Caracterización de las alteraciones genéticas de riesgo alto en los síndromes mielodisplásicos : la transformación leucémica

Los síndromes mielodisplásicos (SMD) constituyen un amplio y heterogéneo grupo de desórdenes hematopoyéticos crónicos que presentan un fenotipo tumoral caracterizado por clonalidad y displasia de los tres linajes mieloide. Esto conlleva a una hematopoyesis ineficaz que causa hipercelularidad de la médula ósea y citopenia en sangre periférica. Alrededor de un 30-40% de los SMD progresan a leucemia mieloide aguda debido a la adquisición de diferentes mutaciones y selección de clones. La IPSS-R clasifica los SMD en cinco grupos de riesgo (muy bajo, bajo, intermedio, alto y muy alto).Aproximadamente el 80% de los pacientes con SMD presentan alteraciones en el ADN. Se han descrito más de 40 genes mutados de forma recurrente en esta patología. Algunas de las mutaciones más frecuentes tienen lugar en genes que codifican a factores de transcripción (TP53, RUNX1, ETV6), reguladores epigenéticos (TET2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, EZH2, IDH1/2), factores de splicing o procesadores de ARNm (SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1, ZRSR2) y proteínas de señalización celular (NRAS, CBL, JAK2, SETBP1). Varias alteraciones han sido descritas como marcadores moleculares con valor pronóstico de manera independiente para esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, aún se desconoce el motivo de por qué algunos síndromes mielodisplásicos presentan una mayor tendencia a la transformación leucémica pese a no presentar cariotipo complejo o mutaciones de mal pronóstico..

PERCEPCIÓN DEL ROL QUE DESEMPEÑAN LAS MUJERES EN PUESTOS A NIVEL DIRECTIVO DEL MERCADO LABORAL

Today, the role played by women occupying managerial positions in the workplace is limited by the existence of gender discrimination. Under this premise, and in order to know the perception of the activity of the female sex in this area, was conducted this descriptive study through a questionnaire to 1240 graduates professionals (as) of the Faculty Accounting and Administration of the National University of Mexico (UNAM). The results suggest changes in paradigm shift in terms of employment preference for males

Percepción del consumo de producciones de calidad: los casos del Quesillo de Oaxaca, México y el Jamón ibérico de bellota de España

Este trabajo reflexiona sobre una de las realidades del hecho alimentario menos tratadas por la literatura científica, la percepción por parte de los consumidores en torno a los alimentos con marcas de calidad. Analizaremos percepciones y significados en dos contextos sociológicos tan diferentes como el mexicano y el español, en torno a los denominados productos de calidad, entendiendo por ello aquellas producciones agroalimentarias de reconocida calidad basadas en la singularidad de su origen, tradición y saber hacer de territorios rurales concretos, productos con marca distintiva o con reconocido arraigo territorial. Dicho análisis se sustancia en dos casos empíricos como son el jamón ibérico español y el Quesillo de Oaxaca, casos objeto de investigación desde distintos proyectos de investigación sobre las producciones de calidad diferenciadas ligadas al mundo rural, donde asistimos a una progresiva especialización de los espacios rurales en este tipo de producciones agroalimentarias distintiva

CONTRIBUCIÓN DE LA MERCADOTECNIA EN LA UTILIZACIÓN DEL SMARTPHONE PARA VIDEOJUEGOS, CONVIRTIÉNDOLA EN UNA POSIBLE ADICCIÓN EN LOS JÓVENES

Currently young people are increasing the activities they perform in their Smartphone, making it an important part in their lives; one of these activities is dedicated to video games. One exploratory research was conducted on 883 young people in order to know whether marketing efforts have led to the use of video games on Smartphone generating in them a possible addictive behavior. We found that men have more addictive than women and they are the most affected by marketing efforts made by companies to increase consumption of various products; in addition to the ones related to video game

COMPARISON OF GENDER IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE IMAGE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE BRAND POSITIONING

The brand exposure in graphic communication, require seconds to transmit the message that persuade the consumer to make the purchase, hence finding appropriate images is an important aspect for marketing managers.The images themselves convey emotion and the perception of them may be altered by the brand positioning.The way images are perceived may differ by gender; and also, the perception that people have of a brand can impact differently on each of them. In this experimental study, the main objective is to examine the relationship between the effects of brand image exposure to affective visual stimuli, differentiated by gender. 274 students (19 years old) from the Management School of the National University of Mexico participated in this study. 60 photos from the IAPS (International Affective Picture System) representing different emotional loads were used, each of them was embedded with a well-recognized and positioned brand in the market taken from the list of BrandZ, and Millward Brown top 100 (2010). The images were evaluated by a Likert scale with nine intervals. The results obtained suggest that the effect of the picture is different in each gender and this effect is modified by the impact of brand positioning on men and women differently. The results will have specific knowledge about the differential impressions of an image and the perception of the brand, so that marketing managers may have a greater impact on attention and memory in the design of their graphic campaigns

Novelty detection in an auditory oddball task on freely moving rats

The relative importance or saliency of sensory inputs depend on the animal’s environmental context and the behavioural responses to these same inputs can vary over time. Here we show how freely moving rats, trained to discriminate between deviant tones embedded in a regular pattern of repeating stimuli and different variations of the classic oddball paradigm, can detect deviant tones, and this discriminability resembles the properties that are typical of neuronal adaptation described in previous studies. Moreover, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) latency decreases after training, a finding consistent with the notion that animals develop a type of plasticity to auditory stimuli. Our study suggests the existence of a form of long-term memory that may modulate the level of neuronal adaptation according to its behavioural relevance, and sets the ground for future experiments that will help to dis- entangle the functional mechanisms that govern behavioural habituation and its relation to neuronal adaptation

