Consciousness, Meaning and the Future Phenomenology

Phenomenological states are generally considered sources of intrinsic motivation for autonomous biological agents. In this paper we will address the issue of exploiting these states for robust goal-directed systems. We will provide an analysis of consciousness in terms of a precise definition of how an agent “understands” the informational flows entering the agent. This model of consciousness and understanding is based in the analysis and evaluation of phenomenological states along potential trajectories in the phase space of the agents. This implies that a possible strategy to follow in order to build autonomous but useful systems is to embed them with the particular, ad-hoc phenomenology that captures the requirements that define the system usefulness from a requirements-strict engineering viewpoint

APLICACIÓN DE UN INSTRUMENTO PARA EVALUAR EL NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTOS EN PACIENTES CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 SOBRE SU ENFERMEDAD, ANTES Y DESPUÉS DE UNA ORIENTACIÓN NUTRICIONAL EN EL H.G.Z No. 71 DEL IMSS EN EL PERIODO FEBRERO- AGOSTO 2014

La Diabetes es una enfermedad crónica que aparece cuando el páncreas no produce insulina suficiente o cuando el organismo no utiliza eficazmente la insulina que produce. La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) antes conocida como Diabetes no dependiente de insulina es la forma más común de este padecimiento. (1,5)La Diabetes es una enfermedad crónica que aparece cuando el páncreas no produce insulina suficiente o cuando el organismo no utiliza eficazmente la insulina que produce. La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) antes conocida como Diabetes no dependiente de insulina es la forma más común de este padecimiento. (1,5

Modeling the erythemal surface diffuse irradiance fraction for Badajoz, Spain

A pesar de su importante papel en la salud humana y en numerosos procesos biológicos, el componente difuso de la irradiación ultravioleta eritemática (UVER) apenas se mide en las estaciones radiométricas estándar y, por lo tanto, debe estimarse. Este estudio propone y compara 10 modelos empíricos para estimar la fracción difusa de UVER. Estos modelos están inspirados en expresiones matemáticas originalmente utilizadas para estimar la fracción difusa total, pero, en este estudio, se aplican al caso UVER y se comparan con mediciones experimentales. Además de adaptarse a la gama UVER de las diversas variables independientes involucradas en estos modelos, se agregó la columna de ozono total para tener en cuenta su fuerte impacto en la atenuación de la radiación ultravioleta. Los modelos propuestos se ajustan a mediciones experimentales y se validan contra un subconjunto independiente. El modelo de mejor desempeño (RAU3) se basa en un modelo propuesto por Ruiz-Arias et al. (2010) y muestra valores de r2 iguales a 0.91 y error relativo de la media cuadrática (rRMSE) igual a 6.1%. El rendimiento alcanzado por este modelo completamente empírico es mejor que el obtenido por los enfoques semi-empíricos anteriores y, por lo tanto, no necesita información adicional de otros modelos basados ​​físicamente. Este estudio expande la investigación previa a la gama ultravioleta y proporciona modelos empíricos confiables para estimar con precisión la fracción difusa UVER.Despite its important role on the human health and numerous biological processes, the diffuse component of the erythemal ultraviolet irradiance (UVER) is scarcely measured at standard radiometric stations and therefore needs to be estimated. This study proposes and compares 10 empirical models to estimate the UVER diffuse fraction. These models are inspired from mathematical expressions originally used to estimate total diffuse fraction, but, in this study, they are applied to the UVER case and tested against experimental measurements. In addition to adapting to the UVER range the various independent variables involved in these models, the total ozone column has been added in order to account for its strong impact on the attenuation of ultraviolet radiation. The proposed models are fitted to experimental measurements and validated against an independent subset. The best-performing model (RAU3) is based on a model proposed by Ruiz-Arias et al. (2010) and shows values of r2 equal to 0.91 and relative root-mean-square error (rRMSE) equal to 6.1%. The performance achieved by this entirely empirical model is better than those obtained by previous semi-empirical approaches and therefore needs no additional information from other physically based models. This study expands on previous research to the ultraviolet range and provides reliable empirical models to accurately estimate the UVER diffuse fraction.Trabajo financiado por: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Proyecto CGL2014-56255-C2-1-R (I+D+i) Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Ayuda a grupos GR15137 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Beca predoctoral FPI BES-2012-054975, para Guadalupe Sánchez HernándezpeerReviewe

SOWISP—A retrospective high spatial and temporal resolution database of the installed wind and solar PV power in Spain

The proposal of new energy systems based on renewable energies requires thorough research in order to derive technically reliable and economically sustainable systems. One of the key inputs of such research is constituted by reliable databases of renewable resources. Despite the great effort of the scientific community in recent years, most current databases are far from optimal. Although some databases are based on real data, they lack adequate spatial resolution and/or temporal coverage. Other databases are obtained by estimating renewable energy potential from meteorological reanalysis; however, these estimates are subject to high uncertainty. One of the main problems when building these renewable resource databases is the lack of actual values of installed capacity. In this study we present the SOlar and Wind Installed Spanish Power (SOWISP) database. SOWISP provides the actual installed capacity of wind and photovoltaic solar energy in each Spanish town, with a monthly resolution, and covering the period of 2015–2020. SOWISP has been developed and validated based on a careful and thorough compilation of different public databases. It covers the need for a publicly available database with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution suitable for the analysis of energy systems. Moreover, SOWISP, along with other freely available datasets, supports many modern applications. In addition, a Python package (available on GitHub) was developed for managing this databaseSpanish GovernmentJunta de Andalucia PID2019-107455RB-C21/AEI/92 10.13039/501100011033European CommissionUE-Junta de Andalucia PID2019-107455RB-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 TEP-220 PAIDI2020-DOC_0111

Desarrollo de habilidades blandas como estrategia para la colocación laboral de los universitarios.

