Is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome a risk factor for pulmonary thromboemboli?

YÖK Tez No: 282066Giriş ve Amaç: Yapılan birçok çalışmada Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu'nun (OSAS) kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için bağımsız bir risk faktörü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ancak OSAS ile venöz tromboemboli (VTE) arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyan çalışmalar yetersizdir. Bu çalışmada Pulmoner Emboli (PE) tanısı alan hastalarda OSAS sıklığını polisomnografik olarak ortaya koyup OSAS varlığının pulmoner emboli için bir risk faktörü olabileceğini klinisyenlerin dikkatine sunmak amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Düzce Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göğüs Hastalıkları Servisinde PE tanısı alan ardışık 50 hasta prospektif olarak OSAS sıklığı yönünden değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden klinik durumu uygun gönüllü 30 olguya Polisomnografik inceleme yapıldı. Apne-Hipopne İndeksi 5'in üzerinde olan hastalar OSAS olarak kabul edildi. PE'de OSAS sıklığı tespit edildi ve PTE olguları majör risk faktörü olup olmamasına göre iki gruba ayrılarak karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: 28-85 yaşları arasında (61±15,ortalama±SD), 14 kadın, 16 erkek toplam 30 olgu çalışmaya dahil oldu. Nonmasif PE 24 olgu (%80), submasif PE 3 olgu (%10), kronik pulmoner tromboemboli 2 olgu (%6,7) ve masif pulmoner emboli 1 olgu (%3,3) mevcuttu. Olguların %56,7'sinde (17/30) OSAS tespit edildi. Orta ve ağır OSAS (AHİ > 15) olanların oranı ise %26,7 (8/30) idi. Bilinen majör VTE riski olmayan pulmoner tromboembolisi olan hastalarda (n=20), VTE risk faktörü olan hastalara göre (n=10) anlamlı olarak daha yüksek oranda OSAS tespit edildi (sırasıyla %70; 14/20 ve %30; 3/10, p=0.045). Majör PTE risk faktörü olan grubun yaş ortalaması daha düşük, (66 ve 52, p=0.015) kilosu ise daha yüksek (81 ve 88 p=0.025) bulundu. Majör risk faktörü olmayan grupta BUN düzeyleri anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. PTE majör risk faktörü olan ve olmayan grupta vücut kitle indeksi, hematokrit düzeyi, AHİ ve diğer polisomnografik bulgular yönünden anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Yapılan multivaryant lojistik regresyon analizinde görünür majör risk faktörü olmayan grupta PTE için tek bağımsız risk faktörünün OSAS olduğu tespit edildi (p=0.049).Sonuç: PTE'si olan olgularda OSAS oranları toplumdan çok daha yüksek oranda bulundu. Çalışmanın sonuçları OSAS'nın PTE için bağımsız bir risk faktörü olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu konuda daha kapsamlı çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.Background and Objectives: It is evaluated that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no further study demonstrating the relationship between OSAS and venous thromboemboli (VTE). In this study, the aim is to evaluate OSAS via polysomnography in patients with pulmonary embolism and drawing the attention of clinicians to the presence of OSAS may be a risk factor for pulmonary embolism.Method: In the Department of Chest Diseases of Düzce University School of Medicine, 50 patients with pulmonary embolism were evaluated for the frequency of OSAS, prospectively.Polysomnographic evaluation was performed to clinically stable 30 patients agreed to participate in the study. Patient with apnea-hypopnea index more than 5 was defined as OSAS.The frequency of OSAS in the patients with pulmonary embolism was detected and the properties of those patients compared with other cases.Results: Between the ages of 25-85 (61-15,mean ?SD), 30 patients (14 women,16 men) were included in study.There were 24 patients with non-massive pulmonary embolism (%80), 3 patients with submassive pulmonary embolism(%10 ),2 patients chronic pulmonary embolism (%6,7)and 1 patient with massive pulmonary embolism (%3,3), respectively.%56,7 of the patients (17/30)OSAS were detected. The percent of patients with moderate and severe OSAS (AHI >15) was %26,7 (8/30).The patients with no known major risk factors for pulmonary embolism had significantly high rates OSAS compared to,those with having major risk factors (respectively %70; 14/20, %30 3/10 and ;p: 0,045 )The mean age of the group with major risk factor for VTE was found low.(66-13 and 52 -15, p: 0,015)There was no significantly difference for gender, weight and body mass index between the groups, who have major risk factors for VTE and who have no major risk factor for VTE.Conclusions: The rate of OSAS in patients with PE was much higher than that of community. Moreover, the clinical significance of moderate and severe OSAS patients in the community for at least 5 times higher. The group with idiopathic thromboembolism without a risk factor has OSAS in higher rates when compared with the group with risk factors. More comprehensive search is needed on this subject.Keys: pulmonary embolism, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, sleep apnea, venous thromboembolis

Is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome a risk factor for pulmonary thromboemboli?