PERCEPCIÓN DEL ROL QUE DESEMPEÑAN LAS MUJERES EN PUESTOS A NIVEL DIRECTIVO DEL MERCADO LABORAL

Today, the role played by women occupying managerial positions in the workplace is limited by the existence of gender discrimination. Under this premise, and in order to know the perception of the activity of the female sex in this area, was conducted this descriptive study through a questionnaire to 1240 graduates professionals (as) of the Faculty Accounting and Administration of the National University of Mexico (UNAM). The results suggest changes in paradigm shift in terms of employment preference for males

Percepción de la calidad y confianza en el jamón ibérico. Perspectivas del consumidor y del vendedor.

Este trabajo analiza las percepciones sobre calidad alimentaria de consumidores y vendedores en el caso concreto del jamón ibérico. Con metodología cualitativa y exploratoria, se elaboró una tipología de percepciones cuyo análisis nos permitió comprobar que los cambios operados en la concepción de calidad se vinculan a la percepción, a aplicación de normativas legales y sobre todo, a la variable "confianza" entre actores de la cadena alimentaria como el consumidor y el vendedor

Time to pregnancy: reproducibility assessment in a retrospective cohort study

Introducción: El tiempo para quedar en embarazo (TPE) es una medida clínica de la fecundidad útilen la evaluación de efectos reproductivos relacionados con exposiciones ambientales u ocupacionales. Estudios con mujeres europeas evidencian que su uso tiene una adecuada recordación y reproducibilidad; sin embargo, estas propiedades no han sido evaluadas en Latinoamérica. Objetivos: Evaluar la reproducibilidad de la medida TPE en una población de mujeres colombianas como una aproximación clínica de la fecundidad. Metodología: Estudio de reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba de un cuestionario para determinar el tiempo al primer embarazo en una sub-muestra de 27 mujeres, anidado en una cohorte retrospectiva de evaluación de los efectos reproductivos de la exposición al mercurio metálico en la minería artesanal de oro. El cuestionario fue administrado de forma repetida por un evaluador entrenado, en el primer momento en una entrevista presencial y 12 meses después en una entrevista telefónica. La reproducibilidad del cuestionario fue evaluada usando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). Resultados: La mediana de tiempo al embarazo fue de 4 meses (rango intercuartil 1-12). El rango de tiempo transcurrido desde el primer embarazo estuvo entre 1 y 15 años. El CCI (2,k) fue 0.726 (IC 95% 0.39, 0.88), demostrando una buena reproducibilidad de la variable después de un año de separación entre la primera y segunda entrevista. Conclusiones: El TPE para el primer embarazo mostró ser una medida clínica de fecundidad sencilla y reproducible, con un tiempo de recordación de hasta 15 años y en evaluación presencial o telefónica en una población de mujeres colombianas.Introduction: Time to pregnancy (TTP) is a clinical measurement of fecundity that has been used in occupational and environmental epidemiological research. Previous studies conducted in European women have shown an adequate reliability and reproducibility. However, these characteristics have not been yet evaluated in Latin American women. Objective: To assess the reproducibility of TTP for the first pregnancy as clinical measurement of couple’s fecundity in a population of Colombian women. Methods: A test-retest study of TTP in 27 Colombian women was nested in a retrospective cohort study assessing the effect of mercury exposure on reproductive effects. The questionnaire was applied twice by the same trained interviewer (by person at baseline and by phone 12 months later). The TTP’s reproducibility was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,k). Results: The median TTP was 4 months (Interquartile range 1-12). The range of time from the first pregnancy to the first interview was between 1 and 15 years. The ICC (2,k) was 0.726, (CI 95% 0.39 - 0.88), indicating good reproducibility between both measures. Conclusions: Our results suggest that TTP is a useful and reproducible measurement, with a remembrance time up to 15 years. Results were similar when assessed by phone and face-to face interview in a population of Colombian women

Novel Oleanolic and Maslinic Acids derivatives as a promising treatment against bacterial biofilm in nosocomial infections: An in Vitro and in Vivo study.

Oleanolic acid (OA) and maslinic acid (MA) are pentacyclic triterpenic compounds that abound in industrial olive oil waste. These compounds have renowned antimicrobial properties and lack cytotoxicity in eukaryotic cells as well as resistance mechanisms in bacteria. Despite these advantages, their antimicrobial activity has only been tested in vitro, and derivatives improving this activity have not been reported. In this work, a set of 14 OA and MA C-28 amide derivatives have been synthesized. Two of these derivatives, MA-HDA and OA-HDA, increase the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the parent compounds while reducing their toxicity in most of the Gram-positive bacteria tested, including a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA. MA-HDA also shows an enhanced in vivo efficacy in a Galleria mellonella invertebrate animal model of infection. A preliminary attempt to elucidate their mechanism of action revealed that these compounds are able to penetrate and damage the bacterial cell membrane. More significantly, their capacity to reduce antibiofilm formation in catheters has also been demonstrated in two sets of conditions: a static and a more challenged continuous-flow S. aureus biofilm.This study was partially supported by grants from the Ministerio de Economiá , Industria y Competitividad, MINECO, and Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, Spain, cofunded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, European Union (BIO2015−63557-R, FIS2017−85954-R and RTI2018−098573-B-100)