Inferior alveolar nerve transposition with involvement of the mental foramen for implant placement

Inferior Alveolar Nerve (IAN) transposition is an option for prosthetic rehabilitation in cases of moderate or even severe bone reabsorption for patients that do not tolerate removable dentures. The aim of the present report is to describe an inferior alveolar nerve transposition with involvement of the mental foramen for implant placement. The surgical procedure was performed under local anesthesia, by the inferior alveolar, lingual and buccal nerve blocking technique. Centripetal osteotomy was performed, and bone tissue was removed, leaving the nerve tissue free in the foramen area. After that, transsection of the incisor nerve was performed, and lateral osteotomy was started from the buccal direction, toward the trajectory of the IAN. The procedure was concluded, by making use of a delicate resin spatula to manipulate the vascular-nervous bundle. The drilling sequence for placing the dental implants was performed, and autogenous bone was harvested using a bone collector attached to the surgical suction appliance. After the implants were placed, the bone tissue previously collected during the osteotomies and drilling processes was placed in order to protect the IAN from contact with the implants. The surgical protocol for inferior alveolar nerve transposition, followed by implant placement presented excellent results, with complete recovery of the sensitivity, seven months after the surgical procedure

Conscientização de estudantes do ensino médio técnico por meio da educação CTS: abordagem do tema trânsito e mobilidade urbana visando à formação para a cidadania

Nesta pesquisa são relatados os resultados de intervenções pedagógicas alinhadas à Educação Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), utilizando como tema Trânsito e Mobilidade Urbana na disciplina de Física, envolvendo 40 alunos da primeira série do Ensino Médio Técnico. Nas atividades realizadas os conteúdos escolares foram abordados enfatizando-se situações de trânsito e locomoção urbana, bem como suas consequências para a qualidade de vida. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionários e evidenciaram algumas mudanças na percepção dos alunos acerca de aspectos importantes envolvendo relações CTS. Os resultados apontam que houve maior conscientização quanto à postura cidadã e na compreensão de relações entre a Física e a vida humana. A abordagem temática contextualizada foi capaz de fornecer ao aluno uma formação mais consistente quanto à aplicabilidade e significação dos conceitos físicos em uma perspectiva de formação para a cidadania

The effect of suplemental feeding on the reproductive behavior of Canchim young bulls. I. Pubertal traits

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação alimentar durante o período seco sobre a puberdade de tourinhos Canchim. Utilizaram-se 30 bezerros recém-desmamados, distribuídos em três lotes, em pastos de braquiária, constituindo os seguintes tratamentos: T1 – testemunha em regime de pasto; T2 - pasto mais 1,0 kg de ração/animal/dia; e T3 - pasto mais 2,0 kg de  ração/animal/dia. No segundo período seco (ano 2) as quantidades de ração de T2 e T3 foram ajustadas para 2,0 e 4,0 kg/animal/dia. Os resultados indicaram que, apesar de os animais suplementados ganharem mais peso durante a seca, não houve efeitos significativos de tratamento sobre qualquer das características estudadas. As médias de peso e idade obtidas para todos os tratamentos em conjunto foram: 210,6 kg e 383,4 dias para o aparecimento do primeiro espermatozóide; 216,9 kg e 410,3 dias para o primeiro espermatozóide móvel; 233,9 kg e 462,0 dias para a emergência da puberdade; e 278,9 kg e 615,2 dias para a separação pênis-prepúcio. As médias obtidas para a circunferência escrotal foram 21,37 cm; 22,21 cm; 24,22 cm e 27,00 cm, respectivamente aos 383,4; 410,3; 462,0 e 615,2 dias de idade. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplemental feeding during the dry period on the onset of puberty in Canchim young bulls. Thirty weaned male calves were randomly alloted to the following treatments: T1 - control, on Brachiaria decumbens pasture; T2 - pasture plus 1.0 kg/an./day of a balanced concentrate; and T3 - pasture plus 2.0 kg/an./day of concentrate. On the second dry period (year 2) the amounts of concentrate of T2 and T3 were increased to 2.0 and 4.0 kg/an./day. The results indicated that, even though the supplemented animals put on more weight during the dry season, treatments showed no effects on the traits studied. The means for weights and ages obtained were: 210.6 kg and 383.4 days for the first sperm; 216.9 kg and 401.3 days for the first motile sperm; 233.9 kg and 462.0 days for the onset of puberty; and 278.9 kg and 615.2 days for the sheath-penis detachment. The means obtained for the scrotal circunference were, 21.37 cm, 22.21 cm, 24.22 cm and 27.00 cm, respectively at 383.4, 401.3, 462.0 and 615.2 days of age.

