Knowledge Sharing and the Psychological Contract: Managing Knowledge Workers across Different Stages of Employment

Purpose – An employee’s willingness to share knowledge may be contingent on whether the organization equitably fulfills its reward obligations. This paper seeks to examine how managers and organizations can be vehicles for managing psychological contract perceptions favoring knowledge sharing among current employees, newcomers, and applicants. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose an integrative model to discuss psychological contract issues within each stage of employment and HRM initiatives that can encourage knowledge-sharing behaviors. Findings – The implicit psychological contracts that often influence knowledge worker attitudes for sharing knowledge are easy to overlook and challenging to manage. Managers must properly assess the nature of psychological contracts maintained by such workers so that knowledge-sharing messages address employees’ key motivators. Different psychological contracts exist at various stages of employment. Several prescriptions for effectively managing each type of psychological contract and reducing perceptions of PC breach were offered. Research limitations/implications – Empirical studies should seek to investigate whether different psychological contracts actually exist within a field setting. In addition, how workers move between transitional, transactional, balanced and relational psychological contracts should be empirically examined. Originality/value – The authors sought to better understand the different psychological contract perceptions of knowledge workers at various stages of employment, which has not been done to date. Such workers are keenly aware of the impact of their knowledge and effective management for sharing rather than hoarding becomes a critical success factor for knowledge-intensive organizations

Neutron and X-ray diffraction studies on complex liquids

The above examples illustrate the extent to which present day neutron and X-ray diffraction methods are being used to determine interatomic structure in a wide range of liquid and amorphous systems. The determination of pair radial distribution functions not only offers a means to characterise different structures in liquids, but also provides theorists with information to construct realistic model potentials that can be used to calculate macroscopic behaviour and structural properties in regimes not currently accessible to experiment.\ud The well-established NDIS difference methods remain superior to all other methods for the determination of interatomic pairwise structure. The relatively new AXD (or DAS) difference methods have the potential to answer long-standing questions about the structure around species with mass number greater than about 30. However, the relatively low X-ray scattering power from light elements such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen etc. means that it will never be possible to resolve completely structures of biologically important liquids by X-ray methods alone. EXAFS spectroscopy has the distinct advantage over both diffraction techniques as it can be used to study local structure around particular species at high dilution. Therefore studies which combine reference data from AXD or NDIS, with extensive EXAFS data, are likely to be useful in studies of structure in regimes which prove difficult for AXD and NDIS. \ud It is clear that no one method will be sufficient to resolve structure at the required level of detail around all species in a complex liquid. Instead one must rely on a full complement of diffraction and other techniques including computer simulation to determine the complete atomic structure of a complex liquid or amorphous system.\ud On the technical front, the construction and commissioning of new neutron diffractometers with higher count rates, such as D20 and D4C at ILL, and GEM at ISIS with an optimised sample environment for work at non-ambient conditions, will enable new and more extensive research to be undertaken. Additionally, the new custom-built X-ray diffractometer for liquids proposed for the DIAMOND synchrotron being established at RAL will provide a much-needed boost for wide-ranging AXD and EXAFS investigations of complex liquids. \ud Besides the many studies of immediate interest suggested at the end of some sections, there are several investigations that will become feasible in the longer term as the technology develops. These include 1. the use of isotopes such as 12C and 13C and 33S and 32S which will enable detailed and extensive structural studies to be carried out on a wide range of biologically significant materials, and 2. the exploitation of higher neutron and X-ray count rates to facilitate real time experiments to investigate changes of structure as a chemical or biochemical reaction occurs. \ud The one strong theme which emerges from all the work described in this paper is that diffraction, especially that based on difference techniques, remains the best means to determine structure at atomic resolution in complex liquids

Identification of chemerin receptor (ChemR23) in human endothelial cells: chemerin-induced endothelial angiogenesis

Chemerin acting via its distinct G protein-coupled receptor CMKLR1 (ChemR23), is a novel adipokine, circulating levels of which are raised in inflammatory states. Chemerin shows strong correlation with various facets of the metabolic syndrome; these states are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dysregulated angiogenesis. We therefore, investigated the regulation of ChemR23 by pro-inflammatory cytokines and assessed the angiogenic potential of chemerin in human endothelial cells (EC). We have demonstrated the novel presence of ChemR23 in human ECs and its significant up-regulation (P < 0.001) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. More importantly, chemerin was potently angiogenic, as assessed by conducting functional in-vitro angiogenic assays; chemerin also dose-dependently induced gelatinolytic (MMP-2 & MMP-9) activity of ECs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, chemerin dose-dependently activated PI3K/Akt and MAPKs pathways (P < 0.01), key angiogenic and cell survival cascades. Our data provide the first evidence of chemerin-induced endothelial angiogenesis and MMP production and activity

Upaya Peningkatan Kompetensi dan Kualitas Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Alat Peraga Edukatif Motorik di Pos Paud Kelurahan Merjosari Kota Malang

