Veileder for urbant landbruk i arealer som er åpne for allmennheten

Urban farming is about food production, either in the urban areas or made by the urban citizens in or near urban areas. However, purposes and effects include so much more than only products. The social and environmental effects are many and of great importance to the future urban citizens, as well as for the development of our future sustainable cities and new urban food systems. This guide intends to give input to how urban farming in Norway can be implemented in simple ways. Although in many Norwegian cities this is already realized beyond the scope of this guide, hopefully the guide can give useful input and inspiration to the many municipalities that still are in the start-up in this area. The guide gives the most important topics that need to be addressed before urban farming can be realized in the municipalities. Municipalities need to find areas that can be used, for allotment gardening or for planting the food plants that can be freely harvested by citizens. The allotment growers need a minimum of infrastructure and guidelines on what and how to grow the plants, so that the quality of the edible products and the environment are well taken care for. And interested citizens need permission to use the suitable area for their activities. With good planning and management, urban farming can give a long range of ecosystem services to the citizen, society, and the urban nature.Veileder for urbant landbruk i arealer som er åpne for allmennhetenpublishedVersio

Sedum root foraging in layered green roof substrates

Background and aims Layered profiles of designed soils may provide long-term benefits for green roofs, provided the vegetation can exploit resources in the different layers. We aimed to quantify Sedum root foraging for water and nutrients in designed soils of different texture and layering. Methods In a controlled pot experiment we quantified the root foraging ability of the species Sedum album (L.) and S. rupestre (L.) in response to substrate structure (fine, coarse, layered or mixed), vertical fertiliser placement (top or bottom half of pot) and watering (5, 10 or 20 mm week−1 ). Results Water availability was the main driver of plant growth, followed by substrate structure, while fertiliser placement only had marginal effects on plant growth. Root foraging ability was low to moderate, as also reflected in the low proportion of biomass allocated to roots (5–13%). Increased watering reduced the proportion of root length and root biomass in deeper layers. Conclusions Both S. album and S. rupestre had a low ability to exploit water and nutrients by precise root foraging in substrates of different texture and layering. Allocation of biomass to roots was low and showed limited flexibility even under water-deficient conditions.Sedum root foraging in layered green roof substratesacceptedVersio

Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production under different soil conditions

Organic amendments can improve grassland productivity. Timothy and tall fescue were sown on a sandy loam and a coarse sand at Særheim, Norway, in September 2016 and on a loamy sand at Skierniewice, Poland, in April 2017, and cut and fertilised according to normal practices for the two regions from 2017 to 2019. At both sites, 0.75 kg DM m-2 of either digested or undigested manure (the latter with or without 2.9 kg biochar m-2) were incorporated prior to sowing. On the coarse sand at Særheim, total seasonal tall fescue yield in 2018 was 46–60% higher in the organic amendment treatments, and total seasonal timothy yield in the digestate treatment was 97% higher, than in the control treatment for the same species with only mineral fertiliser. On the sandy loam at Særheim and the loamy sand at Skierniewice, none of the amendments resulted in significant yield increments. These results indicate a clear effect on soil type on grassland biomass response to organic amendments

N fertilization strategies for the use of P-rich organic amendments in the restoration of soil productivity—short-term responses in two soils

To facilitate nutrient management and the use of manure as a feedstock for biogas production, manure is often separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. The former fraction is usually high in P and low in N, so when incorporated in the soil as fertilizer, it needs to be supplemented by N from, e.g., mineral fertilizers or nitrogen-fixing species. To explore strategies to manage N with solid-separated manure, we examined how the amount of digestate and the N:P ratio of pig digestate, i.e., manure that had partially undergone anaerobic digestion, affected the productivity of Westerwolds ryegrass and red clover in a pot experiment with one soil which was rich and another which was poor in plant nutrients. The soil and plant species treatments were combined with four doses of digestate, which gave plant available phosphorus (P) concentrations of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg P100 g−1 soil. Ammonium nitrate was dosed to obtain factorial combinations of digestate amount and N:P ratios of 1.8, 4, 8, and 16. Clover was harvested once at the beginning of flowering (15 weeks after seeding), while Westerwolds ryegrass was allowed to regrow three times after being cut at the shooting stage (in total, 4 cuts, 6, 9, 12, and 15 weeks after seeding). Ryegrass yield increased by up to 2.9 times with digestate dosage. Interactions with the N:P ratio and soil type were weak. Hence, the effect of increasing the N:P ratio was additive across digestate dosages. Red clover biomass also increased by up to 39% with digestate dosage. Residual nutrients in the soil after red clover cultivation were affected by the initial differences in soil characteristics but not by digestate treatment or biomass of harvested red clover. A targeted N management is required to benefit from the P-rich digestate in grass cultivation, while the long-term effects of red clover culture on N input need further investigation

