Detection of freeze injury in oranges using magnetic resonance imaging under motion conditions

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is applied for on-line inspection of fruits. The aim of this work is to address the applicability of MRI for freeze injury detection in oranges directly on a distribution chain. Undamaged and damaged oranges are conveyed at 50 and 100 mm/s by a specially designed conveyor within a 4.7 T spectrometer obtaining fast low-angle shot images. An automatic segmentation algorithm is proposed that allows the discrimination between undamaged and damaged orange

RESUMEN PAPPS Infancia y Adolescencia 2020

En este documento de actualización presentamos cuatro temas trascendentes para la infancia y la adolescencia en nuestra actividad de atención primaria: el apoyo a la lactancia materna, la promoción de la actividad física, la prevención de lesiones infantiles por accidente de tráfico y el cribado de depresión mayor. Four important topics about children and adolescents in our Primary Care activity are presented in this update document: support for breastfeeding, promotion of physical activity, prevention of child injuries due to traffic accidents, and screening for major depressio

Influence of the length of hospitalisation in post-discharge outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: Results of the LOHRCA study

Objective: To investigate the relationship between length of hospitalisation (LOH) and post-discharge outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF) patients and to ascertain whether there are different patterns according to department of initial hospitalisation. Methods: Consecutive AHF patients hospitalised in 41 Spanish centres were grouped based on the LOH (15 days). Outcomes were defined as 90-day post-discharge all-cause mortality, AHF readmissions, and the combination of both. Hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted by chronic conditions and severity of decompensation, were calculated for groups with LOH >6 days vs. LOH <6 days (reference), and stratified by hospitalisation in cardiology, internal medicine, geriatrics, or short-stay units. Results: We included 8563 patients (mean age: 80 (SD = 10) years, 55.5% women), with a median LOH of 7 days (IQR 4–11): 2934 (34.3%) had a LOH 15 days. The 90-day post-discharge mortality was 11.4%, readmission 32.2%, and combined endpoint 37.4%. Mortality was increased by 36.5% (95%CI = 13.0–64.9) when LOH was 11–15 days, and by 72.0% (95%CI = 42.6–107.5) when >15 days. Conversely, no differences were found in readmission risk, and the combined endpoint only increased 21.6% (95%CI = 8.4–36.4) for LOH >15 days. Stratified analysis by hospitalisation departments rendered similar post-discharge outcomes, with all exhibiting increased mortality for LOH >15 days and no significant increments in readmission risk. Conclusions: Short hospitalisations are not associated with worse outcomes. While post-discharge readmissions are not affected by LOH, mortality risk increases as the LOH lengthens. These findings were similar across hospitalisation departments

Effects on short term outcome of non-invasive ventilation use in the emergency department to treat patients with acute heart failure: A propensity score-based analysis of the EAHFE Registry

Objective: To assess the effects of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in emergency department (ED) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) on short term outcomes. Methods: Patients from the EAHFE Registry (a multicenter, observational, multipurpose, cohort-designed database including consecutive AHF patients in 41 Spanish EDs) were grouped based on NIV treatment (NIV+ and NIV–groups). Using propensity score (PS) methodology, we identified two subgroups of patients matched by 38 covariates and compared regarding 30-day survival (primary outcome). Interaction was investigated for age, sex, ischemic cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AHF precipitated by an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), AHF classified as hypertensive or acute pulmonary edema (APE), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission; mechanical ventilation; in-hospital, 3-day and 7-day mortality; and prolonged hospitalization (>7 days). Results: Of 11, 152 patients from the EAHFE (age (SD): 80 (10) years; 55.5% women), 718 (6.4%) were NIV+ and had a higher 30-day mortality (HR = 2.229; 95%CI = 1.861–2.670) (p 85 years, p < 0.001), AHF associated with ACS (p = 0.045), and SBP < 100 mmHg (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints except for more prolonged hospitalizations in NIV+ patients (OR = 1.445; 95%CI = 1.122–1.862) (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The use of NIV to treat AHF in ED is not associated with improved mortality outcomes and should be cautious in old patients and those with ACS and hypotension

Manual de trabajo del Grupo PrevInfad [Group Prevlnfad workbook]