Peran Pos PAUD bagi masyarakat sangat signifikan karena dikelola dengan prinsip“dari, oleh dan untuk masyarakat”, yang dibentuk dan dikelola dengan azaz gotongroyong, kerelaan, dan kebersamaan sehingga berpotensi untuk berkembang menjadiPAUD. Akan tetapi Pos Paud yang ada di RW wilayah Kelurahan Merjosari Malangluput dari perhatian stakeholder yang terkait karena prakteknya masih menemuibanyak kendala. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana.Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya kerjasama antar pihak, agar Pos PAUD tersebutbisa kualitas dan dapat bersaing dengan Pos PAUD lainnya, meskipun sebagaiorganisasi atau lembaga pendidikan yang non formal. Kegiatan IbM ini dilakukan olehTim Pengabdi dengan tujuan untuk memberikan solusi alternatif terhadap beberapapermasalahan yang dihadapi oleh dua Pos PAUD di wilayah Kelurahan MerjosariMalang. Hasil yang dicapai dalam pelaksanaan Iptek Bagi Masyarakat (IbM) adalahberupa alat peraga edukatif/APE motorik kasar (outdoor), pagar besi, meja dan kursiwarna warni standard untuk siswa usia dini kususnya Pos Paud, loker warna warni,lemari arsip untuk menyimpan dan mengamankan dokumen dokumen, kursi guru, mejapentas kreasi siswa, pelatihan manajemen pengelolaan dan pengembangan organisasidengan konsep POAC. Adapun kegiatan ini berkelanjutan pada capaian alat peragaedukatif/APE motorik halus ( indoor), pelatihan dan pendampingan tatakelolaadministrasi keuangan oraganisasi , serta pembuatan buku panduan ISBN tentangManajemen Pengelolaan dan pengembangan Organisasi berbasis Planning,Organizing, Actuating and Controlling (POAC)

MACS: Multi-agent COTR system for Defense Contracting

The field of intelligent multi-agent systems has expanded rapidly in the recent past. Multi-agent architectures and systems are being investigated and continue to develop. To date, little has been accomplished in applying multi-agent systems to the defense acquisition domain. This paper describes the design, development, and related considerations of a multi-agent system in the area of procurement and contracting for the defense acquisition community

Investigations on RF Behavior of a V-Band Second Harmonic Gyrotron for 100/200 kW Operation

This article presents the investigations on RF-behavioral aspects for the possible operation of a V -band, continuous wave (CW) second harmonic gyrotron for plasma diagnostic application. Keeping in view the design goals and constraints, initial design studies for the mode selection and the computation of starting currents are carried out. From these studies, two possible modes, namely, TE 7,3 and TE 8,3 are considered for the second harmonic operation. Later, the cold cavity design and self-consistent calculations are carried out for the selected operating modes. All the computations are performed using the latest version of our in-house code Gyrotron Design Studio Second Harmonic Version 2020 (GDS2H-2020) with Glidcop as the cavity material. The RF behavior studies confirm the feasible operation of such a second harmonic gyrotron with power levels in excess of 115.52/217.64 kW with the chosen modes of operation

Huddle test measurement of a near Johnson noise limited geophone

In this paper, the sensor noise of two geophone configurations (L-22D and L-4C geophones from Sercel with custom built amplifiers) was measured by performing two huddle tests. It is shown that the accuracy of the results can be significantly improved by performing the huddle test in a seismically quiet environment and by using a large number of reference sensors to remove the seismic foreground signal from the data. Using these two techniques, the measured sensor noise of the two geophone configurations matched the calculated predictions remarkably well in the bandwidth of interest (0.01 Hz–100 Hz). Low noise operational amplifiers OPA188 were utilized to amplify the L-4C geophone to give a sensor that was characterized to be near Johnson noise limited in the bandwidth of interest with a noise value of 10−11 m/Hz⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯√10−11 m/Hz at 1 Hz

Passive-performance, analysis, and upgrades of a 1-ton seismic attenuation system

The 10m Prototype facility at the Albert-Einstein-Institute (AEI) in Hanover, Germany, employs three large seismic attenuation systems to reduce mechanical motion. The AEI Seismic-Attenuation-System (AEI-SAS) uses mechanical anti-springs in order to achieve resonance frequencies below 0.5Hz. This system provides passive isolation from ground motion by a factor of about 400 in the horizontal direction at 4Hz and in the vertical direction at 9Hz. The presented isolation performance is measured under vacuum conditions using a combination of commercial and custom-made inertial sensors. Detailed analysis of this performance led to the design and implementation of tuned dampers to mitigate the effect of the unavoidable higher order modes of the system. These dampers reduce RMS motion substantially in the frequency range between 10 and 100Hz in 6 degrees of freedom. The results presented here demonstrate that the AEI-SAS provides substantial passive isolation at all the fundamental mirror-suspension resonances

Ab initio molecular dynamics study of liquid methanol

We present a density-functional theory based molecular-dynamics study of the structural, dynamical, and electronic properties of liquid methanol under ambient conditions. The calculated radial distribution functions involving the oxygen and hydroxyl hydrogen show a pronounced hydrogen bonding and compare well with recent neutron diffraction data, except for an underestimate of the oxygen-oxygen correlation. We observe that, in line with infrared spectroscopic data, the hydroxyl stretching mode is significantly red-shifted in the liquid. A substantial enhancement of the dipole moment is accompanied by significant fluctuations due to thermal motion. Our results provide valuable data for improvement of empirical potentials.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Chemical Physics Letter