Real-Time Echocardiography Guidance for Optimized Apical Standard Views

Measurements of cardiac function such as left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial strain are typically based on 2-D ultrasound imaging. The reliability of these measurements depends on the correct pose of the transducer such that the 2-D imaging plane properly aligns with the heart for standard measurement views and is thus dependent on the operator's skills. We propose a deep learning tool that suggests transducer movements to help users navigate toward the required standard views while scanning. The tool can simplify echocardiography for less experienced users and improve image standardization for more experienced users. Training data were generated by slicing 3-D ultrasound volumes, which permits simulation of the movements of a 2-D transducer. Neural networks were further trained to calculate the transducer position in a regression fashion. The method was validated and tested on 2-D images from several data sets representative of a prospective clinical setting. The method proposed the adequate transducer movement 75% of the time when averaging over all degrees of freedom and 95% of the time when considering transducer rotation solely. Real-time application examples illustrate the direct relation between the transducer movements, the ultrasound image and the provided feedback.publishedVersio

Ugraskontroll i kommunale grøntanlegg uten bruk av kjemikalier

Klepp municipality ordered a report on how to manage weed control in urban green areas without use of chemical methods. Measures need to be taken already in the planning and in the establishment phase, when soils should be free of weed plants and with as little weed seeds as possible. Cleaning for weds needs to be followed up very methodologically. A standard for how much weeds that can be tolerated before treatment should be given to each specific area. In the report, we refer to different alternative methods of weed control. Choices of methods should be according to the specified area, the standards and with concern for the users of those areas. The treatments must be safe and efficient. Weeds removed with gas burners, treated with hot water or eventually with other suitable equipment. We emphasize that success depend on good planning and education of the persons that shall realize the weed control.publishedVersio

Norsk landbruksforskning : effekter av UV-B stråling på planters fysiologi, vekst og utvikling

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Temperaturkorrigering av energiforbruket

Denne rapporten inneholder to notater om temperaturkorrigering av engergiforbruket, ett om korrigering av elektrisitetsforbruket og ett om korrigering av oljeforbruket. Energiforbruket til oppvarming varierer med utetemperaturen. Når en skal analysere utviklingen i energiforbruket må en ta hensyn til dette, og det er viktig å kunne korrigere forbruket de enkelte år til hva det ville ha vært under normale temperaturforhold. Det er f.eks. det temperaturkorrigerte forbruket som legges til grunn når det skal lages energiprognoser. Byrået har tidligere ikke utarbeid temperaturkorreksjoner. Denne rapporten viser hvordan slike tall kan beregnes. Byrået har ikke tatt stillig til om dette skal gjøres som en fast rutine, og forfatterne står selv ansvarlige for analysene og resultatene i rapporten

Temperaturkorrigering av energiforbruket

Denne rapporten inneholder to notater om temperaturkorrigering av engergiforbruket, ett om korrigering av elektrisitetsforbruket og ett om korrigering av oljeforbruket. Energiforbruket til oppvarming varierer med utetemperaturen. Når en skal analysere utviklingen i energiforbruket må en ta hensyn til dette, og det er viktig å kunne korrigere forbruket de enkelte år til hva det ville ha vært under normale temperaturforhold. Det er f.eks. det temperaturkorrigerte forbruket som legges til grunn når det skal lages energiprognoser. Byrået har tidligere ikke utarbeid temperaturkorreksjoner. Denne rapporten viser hvordan slike tall kan beregnes. Byrået har ikke tatt stillig til om dette skal gjøres som en fast rutine, og forfatterne står selv ansvarlige for analysene og resultatene i rapporten

Norsk landbruksforskning : effekter av UV-B stråling på planters fysiologi, vekst og utvikling

Inneholder flere artikle