Electroweak phase transition in the presence of hypermagnetic field and the generation of gravitational waves

We investigate the effects of a large-scale background hypermagnetic field on the electroweak phase transition. We propose an effective weak angle which varies during the electroweak phase transition and upon its use, show that for a strong enough hypermagnetic field the phase transition occurs in two steps and becomes first-order. We obtain all of the important quantities characterizing the details of the phase transition, including the latent heat, transition temperature and duration. We then explore one of the consequences of this model which is the generation of gravitational waves. We calculate the gravitational wave energy spectrum generated during the first-order electroweak phase transition and find that, for strong enough background hypermagnetic fields, these signals can be detected by the Ultimate-DECIGO interferometer.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures; v3: more discussions adde

Effects of construction delays on construction project objectives

Delays can be defined as the late completion of works as compared to the planned schedule on the contract. Delays can be avoided or minimized only when their causes are identified. When delay occurred in to our project, it will have adverse consequences on project objectives in terms of time, cost and quality. The aim of the study reported in this paper was to identify the effects of delays that could threat project objectives in construction projects. A comprehensive literature review from various sources through books, conference proceedings, the internet, and civil engineering journals was made to carry out the study. According to delay categories that were contractor related, client related, consultant related, labor related and external related, the results of this study identified the six major effects of delay that were time overrun, cost overrun, dispute, arbitration, total abandonment, and litigation. The study also revealed that time and cost overruns were the frequent effects of delay. It is hoped that this study will become the foundation of further research in the area of project delays and mitigation measures

Scintigraphy with 99mTc(V)-DMSA in monitoring patients with inflammatory bowel disease

The clinical significance of pentavalent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc(V)-DMSA) scintigraphy in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this prospective paper was to study the above. This study included 54 patients, 22 females and 32 males (mean age: 36.68±11.49; range: 18-63 years) with IBD who came to our clinics for follow-up and were examined clinically by colonoscopy and 99mTc(V)-DMSA scintigraphy. On the follow-up studies, five patients (9.25%) relapsed, and 49 (90.74%) remained at a steady condition. There was a good correlation between the scintigraphic results and the clinical and colonoscopy data of the patients (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results indicated that 99mTc(V)DMSA scintigraphy can be complementary to colonoscopy for the diagnostic evaluation of IBD

FedSL: Federated Split Learning on Distributed Sequential Data in Recurrent Neural Networks

Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are privacy-preserving Machine-Learning (ML) techniques that enable training ML models over data distributed among clients without requiring direct access to their raw data. Existing FL and SL approaches work on horizontally or vertically partitioned data and cannot handle sequentially partitioned data where segments of multiple-segment sequential data are distributed across clients. In this paper, we propose a novel federated split learning framework, FedSL, to train models on distributed sequential data. The most common ML models to train on sequential data are Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Since the proposed framework is privacy preserving, segments of multiple-segment sequential data cannot be shared between clients or between clients and server. To circumvent this limitation, we propose a novel SL approach tailored for RNNs. A RNN is split into sub-networks, and each sub-network is trained on one client containing single segments of multiple-segment training sequences. During local training, the sub-networks on different clients communicate with each other to capture latent dependencies between consecutive segments of multiple-segment sequential data on different clients, but without sharing raw data or complete model parameters. After training local sub-networks with local sequential data segments, all clients send their sub-networks to a federated server where sub-networks are aggregated to generate a global model. The experimental results on simulated and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed method successfully train models on distributed sequential data, while preserving privacy, and outperforms previous FL and centralized learning approaches in terms of achieving higher accuracy in fewer communication rounds

Evaluation of the chlorpromazine effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in male rats

زمینه و هدف: در تحقیقات اخیر به افزایش سطح دوپامین در مغز موش های مبتلا به آنسفالومیلیت خود ایمن تجربی (EAE) اشاره شده است. همچنین مشخص شده است که دوپامین می تواند عملکرد سلول های ایمنی را تنظیم کند. در این مطالعه اثرات درمانی کلرپرومازین به عنوان یک آنتاگونیست دوپامین بر روند EAE (مدل حیوانی بیماری ام اس) بررسی شد، همچنین پاسخ های لنفوسیت های T کمکی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، آنسفالومیلیت خود ایمن تجربی توسط نخاع هموژنیزه شده خوکچه هندی و ادجوانت کامل فروند در موش های صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار القاء شد. حیوانات در دو گروه 7 سری قرار گرفتند. درمان با کلرپرومازین (10 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم- روزانه و به صورت داخل صفاقی) از زمان بروز علائم ناتوانی در گروه درمانی (روز 12) آغاز گشت. گروه کنترل تنها حلال دارو (آب مقطر) را با همان برنامه دریافت نمودند. علائم بالینی تا زمان کشتار موش ها یعنی روز 36 روزانه ثبت گردید. میزان تکثیر به وسیله آزمون MTT و میزان تولید سیتوکین ‌ها به وسیله ELISA در سلول ‌های طحالی سنجیده شد. یافته ها: تجویز کلرپرومازین پس از بروز علائم به طور معنی داری موجب تخفیف شدت علائم بالینی گشت. همچنین کلرپرومازین موجب کاهش معنی دار (01/0P<) تولید سیتوکین پیش التهابی 17-IL همزمان با افزایش سطح سیتوکین ضد التهابی IL-10 (05/0P<) در موش های صحرایی گروه درمان نسبت به گروه شاهد شد. از سوی دیگر، شدت تکثیر لنفوسیتی نیز در موش های صحرایی گروه تیمار نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش معنی داری (05/0>P) یافت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد کلرپرومازین می تواند سیتوکین های التهابی را کاهش داده و بیماری ام اس را کنترل کند

