Impact of the foliar application of nanoparticles, sulfate and iron chelate on the growth, yield and nitrogen assimilation in green beans

Nano-fertilizers (Nfs) have the potential to revolutionize agricultural systems through nanostructures ranging from 1 to 100 nm that address environmental responses and a more targeted biological demand. The purpose of this work was to study the impact of the foliar application of nanoparticles (NPs), sulfate and iron chelate on the growth, yield and assimilation of nitrogen in green beans. The iron was applied foliar in three different ways: Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3), ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) and iron chelate (Fe-EDDHA) in doses of 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm. The treatments that produced a higher total biomass increase were NPs and Fe-EDDHA at 50 ppm, with increases of 37% and 47% respectively compared to the control (with no application of Fe). Regarding the in vivo nitrate reductase activity, significant differences were obtained, particularly in the NPs and Fe-EDDHA treatment, with increases of 71% and 72% respectively. NPs at low doses favored maximum fruit production with increases of 88% in comparison to the control. Finally, it is concluded that the optimal doses that enhanced total biomass, production and assimilation of nitrogen were Fe2(SO4)3 at 25 ppm, Fe-EDDHA at 100 ppm and Fe2O3 at 25 ppm. The efficiency of foliar absorption of iron was found in treatments with Fe2O3 at 50 and 100 ppm. The foliar absorption efficiency of NPs offers sustainable alternatives to increase the productivity of the green bean

Influence of vermicompost humic acid on chlorophyll content and acclimatization in banana clone, Enano Guantanamero

Vermicompost humic acids (VHA) promote plants’ growth because they have similar effects with auxins. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of VHA in some physiological indicators in the micropropagation and acclimatization phase of banana clone Enano Guantanamero. Six concentrations were used (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg L-1) to evaluate in vitro the number of leaves, total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a-b; also in the acclimatization phase, the plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves at three different times (transplant, 25 days and at the end of this phase- 50 days) were determined. Root length and roots dry weight were evaluated at the end of the acclimatization. VHA applied improved total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a-b at concentrations of 20 and 50 mg L-1, but not the number of leaves. In the acclimatization stage, plants height at the end of this period (50 days) were higher with 10 mg L-1 (T1) VHA, the number of leaves increased at 40 mg L-1 (T4) and the stem diameter was higher at both concentrations. In the evaluation of roots length, there were no significant differences, but the number of leaves was higher at 10 and 40 mg L-1 (T1 and T4) and it decreased at 50 mg L-1 (T5); roots dry weight increased at 40 mg L-1 (T4). VHA promoted chlorophyll content under in vitro conditions, it reduced the period of acclimatization of banana clone Enano Guantanamero, led to a better growth of plants, and it saved time and resources.Key words: Acclimatization, humic acid, in vitro crop, Musa sp

Las TIC’S, una herramienta para la competitividad educativa durante la pandemia por covid-19

The objective of this work is to analyze the different ICT tools in distance education teaching strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in basic education schools in the state of Colima, with the intention of identifying their impact on educational competitiveness by relating the variables dropout and school failure, the most important axes within the educational indicators of a country and therefore of a state. With this, a reflection on the Technological Humanist approach can be made, which is the basis for this work, with the idea of substantiating that ICTs are a tool that promotes educational competitiveness. In this research, the analytical-descriptive method was used where 374 cases of 34 state schools were studied, resulting in a statistic that was maintained from previous cycles to the current one, therefore it can be concluded that ICTs do have a favorable impact on the variables of school dropout and failure.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las distintas herramientas TICs en las estrategias docentes de educación a distancia durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en escuelas de educación básica del estado de Colima, con la intención de identificar su impacto en la competitividad educativa relacionando las variables de abandono y reprobación escolar, los ejes más importantes dentro los indicadores educativos de un país y por ende de un estado. Con esto, se puede hacer una reflexión sobre el enfoque Humanista Tecnológico el cuál es base para este trabajo, con la idea de fundamentar que las TIC son una herramienta que impulsa la competitividad educativa. En esta investigación se utilizó el método analítico – descriptivo en donde se estudiaron 374 casos de 34 escuelas estatales, dando como resultado una estadística que se mantuvo de ciclos anteriores al actual, por ende se puede concluir que las TICs si inciden de manera favorable en las variables de abandono y reprobación escolar

Influencia de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre las concentraciones de K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ y sus bioindicadores en raíces y hojas de plantas de judía