Young college students need to adapt quickly to changes in work environments, and soft skills are one of the most essential changes in working life in the 19th century. The objective of this work is to carry out an intensive review in Spanish about the current knowledge about the mastery of soft skills in young university students and their importance in the job search. To collect the information, a review of the bibliography published in the last 5 years was carried out, available in academic search engines. As a result of the review, a significant demand for soft skills is perceived in the labor markets; Despite this, there is a considerable delay in the mastery of soft skills by young people with higher-level studies who seek to be employed. As a conclusion, the need for actions that take advantage of the great demand for soft skills as a starting point for the employment of young graduates is proposed, reducing the gap in the mastery of these high-value skills.Es necesario que los jóvenes universitarios se adapten con velocidad a los cambios que se presentan en los entornos laborales y las habilidades blandas son uno de los cambios más esenciales en la vida laboral del siglo XIX. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión intensiva en español acerca de los conocimientos actuales sobre el dominio de las habilidades blandas en los jóvenes universitarios y su importancia en la búsqueda de empleo.  Para la recolección de la información se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía publicada en los últimos 5 años, disponible en buscadores académicos. Como resultado de la revisión se percibe una demanda importante de habilidades blandas en los mercados laborales; a pesar de ello existe un aplazamiento considerable en el dominio de las habilidades blandas por los jóvenes con estudios de nivel superior que buscan empelarse. Como conclusión se plantea la necesidad de acciones que tomen a conveniencia la gran demanda de habilidades blandas como punto de partida para la vinculación al empelo de los jóvenes egresados acortando la brecha en el dominio de estas destrezas de alto valor

Improving the Estimation of the Diffuse Component of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)

Most weather forecasting models are not able to accurately reproduce the great variability existing in the measurements of the diffuse component of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm) under all sky conditions. Based on the well-known relationship between the diffuse fraction (k) and the clearness index (kt), this study addresses improvements in estimations by proposing adaptations of previous models, which were previously applied only to the total solar irradiance (TSI; 280–3,000 nm). In order to reproduce this variability, additional parameters were introduced. The models were tested employing a multisite database gathered at the Mediterranean basin. Since Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are not limited to fixed coefficients to predict the diffuse fraction of PAR (kPAR), these types of models are more accurate than empirical ones, reaching determination coefficients (r2) up to 0.998. However, the simpler linear model proposed by Foyo-Moreno et al. (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.12.012 shows a similar performance to the ANN models, directly predicting the diffuse component of PAR (PARDiffuse) from TSIDiffuse, with a r2 up to 0.997. Results obtained here also determine that the most important variables for estimating PARDiffuse are kt or kt,PAR, and the apparent solar time (AST). Therefore, PARDiffuse can be modeled using TSI measured in most radiometric stations, reaching r2 up to 0.858 for empirical models and 0.970 for ANN models. This modified approach will allow for the very accurate construction of long-term data series of PARDiffuse in regions where continuous measurements of PAR are not available.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects CGL2017-90884- REDT and PID2020-120015RB-I00)Andalusia Regional Government, University of Granada and FEDER funds (project B-RNM-524-UGR20)Open Access funding provided by University of Helsink

Correlation between TDR and FDR Soil Moisture Measurements at Different Scales to Establish Water Availability at the South of the Yucatan Peninsula

The advantages that offer new techniques such as remote sensing to estimate soil moisture require local accurate measurements of this variable since these values are key to validate the estimated ones. The chapter analyses the performance to measure soil moisture using different sensors that correspond to different scales at the field. Sensors used were based on reflectometry, time and frequency, which were calibrated with gravimetric measurements. Additionally to have accurate soil moisture values, the idea is to have an operational system in a very complex ecosystem in order to see its influence to maintain the aguadas (small natural lagoons) at the south of the Yucatan Peninsula. These aguadas represent an important source of water in the region because the area presents shortage associated not only with the climate variation but also with high influence due to the type of soils (karst). Results demonstrated that the sensors tested were accurate particularly in the rainy season with some differences in the dry period, and also, the sensitivity of each device was determinant. Results will cover different areas from point to small regions (<4 km), since soil moisture data obtained could be extrapolated to different scales based on the climate, vegetation and type of soil, to compute the real water availability for the communities in the zone

El legado científico del exilio español en México a través de Ciencia. Revista Hispano-americana de ciencias puras y aplicadas

A hemerographic review of the contribution of the Spanish exile in Mexico is done by analyzing the magazine “Ciencia. Revista Hispanoamericana de ciencias puras y aplicadas” (1940-1975), a publication founded by exiled Spanish scientists and published in Mexico. This magazine had the support of the government of Lázaro Cardenas, and was considered an indispensable scientific channel among the exiled scientists and researchers in all Hispano-America. The journal had also a pioneering role for other Mexican scientific publications.Este trabajo pretende efectuar una revisión hemerográfica del aporte de los exiliados españoles en México a través del conocimiento científico y de divulgación de “Ciencia. Revista Hispanoamericana de ciencias puras y aplicadas” (1940-1975), publicación fundada por científicos españoles exiliados que se editaba en México. Esta revista tuvo apoyo del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas, se le considera una fuente de información y de difusión científica indispensable entre los científicos o investigadores exiliados en toda Hispanoamérica. Sin olvidar que fue una gran impulsora para la creación y desarrollo de otras publicaciones científicas e instituciones presentes hoy en México