Les tests diagnostic dans la didactique des langues et des littératures

En este artículo se presenta una prueba diagnóstica elaborada para la medición de las habilidades lingüístico-comunicativas en los estudiantes de Secundaria. En la fundamentación teórica de dicha prueba diagnóstica ocupa una posición clave la conciencia metalingüística.In this paper presents a diagnostic test developed to measure language skills in Middle School students. On the theoretical basis of the diagnostic test metalinguistic, metalinguistic consciousness has a key role.Cet article présente un test diagnostic mis au point pour mesurer les habiletés de communication chez les élèves du collège. Dans les fondements théoriques de ce test diagnostic, la conscience métalinguistique joue un rôle clé

A Method to construct all the Paving Matroids over a Finite Set

We give a characterization of a matroid to be paving, through its set of hyperplanes and give an algorithm to construct all of them.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1502.0180

Dopamine and α-synuclein dysfunction in Smad3 null mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels increase in patients with PD, although the effects of this increment remain unclear. We have examined the mesostriatal system in adult mice deficient in Smad3, a molecule involved in the intracellular TGF-β1 signalling cascade.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Striatal monoamine oxidase (MAO)-mediated dopamine (DA) catabolism to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is strongly increased, promoting oxidative stress that is reflected by an increase in glutathione levels. Fewer astrocytes are detected in the ventral midbrain (VM) and striatal matrix, suggesting decreased trophic support to dopaminergic neurons. The SN of these mice has dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in its rostral portion, and the pro-survival Erk1/2 signalling is diminished in nigra dopaminergic neurons, not associated with alterations to p-JNK or p-p38. Furthermore, inclusions of α-synuclein are evident in selected brain areas, both in the perikaryon (SN and paralemniscal nucleus) or neurites (motor and cingulate cortices, striatum and spinal cord). Interestingly, these α-synuclein deposits are detected with ubiquitin and P^S129-α-synuclein in a core/halo cellular distribution, which resemble those observed in human Lewy bodies (LB).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Smad3 deficiency promotes strong catabolism of DA in the striatum (ST), decrease trophic and astrocytic support to dopaminergic neurons and may induce α-synuclein aggregation, which may be related to early parkinsonism. These data underline a role for Smad3 in α-synuclein and DA homeostasis, and suggest that modulatory molecules of this signalling pathway should be evaluated as possible neuroprotective agents.</p

Antibacterial activity in three Chaetoceros microalgae species cultures by using antibiotics

Diatoms, such as Chaetoceros, grow in a mutualistic relationship with bacteria. However, in some cases, it is necessary to grow them in bacteria-free cultures. To reduce bacterial load, antibiotics are used, and on certain occasions it is necessary to use a mixture with more than one antibiotic. This work aimed to obtain a quick and effective protocol to reduce the bacterial load and evaluate the response of three Chaetoceros species with aquacultural importance. Single and mix antibiotics were used. Microalgal and bacterial growth was measured. The growth parameters for diatoms showed that the significantly highest cell concentration was for C. muelleri (3.15 x106 cells mL-1) and the lowest values to C. calcitrans (2.98 x106 cells mL-1). The significantly highest growth rate was for C. calcitrans (0.77 divisions per day), and the lowest values for Chaetoceros sp. (0.60 divisions per day). The growth parameters for heterotrophic bacteria showed that the significantly highest bacterial load was for Chaetoceros sp. (19.16 x106 CFU (Colony-Forming Units) mL-1) and the lowest values were for C. calcitrans (12.23 x106 CFU mL-1). The growth rate of the heterotrophic bacteria present in Chaetoceros cultures was similar among the three studied species. Streptomycin® and sulfate G41® produced a partial reduction of bacterial load. The most effective treatment for all three species was the use of an antibiotic mix composed of ampicillin® (250 μg mL-1), kanamycin® (200 μg mL-1), neomycin® (50 μg mL-1), and streptomycin® (100 μg mL-1) for three days. The mix prepared with the highest antibiotic concentration produced a reduction of bacteria (100%) for three days; however, it also induced a significant reduction of the growth of the three Chaetoceros species