YÖK Tez No: 282066Giriş ve Amaç: Yapılan birçok çalışmada Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu'nun (OSAS) kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için bağımsız bir risk faktörü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ancak OSAS ile venöz tromboemboli (VTE) arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyan çalışmalar yetersizdir. Bu çalışmada Pulmoner Emboli (PE) tanısı alan hastalarda OSAS sıklığını polisomnografik olarak ortaya koyup OSAS varlığının pulmoner emboli için bir risk faktörü olabileceğini klinisyenlerin dikkatine sunmak amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Düzce Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göğüs Hastalıkları Servisinde PE tanısı alan ardışık 50 hasta prospektif olarak OSAS sıklığı yönünden değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden klinik durumu uygun gönüllü 30 olguya Polisomnografik inceleme yapıldı. Apne-Hipopne İndeksi 5'in üzerinde olan hastalar OSAS olarak kabul edildi. PE'de OSAS sıklığı tespit edildi ve PTE olguları majör risk faktörü olup olmamasına göre iki gruba ayrılarak karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: 28-85 yaşları arasında (61±15,ortalama±SD), 14 kadın, 16 erkek toplam 30 olgu çalışmaya dahil oldu. Nonmasif PE 24 olgu (%80), submasif PE 3 olgu (%10), kronik pulmoner tromboemboli 2 olgu (%6,7) ve masif pulmoner emboli 1 olgu (%3,3) mevcuttu. Olguların %56,7'sinde (17/30) OSAS tespit edildi. Orta ve ağır OSAS (AHİ > 15) olanların oranı ise %26,7 (8/30) idi. Bilinen majör VTE riski olmayan pulmoner tromboembolisi olan hastalarda (n=20), VTE risk faktörü olan hastalara göre (n=10) anlamlı olarak daha yüksek oranda OSAS tespit edildi (sırasıyla %70; 14/20 ve %30; 3/10, p=0.045). Majör PTE risk faktörü olan grubun yaş ortalaması daha düşük, (66 ve 52, p=0.015) kilosu ise daha yüksek (81 ve 88 p=0.025) bulundu. Majör risk faktörü olmayan grupta BUN düzeyleri anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. PTE majör risk faktörü olan ve olmayan grupta vücut kitle indeksi, hematokrit düzeyi, AHİ ve diğer polisomnografik bulgular yönünden anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Yapılan multivaryant lojistik regresyon analizinde görünür majör risk faktörü olmayan grupta PTE için tek bağımsız risk faktörünün OSAS olduğu tespit edildi (p=0.049).Sonuç: PTE'si olan olgularda OSAS oranları toplumdan çok daha yüksek oranda bulundu. Çalışmanın sonuçları OSAS'nın PTE için bağımsız bir risk faktörü olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu konuda daha kapsamlı çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.Background and Objectives: It is evaluated that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no further study demonstrating the relationship between OSAS and venous thromboemboli (VTE). In this study, the aim is to evaluate OSAS via polysomnography in patients with pulmonary embolism and drawing the attention of clinicians to the presence of OSAS may be a risk factor for pulmonary embolism.Method: In the Department of Chest Diseases of Düzce University School of Medicine, 50 patients with pulmonary embolism were evaluated for the frequency of OSAS, prospectively.Polysomnographic evaluation was performed to clinically stable 30 patients agreed to participate in the study. Patient with apnea-hypopnea index more than 5 was defined as OSAS.The frequency of OSAS in the patients with pulmonary embolism was detected and the properties of those patients compared with other cases.Results: Between the ages of 25-85 (61-15,mean ?SD), 30 patients (14 women,16 men) were included in study.There were 24 patients with non-massive pulmonary embolism (%80), 3 patients with submassive pulmonary embolism(%10 ),2 patients chronic pulmonary embolism (%6,7)and 1 patient with massive pulmonary embolism (%3,3), respectively.%56,7 of the patients (17/30)OSAS were detected. The percent of patients with moderate and severe OSAS (AHI >15) was %26,7 (8/30).The patients with no known major risk factors for pulmonary embolism had significantly high rates OSAS compared to,those with having major risk factors (respectively %70; 14/20, %30 3/10 and ;p: 0,045 )The mean age of the group with major risk factor for VTE was found low.(66-13 and 52 -15, p: 0,015)There was no significantly difference for gender, weight and body mass index between the groups, who have major risk factors for VTE and who have no major risk factor for VTE.Conclusions: The rate of OSAS in patients with PE was much higher than that of community. Moreover, the clinical significance of moderate and severe OSAS patients in the community for at least 5 times higher. The group with idiopathic thromboembolism without a risk factor has OSAS in higher rates when compared with the group with risk factors. More comprehensive search is needed on this subject.Keys: pulmonary embolism, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, sleep apnea, venous thromboembolis