The pyruvate kinase (PK) and ATPase activities taking part in nitrogen (N) assimilation is essential for the growth and development of plants. Studies on the kinetics of these enzymes reveal that its activities are dependent of the cofactors K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to determine the effect of different doses of N on enzymatic activities of ATPase and PK as potentials biochemical indicators of the levels of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ in the roots and leaves of green bean plants. The N was applied to the nutrient solution as NH4NO3 at the following rates: 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0, and 24.0 mM of N. These results indicate that deficient conditions of N (N1 and N2) were characterized by the lowest accumulation of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in both total and soluble forms, and also minimum activities of PK and ATPase induced by K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, with respect to the activity of basal PK and ATPase; this could mean near optimum conditions for these cations. On the contrary, high-N treatments (N4, N5 and N6) were characterized by presenting decreasing concentrations of total and soluble K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in roots and leaves of green bean plants; however, the activities of PK and ATPase induced with K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were increased reaching their maximum activity with respect to basal PK and ATPase, both enzymes reflecting the level of cations in roots and leaves, hence being considered as good physiological bioindicators of these cations.Las actividades piruvato kinasa (PK) y ATPasa participan en la asimilación de nitrógeno (N), la cual es esencial para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. Estudios sobre cinéticas de estas enzimas revelan que sus actividades son dependientes de los cofactores K+, Ca2+ y Mg2+. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de diferentes dosis de N sobre las actividades de la ATPasa y PK como posibles bioindicadores de los niveles de K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ en raíces y hojas de plantas de judía (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike). Se aplicó N a la solución nutritiva como NH4NO3 en las siguientes dosis: N1=1,5 mM, N2=3,0 mM, N3=6,0 mM, N4=12,0 mM, N5=18,0 mM y N6=24,0 mM. Los resultados indican que bajo condiciones deficientes de N (N1 y N2), las plantas presentaron menor acumulación de K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ en su forma total y soluble, así como mínimas actividades PK y ATPasa inducidas por K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ respecto a la actividad PK y ATPasa basal; lo cual indica condiciones cercanas a las óptimas de estos cationes. Por el contrario, en los tratamientos elevados de N (N4, N5 y N6) las plantas presentaron concentraciones decrecientes de K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ total y soluble tanto en raíces como en hojas; sin embargo, las actividades PK y ATPasa inducidas con K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ se incrementaron alcanzando sus máximas actividades con respecto a la PK y ATPasa basal, lo que indica una mayor necesidad fisiológica de estos cationes en los tratamientos elevados de N. Finalmente, la actividad ATPasa basal y la inducida con K+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ se comportaron de forma similar a la actividad PK, lo que refleja el nivel de cationes en raíces y en hojas, por lo que se consideran buenos bioindicadores fisiológicos de estos cationes

Caracterización del estado nutricional foliar para níquel en nogal pecanero

Chihuahua es el principal productor de nuez en México con 58 mil 810 ha plantadas y una producción para el 2011 de 71 mil 689 T que representó el 80% del total nacional. El níquel elemento que pasó de ser toxico a esencial, es requerido por la planta para un buen desarrollo y producción. Se caracterizó el comportamiento nutricional foliar de níquel en nogal en los principales municipios productores. Se muestrearon 68 huertos y 399 árboles ‘Western Schley’, se generó el estándar de referencia mediante la metodología del Diagnóstico Diferencial Integrado (DDI). El estándar generado, coincidió con lo reportado. Aldama presentó un 60% suficiente y 40% deficiente; región Delicias 57% fue suficiente y 43% deficiente; Camargo se ubicó en rango suficiente con 86% y 14% bajo; Jiménez fue suficiente 78% y 18%% alto. Del universo muestreado 74% estuvo en rango suficiente, 16% bajo y un 10% alto

Fertilización con macronutrientes en manzano: producción y contenido foliar de micronutrientes

El manzano se cultiva en 23 estados de la república mexicana en una superficie de 61,292 ha con un potencial de producción de 630 mil 500 toneladas, las principales entidades de producción de manzana en orden de importancia: Chihuahua 73.3%, Durango 10.2%, Coahuila 5.9% y Puebla 4.4% (SAGARPA, 2011). Para conocer las necesidades de la planta y evitar la contaminación ambiental, el manejo de la fertilización requiere que la demanda de la planta sea entendida y que los métodos de aportación sean eficientes. El objetivo fue obtener la superficie de respuesta para macronutrientes sobre producción y contenido óptimo de micronutrientes. El estudio se realizó en arboles de manzano ‘Golden Delicious’/ MM111 plantados en 1990, se utilizó una estructura Taguchi L25, con cinco factores (N, P, K, Ca y Mg) y cuatro niveles por cada factor con 5 repeticiones, distribuidos en seis aplicaciones desde pre-brotación hasta pre cosecha. Se determinó contenido foliar de Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu y Ni, y producción. Se logró obtener una producción media estimada de 52 T ha-1 con 73N-49P-20K-138Ca-18Mg. Los macronutrientes que requieren incremento en su dosis para ubicar a los micronutrientes en el rango suficiente son N, K y Mg; mientras que se deben disminuir P y Ca. El orden en que se deben atender los micronutrientes son Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe y Ni, respectivamente. Ni fue el único micronutriente que mostró tendencias en su respuesta en función de los niveles de macronutrientes utilizados

A proposal of an English class model using all the components of a macro and micro lesson plans to enhance eighth grade students speaking and writing production of Complejo Educativo Colonia Rio Za