Efectos de una intervención escolar en la actividad física, el tiempo de sueño, el tiempo de pantalla y la dieta en niños

La inactividad física, los comportamientos sedentarios y el consumo de alimentos no saludables representan un problema de salud pública entre los adolescentes. El objetivo es examinar los efectos de una intervención escolar en los comportamientos de movimiento que interaccionan durante las 24 horas (actividad física, pantallas y sueño), la dieta mediterránea y el estado de salud. Se ha llevado a cabo un diseño cuasi-experimental, durante dos meses y medio. Han participado 121 niños, entre 8 y 9 años (M = 9.01 ± .09 años; 47.11% niñas), de dos escuelas de Educación Primaria, de los cuales 66 se han asignado al grupo control y 55 al grupo experimental. Se han desarrollado diez sesiones de tutoría, de una hora semanal, sobre hábitos saludables. Se han medido la actividad física, el tiempo de pantallas, la duración de sueño, la dieta mediterránea y el estado de salud, antes y después de la intervención, a través de cuestionarios. Los niños del grupo experimental muestran un incremento significativo en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y en los valores de actividad física entre semana en comparación con sus valores iniciales. Además, los mayores valores iniciales en el grupo control en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y en la proporción de sujetos activos, han desaparecido entre los dos grupos después de la intervención. Un programa escolar implementado en las tutorías, a través de diez sesiones de una hora de duración, parece eficaz para mejorar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la proporción de niños activos, pero no para otros comportamientos relacionados con la salud. Multiple health-risk behaviors such as physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors or unhealthy diet represent a public health problem among adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of a school-based intervention on 24-hour movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen-based behaviors, and sleep), Mediterranean diet, and self-rated health status. A quasi-experimental design has been carried out for two months and a half in a sample of 121 children, aged 8-9 years (M = 9.01 ± .09 years old; 47.11% girls), from two elementary schools. Sixty-six students from one of the schools has been assigned to the control group and 55 students from the other school has been included in the experimental group. In the experimental group, ten one-hour weekly sessions about knowledge, awareness, and practices of health-related behaviors have been implemented by a research group member through the tutorial action plan. 24-hour movement behaviors, Mediterranean diet, and self-rated health status has been measured before and after the school-based intervention using self-reported questionnaires. Experimental group children show a significant increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet and being physically active during the weekdays compared to their baseline values. Moreover, the greater baseline values in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as well as being physically active during weekend days in the control group, disappear between both groups after the intervention. Ten one-hour sessions of a school-based intervention conducted through the tutorial action plan seem effective in improving children's adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the proportion of active children, but not other health-related behaviors

Performance Evaluation of HL-LHC Crab Cavity Prototypes in a CERN Vertical Test Cryostat

Three proof-of-principle compact crab cavity designs have been fabricated in bulk niobium and cold tested at their home labs, as a first validation step towards the High Luminosity LHC project. As a cross check, all three bare cavities have been retested at CERN, in order to cross check their performance, and cross-calibrate the CERN SRF cold test facilities. While achievable transverse deflecting voltage is the key performance indicator, secondary performance aspects derived from multiple cavity monitoring systems are also discussed. Temperature mapping profiles, quench detection, material properties, and trapped magnetic flux effects have been assessed, and the influence on performance discussed. The significant effort invested in developing expertise in preparation and testing of these crab cavities has already been fruitful for all partners, and more is to come within this ongoing program

Avaliação e importância do nível de condicionamento físico no risco cardiovascular na adolescencia

