Descripción de la terapia cognitivo-conductual para la ansiedad en pacientes con cáncer terminal

The aim of this study was to describe the major components and features of cognitive behavioral therapy when used to treat anxiety in patients with terminal cancer. Specifically, four components of cognitive behavioral therapy for terminal cancer patients are described: 1) principles of cognitive behavioral therapy 2) relaxation techniques 3) identification and restructuring negative thoughts 4) planning activities. Similarly, the average duration of cognitive behavioral therapy, number of sessions, application intervals and major problems reported when therapy is applied are described. Finally, recommendations for the implementation of therapy and for the development of future research in this field are described.El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los principales componentes y características de la terapia cognitivo conductual cuando se utiliza para tratar problemas de ansiedad en pacientes con cáncer terminal. A lo largo del escrito se describen los cuatro componentes que más se han utilizados en las investigaciones en este área: 1) principios de la terapia cognitivo conductual 2) técnicas de relajación 3) identificación y reestructuración de pensamientos negativos 4) planeación de actividades. De igual forma, se describe el promedio de duración de la terapia cognitivo conductual, número de sesiones, intervalos de aplicación y los principales problemas reportados cuando se aplica la terapia. Finalmente, se especifican recomendaciones para la aplicación de la terapia y para el desarrollo de líneas futuras de investigación en el área

Cytotoxic Activity of Microalgal-derived Oxylipins against Human Cancer Cell lines and their Impact on ATP Levels

Oxylipins are metabolites derived from lipid peroxidation. The plant oxylipin methyl jasmonate (MJ) shows cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines of various origins, with ATP-depletion being one of the mechanisms responsible for this effect. The cytotoxic activity of oxylipins (OXLs) isolated from the microalgae Chlamydomonas debaryana (13-HOTE) and Nannochloropsis gaditana (15-HEPE) was higher against UACC-62 (melanoma) than towards HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma) cells. OXLs lowered the ATP levels of HT-29 and UACC-62 cells, but the effect was higher on the second cell line, which had higher basal ATP. This result proves a link between the cytotoxicity and the capability of these compounds to deplete ATP. In addition, the combination of 13-HOTE with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced a synergistic toxicity against HT-29 cells. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of oxylipins derived from microalgae.España MINECO and FEDER (research project IPT-2011-1370- 060000

Descripción de la terapia cognitivo-conductual para la ansiedad en pacientes con cáncer terminal

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los principales componentes y características de la terapia cognitivo conductual cuando se utiliza para tratar problemas de ansiedad en pacientes con cáncer terminal. A lo largo del escrito se describen los cuatro componentes que más se han utilizados en las investigaciones en este área: 1) principios de la terapia cognitivo conductual 2) técnicas de relajación 3) identificación y reestructuración de pensamientos negativos 4) planeación de actividades. De igual forma, se describe el promedio de duración de la terapia cognitivo conductual, número de sesiones, intervalos de aplicación y los principales problemas reportados cuando se aplica la terapia. Finalmente, se especifican recomendaciones para la aplicación de la terapia y para el desarrollo de líneas futuras de investigación en el área

Bioactive compounds isolated from microalgae in chronic inflammation and cancer

The risk of onset of cancer is influenced by poorly controlled chronic inflammatory processes. Inflammatory diseases related to cancer development include inflammatory bowel disease, which can lead to colon cancer, or actinic keratosis, associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic inflammatory states expose these patients to a number of signals with tumorigenic effects, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins release and ROS production. In addition, the participation of inflammasomes, autophagy and sirtuins has been demonstrated in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Chemoprevention consists in the use of drugs, vitamins, or nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of developing or having a recurrence of cancer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cáncer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cancer chemopreventive properties of substances from marine environment, including microalgae species and their products (carotenoids, fatty acids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and proteins). This review summarizes the main mechanisms of actions of these compounds in the chemoprevention of these cancers. These actions include suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of antimetastatic and antiangiogenic responses and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity

Abnormal EEG signal energy in the elderly: a wavelet analysis of event-related potentials during a stroop task