A Review and discussion about the indicators for the demand forecast of the dental surgeons in Brazil

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir a necessidade de demanda por cirurgiões-dentistas no Brasil a partir do indicador que expressa a proporção identificada como adequada entre o número de profissionais por uma quantidade determinada de população. Deste modo, serão observados dois indicadores: o primeiro é o indicador clássico preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS); o segundo é o proposto pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) para a reorganização da Atenção Básica em Saúde no país, através da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Com vistas a alcançar os objetivos traçados optou-se por utilizar a Pesquisa Bibliográfica e a Pesquisa Documental. Destaca-se, neste sentido, a utilização de Fontes para Estudos e Pesquisas de Recursos Humanos em Saúde. Os resultados apontam para, tomando-se por base o indicador da OMS, um excesso e uma má distribuição dos cirurgiões-dentistas no país. Por outro lado, ao levar em consideração o indicador preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde, evidencia-se a necessidade de um grande número de novos postos de trabalho em saúde pública, de modo a garantir a universalidade de acesso aos serviços odontológicos. Por fim, salienta-se que o tema precisa ser problematizado no interior da classe odontológica, pois a incoerência entre as necessidades de mercado e a oferta crescente de cirurgiões-dentistas pode trazer conseqüências indesejáveis, tanto para os profissionais quanto para os usuários das ações e serviços de saúde prestados.This article has the main goal of discussing the demand for dental surgeons in Brazil starting from the indicator that expresses the proportion between the number of professionals and a determinedamount of the population identifi ed as adequate. Therefore , two indicators were observed: the fi rst is the classic indicator advocated by the World Health Organization (OMS); the second is the one proposed by the Ministry of Health (MS) for the re-organization of the Basic Health Attention in the country, through the Family Health Strategy (ESF). To achieve the proposed goals, the Bibliographical Research and the Documental Research were used. In this regard, the use of Health Human Resources Study and ResearchSources is highlighted. If the supporting indicator is the OMS, the results point to an excess and a bad distribution of the dentalsurgeons in the country. In the other hand, if the indicator advocated by the Ministry of Health is taken into consideration, the need of a high number of new work posts in public health is evident, to assure the universality of access to dental services. Lastly, it is brought up that the theme needs to be problematized inside the dentalclass, because the incoherence between the market demands and the rising offer of dental surgeons might bring undesired consequences, for both professionals and users of the provided actions and services

Exploring the effect of time and sex in family and community violence from 2008 to 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the time and the sex of victims and perpetrators on the rates of family and community physical violence in a Brazilian municipality over seven years (2008–2014). METHODS: We made a census analysis from non-fatal victims attended in the Forensic Institute of the Scientific Civil Police. The monthly and annual violence rates were calculated based on the population size of the municipality. Time series was evaluated by negative binomial regression models, based on the number of cases with population offset and considering the effect of the sex of victims and perpetrators. RESULTS: A total of 3,324 cases of family and 4,634 cases of community violence were analyzed. There was a significant increase in family violence rates for female victims and male perpetrators. Family violence rates were always higher for female victims than for male and it was always lower for female perpetrators than for male (p < 0.001). There was a lower risk of community violence for male victims after 2013 and a decrease of aggression perpetrated by men over time. Men and women were similarly affected by community violence; however, the perpetrators were more frequently men. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a trend of increasing female victims in the family violence, mainly perpetrated by men. The reduction in community violence rates could be the result of policies to reduce crime