Learning a second language is so difficult for beginners because as in the mother tongue, students are required to develop the four macro-skills to interact among others. Therefore, it is necessary to create an appropriate classroom environment using the latest strategies, methodologies and techniques to help students boost their productiveness in the language, especially in writing and speaking production. Unfortunately, teachers do not leave their comfort zone; rather, they continue teaching in the traditional way, using the textbook, lecturing long hours of grammar with no interactive activities in the classroom. For that reason, the investigators carried out the thesis project “A Proposal of an English Class Model Using all the Components of a Macro and Micro Lesson Plans to Enhance Eighth Grade Students' Speaking and Writing Production of Complejo Educativo Colonia Río Zarco during the Year 2020"

Biofortification with magnesium nanofertilizer on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in green beans

The use of nanofertilizers has the potential to be used to enrich edible organs with nutrients (biofortification) and improve the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofortification with magnesium (Mg) nanofertilizer on the accumulation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in green bean cv. Strike compared to a conventional fertilizer (Mg sulfate). Two sources of Mg were applied via foliar: Nanofertilizer and Mg Sulfate at doses of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/L of Mg. The accumulation of total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity was evaluated in pods. The results obtained in this research confirm the effect of green bean pods biofortified with Mg nanofertilizers on the production and accumulation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, improving the nutrition and nutraceutical quality of green beans. The 50 mg/L dose of Mg nanofertilizer was the most effective treatment to increase bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity compared to high doses of Mg sulfate (300 mg/L). This is one of the first studies focused on biofortification with Mg nanofertilizers and their effect on the nutraceutical quality of green beans

Seguridad alimentaria: la continua lucha contra las enfermedades de los cultivos

El instinto del ser humano es la búsqueda de alimentos y la conservación de los mismos a través del almacenamiento de frutos, granos y semillas para garantizar su alimentación en periodos de escasez. En este documento se abordan temas relacionados con los riesgos que tiene la producción de alimentos en campo por causa de fitopatógenos, algunos ejemplos históricos, estudios de diagnóstico y una propuesta a favor de la soberanía alimentaria. Las epifitias han mermado la producción en México y en el mundo provocando grandes catástrofes. Las hambrunas de Irlanda y Bengala son los hechos más devastadores para la humanidad, debido a que provocaron la muerte de más de tres millones de personas. Enfermedades causadas por patógenos emergentes se están presentando en la actualidad, amenazando la producción de alimentos y los rendimientos por unidad de superficie. Para combatirlos, es necesario un diagnóstico preciso mediante el uso de técnicas moleculares, la medición de la magnitud del daño, entre otras variables epidemiológicas, aunada a la aplicación de medidas fitosanitarias adecuadas. Con el propósito de asegurar el abasto de alimento para todos los mexicanos, en este trabajo se propone que instancias gubernamentales e instituciones de investigación realicen esfuerzos conjuntos, dirigidos al diseño de políticas fitosanitarias y a la investigación sobre patógenos de importancia económica. Este tipo de patógenos representan la mayor amenaza para nuestros cultivos, aunado al riesgo de su introducción debido a las importaciones. Además se propone implementar programas de gobierno permanentes para financiar la investigación sobre patógenos reglamentados

MEGARA, the new intermediate-resolution optical IFU and MOS for GTC: getting ready for the telescope

MEGARA (Multi-Espectrógrafo en GTC de Alta Resolución para Astronomía) is an optical Integral-Field Unit (IFU) and Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) designed for the GTC 10.4m telescope in La Palma that is being built by a Consortium led by UCM (Spain) that also includes INAOE (Mexico), IAA-CSIC (Spain), and UPM (Spain). The instrument is currently finishing AIV and will be sent to GTC on November 2016 for its on-sky commissioning on April 2017. The MEGARA IFU fiber bundle (LCB) covers 12.5x11.3 arcsec2 with a spaxel size of 0.62 arcsec while the MEGARA MOS mode allows observing up to 92 objects in a region of 3.5x3.5 arcmin2 around the IFU. The IFU and MOS modes of MEGARA will provide identical intermediate-to-high spectral resolutions (RFWHM~6,000, 12,000 and 18,700, respectively for the low-, mid- and high-resolution Volume Phase Holographic gratings) in the range 3700-9800ÅÅ. An x-y mechanism placed at the pseudo-slit position allows (1) exchanging between the two observing modes and (2) focusing the spectrograph for each VPH setup. The spectrograph is a collimator-camera system that has a total of 11 VPHs simultaneously available (out of the 18 VPHs designed and being built) that are placed in the pupil by means of a wheel and an insertion mechanism. The custom-made cryostat hosts a 4kx4k 15-μm CCD. The unique characteristics of MEGARA in terms of throughput and versatility and the unsurpassed collecting are of GTC make of this instrument the most efficient tool to date to analyze astrophysical objects at intermediate spectral resolutions. In these proceedings we present a summary of the instrument characteristics and the results from the AIV phase. All subsystems have been successfully integrated and the system-level AIV phase is progressing as expected