Desde su creación, el Grupo PrevInfad ha trabajado con los objetivos de formular y mantener actualizadas las recomendaciones sobre actividades preventivas a realizar en la población infantil y adolescente española y mejorar la práctica clínica y promover la salud pública en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria. Las recomendaciones de PrevInfad van dirigidas principalmente a los pediatras de Atención Primaria, personal de enfermería y otros profesionales de la salud. En este trabajo presentamos una versión resumida del manual de trabajo del Grupo PrevInfad, que se ha actualizado recientemente. Para mayor detalle recomendamos a las personas interesadas consultar la versión íntegra, que se encuentra en la página web del grupo. Los métodos descritos están destinados a garantizar que las recomendaciones de PrevInfad sean metodológicamente sólidas, científicamente defendibles, reproducibles y bien documentadas. The working group PrevInfad has faced since its beginning the objectives of formulating and updating recommendations on preventive activities for Spanish children and adolescents, improving clinical practice and promoting public health in Primary Care. Previnfad recommendations address mainly to Primary Care paediatricians, nurses and other health professionals. In this paper, we present a resumed version of PrevInfad procedure manual, recently updated. We recommend to consult the complete version available in PrevInfad web site. The described methods are intended to ensure that the recommendations of PrevInfad are methodo-logically solid, scientifically defendable, reproducible and well documented. The working group Prevlnfad has faced since its beginning the objectives of formulating and updating recommendations on preventive activities for Spanish children and adolescents, improving clinical practice and promoting public health in Primary Care. Previnfad recommendations address mainly to Primary Care paediatricians, nurses and other health professionals. In this paper, we present a resumed version of Prevlnfad procedure manual, recently updated. We recommend to consult the complete version available in Prevlnfad web site. The described methods are intended to ensure that the recommendations of Prevlnfad are methodologically solid, scientifically defendable, reproducible and well documented

El programa de salud infantil,¿qué, quién, cuántas veces?

The well child program (WCP) is the frame for the preventive activities to be carried out in children. There is controversy onsome aspects of the WCP, in its contents as well as in its implementation. There are only a few preventive activities (some ofthem of intervention, other of screening and other of brief counseling) that have good or sufficient evidence to be performedin the general population, and other are effective only if implemented in population at risk.According to population’s features, professionals’ work overload, skills and preferences, the pediatric team should decide thevisits to be implemented by the nurse or by the pediatrician, or both.Concerning to the number of visits, the group PrevInfad proposes a total of 10 visits in children 0 to 14 years old, one antenatalvisit and one in adolescents 16 to 18 years old. The objective is to get the best efficiency by reducing the number of visits to theleast necessary to assure that the most effective activities are implemented, and coinciding with the immunization schedule. TheWCP contents and organization should be a flexible process that adapts to research updates and to social changes and needs.El programa de salud infantil (PSI) es el marco que encuadra las actividades preventivas a realizar en los niños. Existecontroversia sobre algunos aspectos del PSI, tanto en su contenido como en su implementación. De todas lasactividades preventivas (algunas de tipo intervención, otras de cribado y otras de consejo breve en la consulta), solohay unas cuantas en las que podemos decir que hay buena o suficiente evidencia sobre su aplicación a la poblacióngeneral y otras sí que son efectivas pero aplicadas solo a población de riesgo.De acuerdo con las características de población, sobrecarga asistencial, competencias y preferencias de losprofesionales, es cada equipo pediátrico el que debe distribuir qué visitas debe realizar cada uno y si conviene o noque alguna de ellas sea conjunta.Respecto al número de visitas el grupo PrevInfad, propone un total de 10 visitas entre los 0 y los 14 años, más unaprenatal y otra entre los 16 y los 18 años. El objetivo es conseguir la máxima eficiencia, reduciendo las visitas a lasmínimas necesarias para asegurar la realización de las actividades que han demostrado ser eficaces y que se hagancoincidir con los momentos en los que hace falta aplicar el calendario vacunal. El contenido y la organización del PSI debe ser un proceso flexible que le permita en cada momento adaptarse a los nuevos resultados en investigación ya los cambios y necesidades sociales