Background: Previous work showed that elderly with excess in theta activity in their resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) are at higher risk of cognitive decline than those with a normal EEG. By using event-related potentials (ERP) during a counting Stroop task, our prior work showed that elderly with theta excess have a large P300 component compared with normal EEG group. This increased activity could be related to a higher EEG signal energy used during this task. New method: By wavelet analysis applied to ERP obtained during a counting Stroop task we quantified the energy in the different frequency bands of a group of elderly with altered EEG. Results: In theta and alpha bands, the total energy was higher in elderly subjects with theta excess, specifically in the stimulus categorization window (258–516 ms). Both groups solved the task with similar efficiency. Comparison with existing methods: The traditional ERP analysis in elderly compares voltage among conditions and groups for a given time window, while the frequency composition is not usually examined. We complemented our previous ERP analysis using a wavelet methodology. Furthermore, we showed the advantages of wavelet analysis over Short Time Fourier Transform when exploring EEG signal during this task. Conclusions: The higher EEG signal energy in ERP might reflect undergoing neurobiological mechanisms that allow the elderly with theta excess to cope with the cognitive task with similar behavioral results as the normal EEG group. This increased energy could promote a metabolic and cellular dysregulation causing a greater decline in cognitive function.Instituto de Física La Plat

Preventive effect of the microalga Chlamydomonas debaryana on the acute phase of experimental colitis in rats

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterised by chronic uncontrolled inflammation of intestinal mucosa. Diet and nutritional factors have emerged as possible interventions for IBD. Microalgae are rich sources of n-3 PUFA and derived oxylipins. Oxylipins are lipid mediators involved in the resolution of many inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the oxylipin-containing biomass of the microalga Chlamydomonas debaryana and its major oxylipin constituent, (9Z,11E,13S,15Z)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid ((13S)-HOTE), on acute 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Lyophilised microalgal biomass and (13S)-HOTE were administered by oral route 48, 24 and 1 h before the induction of colitis and 24 h later, and the rats were killed after 48 h. The treatment with the lyophilised microalga and (13S)-HOTE improved body-weight loss and colon shortening, as well as attenuated the extent of colonic damage and increased mucus production. Cellular neutrophil infiltration, with the subsequent increase in myeloperoxidase levels induced by TNBS, were also reduced after the administration of the lyophilised microalga or (13S)-HOTE. The anti-inflammatory effects of these treatments were confirmed by the inhibition of colonic TNF-α production. Moreover, lyophilised microalga or (13S)-HOTE down-regulated cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. The present study was the first to show the prophylactic effects of a lyophilised biomass sample of the microalga C. debaryana and the oxylipin (13S)-HOTE on TNBS-induced acute colitis in rats. Our findings suggest that the microalga C. debaryana or derived oxylipins could be used as nutraceuticals in the treatment of the active phase of IBD.España Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación, Gobierno de España (grant no. IPT-2011-1370-060000

La Dinámica familiar y las prácticas de crianza como elemento clave en la educación parental.

Gráficas, Encuestas, Tablas y Mapa geográficoLa familia es el eje central de la sociedad, una familia que construye de forma dinámica, comunidad y cultura, es por eso que el estudio de la familia y su dinámica familiar da luces sobre futuro que construimos diariamente. La familia es el primer ambiente social donde el niño se desarrolla durante sus primeros años de vida, es ahí donde debe encontrar una serie de experiencias socio-afectivas positivas que le permitan interiorizar pautas de comportamiento adecuadas, que le facilitan la adaptación a otros sistemas como el escolar y el social.Por tanto, podemos decir que, la familia no es un ente aislado e independiente, es un grupo que hace parte de la estructura social, da origen a las relaciones humanas entre padres, hijos y hermanos, es una entidad que nos forma en valores, derechos, obligaciones y normas. Es una unidad de contención de nos ayuda a enfrentar situaciones difíciles. Es una fuente de afectividad donde se crean lazos de amistad, amor y respeto, en ella se generan las primeras interacciones, base para el proceso de humanización y socialización. El presente trabajo busca indagar en una familia, su dinámica familiar, corroborando supuestos teóricos que nos muestran un modelo de familia, cimentado en valores, a través de un seguimiento en las pautas y prácticas de crianza, para generar a través de un proceso de investigación, una intervención que promueva a una transformación del sistema familiar.The family is the cornerstone of society, a family that builds dynamic, community and culture, so that the study of the family and family dynamics gives insights into future that we build every day. The family is the first social environment where the child develops during their first years of life, is where to find a series of positive socio-emotional experiences that enable you to learn appropriate behavior patterns that facilitate you adapting to other systems such as the school and the social. Therefore, we can say that the family is not an isolated and independent entity, it is a group that is part of the social structure, gives rise to human relationships among parents, children and siblings, is an entity which forms us in values, rights, obligations and rules. It is a unit of containment of helps us deal with difficult situations. It is a source of affection that you create bonds of friendship, love and respect, it generated the first interactions, basis for the process of humanization and socialization. This paper seeks to investigate in a family, your family dynamics, corroborating theoretical assumptions that show a model of the family, founded on values, through guidelines and breeding practices, track to generate through a process of research, an intervention that promotes a transformation of the family system

