telluride nanowires are of interest for thermoelectric applications because of the predicted enhancement in the thermoelectric figure-of-merit in nanowire structures. In this letter, we carried out temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity characterization of a 40 nm diameter Bi2Te3 nanowires/alumina nanocomposite. Measured thermal diffusivity of the composite decreases from 9.2×10–7 m2 s–1 at 150 K to 6.9×10–7 m2 s–1 at 300 K and is lower than thermal diffusivity of unfilled alumina templates. Effective medium calculations indicate that the thermal conductivity along nanowires axis is at least an order of magnitude lower than thermal conductivity of the bulk bismuth telluride.G.C. would like to acknowledge financial support from JPL and DOE. M.S.M.G. acknowledges a fellowship awarded by the MCYT (Spain) in the Ramon y Cajal Program.Peer reviewe

ISO 9001 European Scoreboard: an instrument to measure macroquality

Purpose: ISO 9001 certification is nowadays considered to be one of the most effective tools that can be adopted for guiding the management of Quality Systems. The stunning growth observed by these standards all over the world confirms a strong polarisation of enterprises’ interest in this practice. Owing to the wide incidence of this phenomenon, a deep investigation of ISO 9001 diffusion over time is mandatory and of importance. In line with our previous publications, this paper derives from a research project that we are conducting in Portugal in order to develop the ‘ISO 9001 European Scoreboard’, aimed at studying and ranking European Union (EU) countries based on the diffusion of quality management systems. Methodology/approach: In order to achieve such a goal, the authors have performed a set of statistical analyses over public data sets. Findings: Based on the model developed and the analyses performed, we were able to identify clusters of countries with different ISO 9001 evolution stages, derived from the ISO 9001 per 1000 inhabitants’ scores and countries’ growth indexes. Originality: With this scoreboard, we are able to categorise and rank countries based on the quality management systems evolution (growth rates) over the past few years. Ultimately, such an ‘ISO 9001 European Scoreboard’ will be an instrument to provide a comparative assessment of quality management practices over the EU states, leading to the dynamic evaluation of their ‘macroquality’ levels achieved, according to such a standard. We believe that such results provide an additional important contribution to the study of management systems diffusion/evolution, aimed at providing more fact-based insights and understandings

Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens and indicator bacteria in pigs in different European countries from year 2002 – 2004 : the ARBAO-II study

Background: The project "Antibiotic resistance in bacteria of animal origin – II" (ARBAO-II) was funded by the European Union (FAIR5-QLK2-2002-01146) for the period 2003–05. The aim of this project was to establish a program for the continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic and indicator bacteria from food animals using validated and harmonised methodologies. In this report the first data on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria causing infections in pigs are reported. Methods: Susceptibility data from 17,642 isolates of pathogens and indicator bacteria including Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis and Escherichia coli isolated from pigs were collected from fifteen European countries in 2002–2004.Results: Data for A. pleuropneumoniae from infected pigs were submitted from five countries. Most of the isolates from Denmark were susceptible to all drugs tested with the exceptions of a low frequency of resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprim – sulphonamide. Data for S. suis were obtained from six countries. In general, a high level of resistance to tetracycline (48.0 – 92.0%) and erythromycin (29.1 – 75.0%) was observed in all countries whereas the level of resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin differed between the reporting countries. Isolates from England (and Wales), France and The Netherlands were all susceptible to penicillin. In contrast the proportion of strains resistant to ciprofloxacin ranged from 12.6 to 79.0% (2004) and to penicillin from 8.1 – 13.0% (2004) in Poland and Portugal. Data for E. coli from infected and healthy pigs were obtained from eleven countries. The data reveal a high level of resistance to tetracyclines, streptomycin and ampicillin among infected pigs whereas in healthy pigs the frequency of resistance was lower. Conclusion: Bacterial resistance to some antimicrobials was frequent with different levels of resistance being observed to several antimicrobial agents in different countries. The occurrence of resistance varied distinctly between isolates from healthy and diseased pigs, with the isolates from healthy pigs generally showing a lower level of resistance than those from diseased pigs. The study suggests that the choice of antimicrobials used for the treatment of diseased animals should preferably be based on knowledge of the local pattern of resistance

First evidence of diffuse ultra-steep-spectrum radio emission surrounding the cool core of a cluster

Diffuse synchrotron radio emission from cosmic-ray electrons is observed at the center of a number of galaxy clusters. These sources can be classified either as giant radio halos, which occur in merging clusters, or as mini halos, which are found only in cool-core clusters. In this paper, we present the first discovery of a cool-core cluster with an associated mini halo that also shows ultra-steep-spectrum emission extending well beyond the core that resembles radio halo emission. The large-scale component is discovered thanks to LOFAR observations at 144 MHz. We also analyse GMRT observations at 610 MHz to characterise the spectrum of the radio emission. An X-ray analysis reveals that the cluster is slightly disturbed, and we suggest that the steep-spectrum radio emission outside the core could be produced by a minor merger that powers electron re-acceleration without disrupting the cool core. This discovery suggests that, under particular circumstances, both a mini and giant halo could co-exist in a single cluster, opening new perspectives for particle acceleration mechanisms in galaxy clusters