Prevención de lesiones infantiles por accidente de tráfico

La prevención de los accidentes de tráfico es un tema de gran trascendencia social y un asunto de primera magnitud en salud pública. El grupo PrevInfad presenta en este documento la actualización de sus recomendaciones para la prevención de las lesiones por accidente de tráfico en niños y adolescentes, publicando en este caso un documento totalmente nuevo, que puede ser consultado en su versión íntegra en la página web del grupo (previnfad.aepap.org). La metodología incluye el diseño de un marco analítico, la formulación de preguntas estructuradas, la búsqueda y el análisis de la bibliografía. Dentro del apartado de accidentes de tráfico se van a considerar los ocasionados en vehículos a motor con el niño como pasajero o con el adolescente como conductor de ciclomotores u otros vehículos, los sufridos por peatones y las lesiones por caídas de bicicleta o por colisión de estas con vehículos a motor. También se incluye a los niños que se inician en la competición de ciclomotor. Es evidente que gran parte de las acciones preventivas corresponden a otros estamentos, si bien el pediatra tiene el deber de actuar como consejero y como grupo científico. Traffic accident prevention is an issue of social relevance and a very important public health matter. The working group PrevInfad presents in this document the update of its recommendations for traffic injury prevention in children and adolescents. The published document is brand new and can be consulted in full on the group’s website (previnfad.aepap.org). The methodology includes the design of an analytic framework, the formulation of structured questions, the search of the evidence and the analysis of the bibliography. Traffic accidents are considered those caused in motor vehicles with the child as a passenger or with the adolescent as a driver of motorcycles or other vehicles, the accidents suffered by pedestrians and the injuries by falls from bicycles or from collision of bicycles with motor vehicles. The document also includes children that initiate into motorcycle competition. Many of the preventive actions concern to other levels, nevertheless the pediatricians must act as advisers and as scientific group

Tiempo de estancia prolongado en los pacientes ingresados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al tiempo de estancia hospitalaria prolongado en pacientes ingresados/as por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda. Método: Estudio observacional de cohorte multipropósito que incluyó pacientes del registro EAHFE (Epidemiology Acute Heart Failure in Emergency) ingresados/as por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda en 25 hospitales españoles. Se recogieron variables demográficas y clínicas, el día y el lugar del ingreso. La variable resultado principal fue el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria mayor que la mediana. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2400 pacientes con una edad media de 79, 5 (±9, 9) años, de los cuales 1334 (55, 6%) eran mujeres. Quinientos noventa (24, 6%) ingresaron en la unidad de corta estancia (UCE), 606 (25, 2%) en cardiología y 1204 (50, 2%) en medicina interna o geriatría. La mediana del tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 7, 0 (intervalo intercuartílico: 4-11 días). Cincuenta y ocho (2, 4%) pacientes fallecieron y 562 (23, 9%) sufrieron un reingreso a los 30 días tras el alta. Los factores independientes asociados a un tiempo de estancia hospitalaria prolongado fueron la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, ser portador de un dispositivo, tener un factor precipitante desconocido o no común, la presencia en urgencias de insuficiencia renal, hiponatremia y anemia, no ingresar en una UCE o no disponer de dicha unidad e ingresar un lunes, martes o miércoles; y los asociados a un tiempo de estancia hospitalaria =7 días fueron la hipertensión arterial y tener como factor precipitante una crisis hipertensiva o la falta de adherencia al tratamiento. El área bajo la curva del modelo mixto ajustado al centro fue de 0, 78 (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0, 76-0, 80; p <0, 001).Conclusiones: Hay una serie de factores asociados con un tiempo de estancia hospitalaria prolongado que deben ser considerados para la gestión del proceso de la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda. Objective: To identify the factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay in patients admitted for acute heart failure. Methods: Multipurpose observational cohort study including patients from the EAHFE registry admitted for acute heart failure in 25 Spanish hospitals. Data were collected on demographic and clinical variables and on the day and place of admission. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay longer than the median. Results: We included 2, 400 patients with a mean age of 79.5 (9.9) years; of these, 1, 334 (55.6%) were women. Five hundred and ninety (24.6%) were admitted to the short stay unit (SSU), 606 (25.2%) to cardiology, and 1, 204 (50.2%) to internal medicine or gerontology. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.0 (RIC 4-11) days. Fifty-eight (2.4%) patients died and 562 (23.9%) were readmitted within 30 days after discharge. The factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay were chronic pulmonary disease; being a device carrier; having an unknown or uncommon triggering factor; the presence of renal insufficiency, hyponatremia and anaemia in the emergency department; not being admitted to an SSU or the lack of this facility in the hospital; and being admitted on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday. The factors associated with length of hospital stay=7days were hypertension, having a hypertensive episode, or a lack of treatment adherence. The area under the curve of the mixed model adjusted to the center was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.76-0.80; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A series of factors is associated with prolonged length of hospital stay and should be taken into account in the management of acute heart failure