Mejora de la funcionalidad física y emocional tras un programa de intervención multicomponente en mujeres con cáncer de mama

El cáncer de mama es un tumor maligno y su impacto psicológico ha sido demostrado ampliamente. Tal afección hace evidente la necesidad de trabajar desde la multidisciplinariedad para mejorar la sintomatología afectiva y la limitación funcional de estas pacientes. En el presente trabajo se implementa una intervención psicológica en 69 mujeres con cáncer de mama siendo 19 españolas y 50 mexicanas que fueron divididas en grupo experimental (N=41) y control (N=28). El grupo experimental realizó un programa de 4 módulos: 1) manejo de estrés (incorporando ejercicios de consciencia corporal, yoga y mindfulness), 2) aceptación a la enfermedad, 3) regulación emocional, y 4) apoyo social. Los resultados revelaron una mejora de la calidad de vida y de la imagen corporal, disminución de la alexitimia y la sintomatología física y emocional. Estos datos confirman que el programa ofrece resultados beneficiosos para las mujeres con cáncer de mama incorporando el ejercicio físico junto con las técnicas psicológicasBreast cancer is a malignant tumor and the psychological impact is demonstrated empirically in the affected people. This condition makes evident the need to work multidisciplinary to help these patients. The present study implements a psychological intervention with 69 women with breast cancer. 19 women are Spanish and 50 women are Mexican. The participating sample was divided into experimental group (N=41) and control group (N=28). The experimental group did a 4 module program: 1) stress management (with body awareness exercises, yoga and mindfulness), 2) acceptance of cancer, 3) emotional regulation, and 4) social support. The results revealed an improvement in the quality of life and body image and a decrease in physical and emotional symptoms and alexithymia. Our study confirms that the intervention offers beneficial results for women with breast cancer incorporating physical exercise and psychological techniques

Exercise Ventilatory Inefficiency in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Insights from a Prospective Evaluation

The present study was partially granted by Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León under grant number GRS COVID 111/A/20 and a grant from the Spanish Society of Cardiology SEC/FEC-INVCLI 2.Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease characterized by a disproportionate inflammatory response in the acute phase. This study sought to identify clinical sequelae and their potential mechanism. Methods: We conducted a prospective single-center study (NCT04689490) of previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without dyspnea during mid-term follow-up. An outpatient group was also evaluated. They underwent serial testing with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), transthoracic echocardiogram, pulmonary lung test, six-minute walking test, serum biomarker analysis, and quality of life questionaries. Results: Patients with dyspnea (n = 41, 58.6%), compared with asymptomatic patients (n = 29, 41.4%), had a higher proportion of females (73.2 vs. 51.7%; p = 0.065) with comparable age and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. There were no significant differences in the transthoracic echocardiogram and pulmonary function test. Patients who complained of persistent dyspnea had a significant decline in predicted peak VO2 consumption (77.8 (64–92.5) vs. 99 (88–105); p 50% of COVID-19 survivors present a symptomatic functional impairment irrespective of age or prior hospitalization. Our findings suggest a potential ventilation/perfusion mismatch or hyperventilation syndrome.Fac. de MedicinaTRUEJunta de Castilla y León. Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y LeónSociedad Española de Cardiologíapu

Use of tocilizumab in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-1

Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with coronavirus infection is related to a cytokine storm with large interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. The IL-6-receptor blocker tocilizumab may control the aberrant host immune response in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . In this pandemic, kidney transplant (KT) recipients are a high-risk population for severe infection and showed poor outcomes. We present a multicenter cohort study of 80 KT patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab during hospital admission. High mortality rate was identified (32.5%), related with older age (hazard ratio [HR] 3.12 for those older than 60 years, P = .039). IL-6 and other inflammatory markers, including lactic acid dehydrogenase, ferritin, and D-dimer increased early after tocilizumab administration and their values were higher in nonsurvivors. Instead, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased after tocilizumab, and this decrease positively correlated with survival (mean 12.3 mg/L in survivors vs. 33 mg/L in nonsurvivors). Each mg/L of CRP soon after tocilizumab increased the risk of death by 1% (HR 1.01 [confidence interval 1.004-1.024], P = .003). Although patients who died presented with worse respiratory situation at admission, this was not significantly different at tocilizumab administration and did not have an impact on outcome in the multivariate analysis. Tocilizumab may be effective in controlling cytokine storm in COVID-19 but randomized trials are needed