Electroweak baryogenesis via chiral gravitational waves

We propose a new mechanism for electroweak baryogenesis based on gravitational waves generated by helical magnetic fields that are present during a first order electroweak phase transition. We generate a net lepton number through the gravitational chiral anomaly which appears due to the chiral gravitational waves produced by these magnetic fields. The observed value of baryon asymmetry can be obtained in our mechanism within parameter space of scenarios with an inverse cascade evolution for magnetic fields which can also be candidates for large-scale magnetic fields.Comment: 10 pages, Published versio

Hubble inflation in Randall-Sundrum type II model

We study a braneworld Randall–Sundrum type II (RSII) model using the Hamilton–Jacobi formalism. We extend the standard inflationary parameters and the flow equations for this braneworld scenario. We investigate the conditions that reduce the infinite number of flow equations into a finite number and confirm that by considering one of the inflationary parameters that vanishes, the Hubble expansion rate gets a polynomial form in both General Relativity (GR) and in the high-energy regime of RSII. We also show that if one sets this inflationary parameter to a constant value, the model features a nonpolynomial form of the Hubble expansion rate. The form of the Hubble parameter in this case is different in GR and RSII. Next, we consider a single-scalar field model with a Hubble expansion rate behaving as H∝ϕn and show that compared to GR, the RSII model has a smaller tensor-to-scalar ratio and larger spectral index for n>1. Therefore, RSII model leads to better predictions than GR

Biodiesel Production Potential from Native Tehran Oil Crops Using GIS

One of the main factors in the alternative fuel economy is the primary raw materials. Importing raw materials and preparation conditions for cultivation of non-native species require high expenditure. Therefore, using native species can greatly reduce production costs. Therefore in this paper, this is for the first time a comprehensive study indigenous oil plant of Tehran province and their suitable growth conditions is presented. Then three species non-edible rapeseed, cotton and barley were selected due to their feasibility of producing biodiesel. The purpose of this study is therefore to propel relevant policies in the country towards greater use of domestic raw materials and known potentials. Therefore, the potential for biodiesel production from plant sources, in this region was studied using GIS software. The present paper describes the zoning map and identifies the potential map of producing biodiesel from indigenous plant sources in Tehran province. According to the map, concentration of biodiesel production is in the central and western cities of province. This map shows that 116806.8665 hectare of land with the greatest potential to produce biodiesel. Also the potential of biodiesel production from introduced species, considering the yield per hectare and their oil content, was calculated. The results show that the potential of biodiesel production for the three species of rapeseed, cotton and barley are respectively 98117.77, 58403.43, 83516.91 tons in Tehran province. Non-edible rapeseed with the highest production potential has been introduced as a superior indigenous species for the future investments in biodiesel production in Tehran provinc

Developing Mitigation Measures for Delays in Building Construction Projects: A Case Study in the City of Esfahan

Developing mitigation measures are to avoid or minimize the magnitude of adverse consequences of delay causes that could threat the project objectives in terms of time, cost and quality. It is also vital to be aware of mitigation measures within the construction industry. The aim of the study reported in this paper is to develop mitigation measures for delays in building construction projects in the city of Isfahan, Iran. A questionnaire survey was used to carry out the study which was filled out by professional parties such as clients, contractors, architects, project managers, consultants and developers in the construction industry. Feedbacks from respondents gave variety of measures for each cause of delay to mitigate the adverse and disruptive consequences of delay causes in building construction projects in Isfahan. Time and cost overrun were the common negative effects of delays in building construction projects in Isfahan. The study has found that twenty one significant mitigation measures based on the different points of view from respondents of the questionnaire survey, in order to avoid or minimize the causes of delays in building construction projects in Isfahan, it has been proposed that the top six most effective mitigation measures of avoiding or minimizing these delays were further elaborated. This include: considering the clients views while providing designs, setting the project budget according to proper and accurate estimations, efficient and effective project management among the parties in the project, proper selection of competent and capable contractors appropriate for the project, appropriate delegating of project parties regarding to their specialties and skills and also having sufficient knowledge of project environment and project parties before the project starts. It is hope that this finding will be able to address issues and problems of delays in building construction projects in general in Iran

Possibility of primordial black holes as the source of gravitational wave events in the advanced LIGO detector

The analysis of gravitational Wave (GW) data from advanced LIGO provides the mass of each companion of binary black holes as the source of GWs. The mass of events corresponding to the binary black holes from GW is above $20$ M$_\odot$ which is much larger than the mass of astrophysical black holes detected by x-ray observations. In this work, we examine primordial black holes (PBHs) as the source of LIGO events. Assuming that $100\%$ of the dark matter is made of PBHs, we estimate the rate at which these objects make binaries, merge, and produce GWs as a function of redshift. The gravitational lensing of GWs by PBHs can also enhance the amplitude of the strain. We simulate GWs sourced by binary PBHs, with the detection threshold of $S/N>10$ for both Livingston and Hanford detectors. For the log-normal mass function of PBHs, we generate the expected distribution of events, compare our results with the observed events, and find the best value of the mass function parameters (i.e., $M_c =25 M_\odot$ and $\sigma=0.6$) in the log-normal mass function. Comparing the expected number of events with the number of observed ones rules out the present-Universe binary formation PBH scenario as the candidate for the source of GW events detected by LIGO.Comment: Final published versio