O papel do New Trauma and Injury Severity Score (NTRISS) para predição de sobrevida

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a substituição do Injury Severity Score (ISS) pelo New Injury Severity Score (NISS), na fórmula original do Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), melhora sua estimativa da taxa de sobrevida. Estudo retrospectivo realizado num centro de trauma nível I, durante um ano. A curva ROC foi utilizada para identificar o melhor indicador (TRISS ou NTRISS) para predição da probabilidade de sobrevida. O estudo incluiu 533 traumatizados, com idade média de 38±16 anos. Houve predomínio de acidentes de transporte (61,9%). Lesões externas foram mais frequentes (63,0%), seguidas por trauma craniencefálico/cervical (55,5%). A taxa de sobrevida foi de 76,9%. Houve predomínio dos valores do ISS variando de 9-15 (40,0%) e, do NISS, de 16-24 (25,5%). Probabilidade de sobrevida igual ou superior a 75,0% foi obtida para 83,4% das vítimas de acordo com o TRISS e por 78,4% de acordo com NTRISS. A nova versão apresentou melhor desempenho que o TRISS na predição de sobrevida dos doentes traumatizados estudados.El estudio objetivó verificar si la substitución del Injury Severity Score (ISS) por el New Injury Severity Score (NISS) en la fórmula original del Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) mejora su estimación de tasa de sobrevida. Estudio retrospectivo realizado en centro de trauma nivel I durante un año. Se usó curva ROC para identificar el mejor indicador (TRISS o NTRISS) para predicción de probabilidad de sobrevida. El estudio incluyó 533 traumatizados, edad media 38±16 años. Predominaron accidentes de transporte (61,9%). Prevalecieron las lesiones externas (63%), seguidas de trauma cráneo-encefálico/cervical (55,5%). Tasa de sobrevida: 76,9%. Predominaron valores de ISS variando de 9-15 (40,0%) y de NISS, de 16-24 (25,5%). Se obtuvo probabilidad de sobrevida igual o mayor a 75% para 83,4% de víctimas según TRISS y para 78,4% según NTRISS. La nueva versión (NTRISS) presentó mejor desempeño que TRISS en predicción de sobrevida en los pacientes traumatizados estudiados.The objective of this study was to verify if replacing the Injury Severity Score (ISS) by the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) in the original Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) form would improve the survival rate estimation. This retrospective study was performed in a level I trauma center during one year. ROC curve was used to identify the best indicator (TRISS or NTRISS) for survival probability prediction. Participants were 533 victims, with a mean age of 38±16 years. There was predominance of motor vehicle accidents (61.9%). External injuries were more frequent (63.0%), followed by head/neck injuries (55.5%). Survival rate was 76.9%. There is predominance of ISS scores ranging from 9-15 (40.0%), and NISS scores ranging from 16-24 (25.5%). Survival probability equal to or greater than 75.0% was obtained for 83.4% of the victims according to TRISS, and for 78.4% according to NTRISS. The new version (NTRISS) is better than TRISS for survival prediction in trauma patients

Tratamento antiretroviral para a infecção pelo HIV/AIDS e o risco de desenvolver hiperglicemia e dislipidemia

