99 research outputs found

    Infecção congĂȘnita pelo citomegalovĂ­rus em unidade neonatal de alto risco de um hospital universitĂĄrio no Brasil: prevalĂȘncia avaliada pela PCR e associação com alguns aspectos perinatais

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    Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection, affecting 0.4% to 2.3% newborns. Most of them are asymptomatic at birth, but later 10% develop handicaps, mainly neurological disturbances. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of CMV shed in urine of newborns from a neonatal intensive care unit using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and correlate positive cases to some perinatal aspects. Urine samples obtained at first week of life were processed according to a PCR protocol. Perinatal data were collected retrospectively from medical records. Twenty of the 292 cases (6.8%) were CMV-DNA positive. There was no statistical difference between newborns with and without CMV congenital infection concerning birth weight (p=0.11), gestational age (p=0.11), Apgar scores in the first and fifth minutes of life (p=0.99 and 0.16), mother's age (p=0.67) and gestational history. Moreover, CMV congenital infection was neither related to gender (p=0.55) nor to low weight (A citomegalovirose Ă© das infecçÔes congĂȘnitas mais prevalentes, acometendo de 0,4% a 2,3% dos nascidos vivos. A maioria dos recĂ©m-nascidos (RN) infectados Ă© assintomĂĄtica, mas atĂ© 10% desenvolvem seqĂŒelas variadas, principalmente neurossensoriais. Objetivamos determinar a prevalĂȘncia do CMV na urina de RN atravĂ©s da PCR, correlacionando-a a alguns achados perinatais. Analisamos amostras de urina colhidas na 1ÂȘ semana de vida de 292 RN do HC-UFMG, todos internados na unidade neonatal de alto risco. DNA viral foi amplificado segundo protocolo de PCR. Os dados perinatais foram colhidos retrospectivamente de registros mĂ©dicos. Na população estudada, 20 dos 292 casos (6,8%) mostraram positividade para o DNA-CMV. NĂŁo houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os RN com e os sem infecção congĂȘnita pelo CMV quanto a peso ao nascer (p=0,11), idade gestacional (p=0,11), Ă­ndice de Apgar no 1Âș e 5Âș minutos (p=0,99 e 0,16), idade da mĂŁe (p=0,67) e histĂłria gestacional materna. TambĂ©m nĂŁo se observou associação da infecção congĂȘnita pelo CMV com baixo peso ao nascer (p=0,13) ou sexo do RN (p=0,55). A alta prevalĂȘncia da infecção congĂȘnita neste estudo (6,8%) pode ser devida Ă  elevada sensibilidade da PCR, ao baixo nĂ­vel sĂłcio-econĂŽmico da população estudada ou Ă s caracterĂ­sticas clĂ­nicas mais graves desses RN

    Oficina: Uso Consciente do Computador e Internet

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    Esta oficina é parte integrante das atividades da 2a. edição do projeto de Extensão "Construindo Saberes Através do Computador e Internet". O objetivo da oficina é mostrar para as crianças do ensino fundamental a melhor forma de usar a tecnologia, apresentando os pontos negativos e positivos através de filmes, reportagens e documentårios sobre cada um dos temas a serem abordados (Perigos na Internet, Vícios em Internet e Cyberbullying). Para tanto, buscar-se-å exibir filmes, reportagens e documentårios acerca de temas recorrentes sobre tecnologia; aproximar as crianças de problemas que parecem distantes, mas que devem ser prevenidos e como evitå-los; passar dicas do melhor uso da internet e do computador; fazer com que as crianças reflitam se estão usando corretamente a tecnologia

    Cidadania mediada : processos de democratização da política municipal no Brasil

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    This article discusses the notion that the persistence of &ldquo;traditional&rdquo; political practices weakens Brazil&rsquo;s democracy.Drawing on the cases of three Brazilian municipalities administered by the Workers&rsquo; Party (PT), the author examines the space between &ldquo;traditional&rdquo; and &ldquo;modern&rdquo; and argues that successful democratization does not eradicate practices such as clientelism and patronage, but it tends to incorporate and build on these traditional political elements. Moreover, the article maintains that the democratization of municipal politics is inextricably bound up with the eradication of poverty and the construction of a responsive, state-based social safety net.<br /

    Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

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    Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change
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