Resumen: Introducción: Se define el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) como la probabilidad que tiene un individuo de sufrir una enfermedad cardiovascular, dentro de un determinado plazo de tiempo. Las muertes por las enfermedades cardiovasculares siguen siendo una de las mayores preocupaciones en los países industrializados y en vías de desarrollo (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2009). Los niveles de riesgo cardiovasculares en niños y adolescentes se han incrementado en los últimos años (Eisenmann, 2003). Objetivos: El propósito principal del presente estudio fue identificar las posibles diferencias entre el riesgo cardiovascular y el nivel de condición física de los adolescentes. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio correlacional-transversal cuantitativo. El total de participantes fue de 2034, pertenecientes al sexo masculino (n = 1116; 54%) y femenino (n = 918; 46%) de edades comprendidas entre 10 y 16 años (M = 13.08 ± 0.88). El riesgo cardiovascular se midió a través de los parámetros registrados del índice cintura/cadera. Para la evaluación de la condición física relacionada con la salud se empleó la versión extensa de la batería ALPHA-Fitness. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados confirmaron la una mejora de la condición física, así como una disminución del porcentaje de grasa corporal y el índice cintura/cadera, disminuyendo el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardiovasculares. El sexo femenino, ha demostrado ser un grupo poblacional con mayor riesgo de sufrir este tipo de enfermedades. Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, se concluyó importancia de mejorar el estado condición física de los adolescentes, influyendo positivamente en el riesgo cardiovascular.Abstract: Introduction: The cardiovascular risk (CVR) is defined as the probability that an individual has of suffering a cardiovascular disease, within a certain period of time. Deaths from cardiovascular diseases continue to be a major concern in industrialized and developing countries (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2009). Cardiovascular risk levels in children and adolescents have increased in recent years (Eisenmann, 2003). Aim: The main purpose of the present study was to identify possible differences between cardiovascular risk and the level of physical condition of adolescents. It is a quantitative cross-correlation study. Methods: A total of 2034 participants, belonging to the male sex (n = 1116, 54%) and female (n = 918, 46%) aged between 10 and 16 years (M = 13.08 ± 0.88) were available. Cardiovascular risk was measured through the recorded parameters of the waist / hip index. The extensive version of the ALPHA-Fitness battery was used to evaluate the physical condition related to health. Results & discussion: The results discussed above, confirm that a better physical condition contributes to a lower % GC and ICC contributes to improving the health status of adolescents, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, the female sex has been shown to be a population group with a higher risk of suffering from this type of disease. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that it is important to improve the physical condition of adolescents, positively influencing cardiovascular risk.Resumo: Introdução: O risco cardiovascular (CVR) é definido como a probabilidade de que tem uma doença cardiovascular individual do sofrimento, Dentro de um período de tempo Certain. Mortes por doenças cardiovasculares continuam a ser uma grande preocupação em países industrializados e em desenvolvimento (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2009). Os níveis de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes aumentaram nos últimos anos (Eisenmann, 2003). Objetivo: O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi identificar possíveis diferenças entre o risco cardiovascular e o nível de condição física de adolescentes. É um estudo quantitativo de correlação cruzada. Métodos: Um total de 2034 participantes do sexo masculino, Pertencendo ao (n = 1116, 54%) e do sexo feminino (n = 918, 46%) com idades entre os 10 e 16 anos (13,08 ± 0,88 H =) estavam disponíveis. O risco cardiovascular foi medido através dos parâmetros registrados do índice cintura / quadril. A versão extensa da bateria ALPHA-Fitness foi utilizada para avaliar as condições físicas relacionadas à saúde. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados discutidos acima, confirmam que contribui para uma melhor condição física para a% GC inferior e ICC contribui para melhorar o estado de saúde dos adolescentes, diminuindo o risco de doença cardiovascular. Assim, o sexo feminino tem se mostrado um grupo populacional com maior risco de sofrer desse tipo de doença. Conclusões: Portanto, concluiu-se que é importante melhorar a condição física dos adolescentes, influenciando positivamente no risco cardiovascular