A cross-sectional study with internal comparison groups was conducted to describe sociodemographic characteristics, as well as verify the association between the type of antiretroviral treatment used and hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, with special attention to the use of HIV protease inhibitors. The data was obtained through an interview questionnaire, as well as blood and urine samples that were collected for the laboratory exams. A total of 418 patients were interviewed. 46 of these, however, met the exclusion criteria. The sample was therefore composed by 372 HIV positive patients, attended at the laboratory of the Correia Picanço State Hospital for the collection of blood, to estimate the HIV viral load and/or TCD4 cell counts from August to November 2000. The association between the variables was tested using the chi-square test and the p-value. A multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to adjust for potential confounding factors. A greater frequency of patients with high glucose levels was observed among those making use of antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors, but the number of patients limited the comparisons. An association was verified between the total serum cholesterol level and the use of HIV protease inhibitors (p = 0.047) even after controlling for age. An association was also observed between the triglyceride levels and the use of HIV protease inhibitors, which remained after adjustment for age, sex and creatinine levels (p < 0.001). The levels of glucose and TSH, the presence of proteinuria and the practice of physical activity were not associated either with the levels of cholesterol or with the levels of tryglicerides thus they were not confounders of the associations described.Um estudo epidemiológico transversal, com caráter analítico, foi realizado para descrever características sócio-demográficas bem como verificar a associação entre o tipo de tratamento antiretroviral empregado e hiperglicemia e hiperlipidemia, com especial atenção aos pacientes em uso de inibidores da protease do HIV. As informações foram obtidas a partir de um questionário e da coleta de sangue e urina para a execução dos exames laboratoriais. Foram entrevistados 418 pacientes, sendo que 46 indivíduos foram excluídos do estudo. A amostra foi então composta por 372 pacientes soropositivos para o HIV atendidos no ambulatório do Hospital Correia Picanço da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, no período de agosto a novembro de 2000. O teste do Qui-quadrado foi usado para testar as associações e a regressão logística múltipla para ajustar pelos potenciais fatores de confusão. Observou-se uma maior frequência de pacientes com níveis elevados de glicose entre aqueles que faziam uso de terapia antiretroviral sem inibidores da protease, mas o pequeno número de indivíduos limitou as comparações. Verificou-se uma associação entre o colesterol total e o uso de inibidores da protease (p = 0,047) mesmo após o ajuste por idade. Verificou-se também uma associação entre os níveis de triglicerídeos e o uso de inibidores da protease que permaneceu estatisticamente significante mesmo após o ajuste por idade, sexo e níveis de creatinina (p < 0,001). Os níveis de glicose, de TSH, a presença de proteinúria e a pratica de exercícios físicos não estiveram associados com os níveis de colesterol ou com os níveis de triglicerídeos, não se caracterizando como fatores de confusão das associações descritas

Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignances. In epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cells switch to mesenchymal-like cells exhibiting high mobility. This migratory phenotype is significant during tumor invasion and metastasis. Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of the EMT markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in OSCC. Material and Methods : Immunohistochemical detection of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin was performed on 20 OSCC samples. Differences in the expression of each protein at the invasive front (IF) and in the central/superficial areas (CSA) of the tumor were assessed. Differences in the expression of each protein at the IF of both histologically high- and low-invasive OSCCs were evaluated. Associations among expression of proteins at the IF were assessed. Correlations between the expression levels of each protein at the IF and the tumor stage and clinical nodal status were also evaluated. Results : Reduced expression of E-cadherin was detected in 15 samples (75%). E-cadherin expression was reduced at the IF when compared to the CSA and in high-invasive tumors when compared to low-invasive tumors. All samples were negative for N-cadherin, even though one sample showed an inconspicuous expression. Positive expression of vimentin was observed in 6 samples (30%). Nevertheless, there was no difference in vimentin expression between the IF and the CSA regions or between the low- and high-invasive tumors. Furthermore, no association was observed among protein expression levels at the IF. Finally, no correlations were observed between each protein’s expression levels and tumor stage or clinical nodal status. Conclusions : Reduced E-cadherin expression at the IF and its association with histological invasiveness suggest that this protein is a noteworthy EMT marker in OSCC. Although vimentin was also detected as an EMT marker, its expression was neither limited to the IF nor was it related to histological invasiveness