The Evaluation of Family Physicians’ Knowledge on the Use of Inhalation Devices

Objective: Nowadays, inhalation techniques have an important role in treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Correct application of inhalation devices is important for optimal therapeutic efficacy. Showing inhalation techniques to patients receiving inhaler therapy in more than one visit reduce the device usage errors. It is important to observe the deficiencies and errors of the patients in the primary health care where the patients frequently admitted. In our study we aimed to evaluate the knowledge of family physians on inhaler device usage in their clinical practice. Methods: Family physicians who work in primary health care services were visited face to face. Fifty family physicians who were in the institution at visit day and agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The questionnaire consisting of 15 questions were asked each family physician. Then, seven different inhalation devices were evaluated with 10 step scoring system of inhaler device usage. Results: Twenty eight (56%) physicians were female and 22 (44%) were male. The mean age was 36.3±6.7 years and mean working time as a family physician was 5.12±2.8 years. Nineteen physicians participated to a meeting about usage of inhaler devices in the past. Average scores for inhaler devices were found 7.96±2.91 for metered-dose inhaler, 7.54±3.93 for discus, 7.28±4.04 for handihaler, 6.38±4.4 for aerolizer, 6.12±4.22 for turbuhaler, 5.98±4 for easyhaler and 5.72±4.59 for sanohaler, respectively. There was no relation between the inhaler devices usage scores and sex, age, duration of being family physician (p>0.05). The average scores of physicians who participated to a training were better than the physicians who didn’t participate for metered-dose inhalers, turbuhaler, aerolizer and handihaler (p=0.049, p=0.05, p=0.013 and p=0.021, respectively). Conclusion: We thought that training of family physicians for inhaler devices is necessary to improve patients’ compliance and successful treatment

Relationship between Respiratory Tract Complaints, Functional Status, and Smoking in Hairdressers, Auto Painters, and Carpenters

Background and Aim. It was observed that occupation and smoking increased each other's effects on the development of airway diseases. We aimed to search the relationship between respiratory symptoms, smoking, and occupation. Materials and Methods. 225 employees in Düzce, Turkey, were applied a survey questioning respiratory complaints, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and cotinine measurements in urine. Results. Cough (26.7%), phlegm (30.7%), and chest tightness (21.3%) were encountered more in carpenters compared to other groups and phlegm was statistically higher at significant level compared to other groups. The complaints of cough (30.4%), phlegm (27.4%), and chest tightness (21.5%) were significantly higher in individuals whose cotinine level was above 500 ng/mL and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, maximum midexpiratory flow rate (MMFR) values were significantly lower. Dyspnea complaint of auto painters whose cotinine level was below 500 ng/mL was significantly higher and also expected MMFR% value of this group was significantly lower compared to other groups. While age had independent effect on respiratory function tests, type of the job was found to be independently effective on MMFR. Conclusion. Smoking increases respiratory complaints of employees. In auto painters, the occupation causes airway disease regardless of smoking

Relationship between Respiratory Tract Complaints, Functional Status, and Smoking in Hairdressers, Auto Painters, and Carpenters

Background and Aim. It was observed that occupation and smoking increased each other’s effects on the development of airway diseases. We aimed to search the relationship between respiratory symptoms, smoking, and occupation. Materials and Methods. 225 employees in Düzce, Turkey, were applied a survey questioning respiratory complaints, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and cotinine measurements in urine. Results. Cough (26.7%), phlegm (30.7%), and chest tightness (21.3%) were encountered more in carpenters compared to other groups and phlegm was statistically higher at significant level compared to other groups. The complaints of cough (30.4%), phlegm (27.4%), and chest tightness (21.5%) were significantly higher in individuals whose cotinine level was above 500 ng/mL and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, maximum midexpiratory flow rate (MMFR) values were significantly lower. Dyspnea complaint of auto painters whose cotinine level was below 500 ng/mL was significantly higher and also expected MMFR% value of this group was significantly lower compared to other groups. While age had independent effect on respiratory function tests, type of the job was found to be independently effective on MMFR. Conclusion. Smoking increases respiratory complaints of employees. In auto painters, the occupation causes airway disease regardless of smoking

Is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome a risk factor for pulmonary thromboembolism?

Annakkaya, Ali Nihat N/0000-0002-7661-8830; Balbay, Ege Gulec/0000-0002-1557-7019WOS: 000311265100022PubMed: 23075730Background In many studies, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Conversely, there are few reports establishing possible relation between OSA and venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this study, the aim is to evaluate OSA via polysomnography in patients with pulmonary embolism and drawing the attention of clinicians to the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may be a risk factor for pulmonary embolism. Methods Fifty consecutive patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE) were evaluated prospectively for OSAS. Polysomnographic examination was conducted on 30 volunteer patients. The frequency of OSAS in PE was determined and PE cases were compared to each other after being divided into two groups based on the presence of a major risk factor. Results The study consisted of a total of 30 patients (14 females and 16 males). In 56.7% of the patients (17/30), OSAS was determined. The percent of cases with moderate and severe OSAS (apnea hipoapnea index >15) was 26.7% (8/30). Patients who had pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) without any known major VTE risk (n=20), were compared to patients with VTE risk factors (n=10), and significantly higher rates of OSAS were seen (70% and 30% respectively; P=0.045). The mean age of the group with major PE risk factors was lower than the group without major PE risk factors (52 years old and 66 years old, respectively; P=0.015), however, weight was greater in the group with major PE risk factors (88 kg and 81 kg, respectively; P=0.025). By multivariate Logistic regression analysis, in the group without any visible major risk factors, the only independent risk factor for PE was OSAS (P=0.049). Conclusions In patients with PTE, OSA rates were much higher than in the general population. Moreover, the rate for patients with clinically significant moderate and severe OSA was quite high. PTE patients with OSA symptoms (not syndromes) and without known major risk factor should be examined for OSA. There seems to be a relationship between OSA and PTE. However, whether this relationship is a causal relationship or a relationship due to common risk factors or long-term complications of OSA is not clear. Further comprehensive studies on those special topics are needed to clarify these points. Chin Med J 2012;125(20):3712-371

Göğüs Hastalıkları Polikliniğinde Mesleki ve ÇevreselMaruziyeti Yeterince Sorguluyor Muyuz?

Amaç: Göğüs hastalıklarında öykü alma aşamasında, bireylerin mesleki ve çevresel maruziyetleri ile sigara kullanma öykülerini ayrıntılı olarak kaydetmek hastalık tanısında çok önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğinde alınan meslek anamnezlerinin kalitesini araştırmak planlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Tıp fakültesi göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğine ayaktan başvurmuş 320 ardışık hastanın (158 kadın, 162 erkek) kayıtları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Kayıtlarda bireylerin meslek öykü- lerinin ayrıntılı olarak alınıp alınmadığı, çevresel maruziyetlerin ve sigara kullanımının sorgulanma şekli değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Kadın hastaların yaş ortalaması 51,6173 iken, erkeklerinki 55,116,1 idi. En sık karşılaşılan meslekler; ev hanımı (%37,5), çiftçi (%12,8) ve işçi (%12,2) idi. Ayrıntılı meslek öyküsü %21,9 oranında alınmış ve erkeklerde (%79) kadınlardan (%31) daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştu (p0.001). İşçilerin %60'ında çalışılan işyeri sorgulanırken, halen çalışılan işten önceki işler %10,6 oranında sorgulanmıştı. Toplam 9 bireye (%2,8) yaşadığı ortam sorulmuştu. Sigara kullanımı olguların %90,6'sında sorgulanmıştı. Toplam 290 sigara kullanan olgunun 183'üne (%63,1) paket.yıl sorgulaması yapılmıştı. Sonuç: Göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğinde ayrıntılı mesleki anamnez, çevresel maruziyet öyküsü ve sigara kullanımı öyküsü kayıtlarının yeterli derecede yapılmadığı gözlenmiştir.Objective: Detailed examination of occupational and environmental exposure of the individuals and their use of cigarette during history-taking stage in Chest Diseases is crucial. This study was planned to investigate the qualities of occupational anamneses carried out in the Outpatient Clinic of Chest Diseases. Methods: The recordings of 320 consecutive outpatients (158 female and 162 male) admitted to the Outpatient Clinic of Chest Diseases in the Faculty of Medicine were evaluated retrospectively. During this evaluation, whether occupational histories of the patients had been taken in detail or not and the manner in which questioning was performed regarding environmental exposure and smoking were assessed. Results: The mean age was 51.6±17.3 years in female patients and 55.1±16.1 years in male patients. The most common occupations were housewife (37.5%), farmer (12.8%) and worker (12.2%). Detailed occupational history-taking rate was 21.9% and was found to be higher in males (79%) than in females (31%) (p0.001). Of the workers, 60% had been questioned regarding their current workplaces, while only 10.6% had been questioned about their previous workplaces. In total, 9 patients (2.8%) had been asked about the environment in which they live. The smoking habits had been questioned in 90.6% of the cases. Of the 290 patients who had been smoking, 183 (63.1%) had been questioned about the amount of cigarettes smoked in a year (packs.year).Conclusion: It was observed that extensive occupational anamnesis and a history of environmental exposure and smoking were not taken adequately in the Outpatient Clinic of Chest Disease