958 research outputs found
Semianalytical calculation of the zonal-flow oscillation frequency in stellarators
Due to their capability to reduce turbulent transport in magnetized plasmas,
understanding the dynamics of zonal flows is an important problem in the fusion
programme. Since the pioneering work by Rosenbluth and Hinton in axisymmetric
tokamaks, it is known that studying the linear and collisionless relaxation of
zonal flow perturbations gives valuable information and physical insight.
Recently, the problem has been investigated in stellarators and it has been
found that in these devices the relaxation process exhibits a characteristic
feature: a damped oscillation. The frequency of this oscillation might be a
relevant parameter in the regulation of turbulent transport, and therefore its
efficient and accurate calculation is important. Although an analytical
expression can be derived for the frequency, its numerical evaluation is not
simple and has not been exploited systematically so far. Here, a numerical
method for its evaluation is considered, and the results are compared with
those obtained by calculating the frequency from gyrokinetic simulations. This
"semianalytical" approach for the determination of the zonal-flow frequency
reveals accurate and faster than the one based on gyrokinetic simulations.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figure
AuditorÃas en seguridad clÃnica para centros de atención primaria. Estudio piloto
Objetivo: Detectar procesos organizativos, infracciones de normas o actuaciones profesionales que supongan niveles de inseguridad clÃnica. Diseno: ¿ Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuesta personalizada heteroadministrada de junio de 2008 hasta febrero de 2010. Emplazamiento: Trece de los 53 equipos de atención primaria (EAP) del ICS Costa de Ponent, Barcelona. Participantes: Trabajadores de 13 EAP agrupados en: director/a, adjunto/a, responsable del servicio de admisiones y médico/a centinela. Métodos: Selección no aleatoria, aparejando centros docentes/no docentes, urbanos/rurales, pequenos/grandes. ¿ Se evaluaron 33 indicadores: 15 de procedimientos, 9 de cultura y actitud, 3 de formación y 6 de comunicación. Criterios de exclusión: no colaboración. Resultados: CaracterÃsticas de los 55 profesionales encuestados: 84,6% de centros urbanos, 46,2% docentes y 76,9% EAP grandes. Distribución por estamentos: 13 responsables de atención al usuario, 13 adjuntos de enfermerÃa, 13 directores y 16 médicos centinelas. Nivel de inseguridad: < 50% respuestas afirmativas por indicador. Los EAP estudiados presentaron niveles de inseguridad en: recepción de nuevos profesionales médicos, administración de inyectables, sistema de recogida de domicilios por enfermerÃa en fines de semana, interconsultas urgentes a especialistas, pacientes agresivos, presencia de incidentes crÃticos sobre las agendas de los médicos y barreras de comunicación en planes terapéuticos y con inmigrantes
Propiedades mecánicas y acústicas de hormigones con áridos reciclados y neumáticos fuera de uso
Industrial progress used to be linked to the produce of large waste volumes. These industrial by-products are deposited in landfills despite these ones could be used to manufacture others. In fact, the construction industry could incorporate these materials to contributing to greater environmental balance.
This paper studies the manufactured of concrete using as aggregates two kind of different wastes: construction and demolition wastes as well as recycled tires rubber (NFU). Natural fine fraction is replaced by a 10% by volume of industrial products analyzed. The mechanical behaviour and the acoustic properties of concrete made with recycled aggregates are studied. Results show a reduction in mechanical properties by using recycled aggregates and NFU. Nevertheless, it is observed that concrete made with fine recycled aggregate fraction of NFU could be employed with all the guarantees to produce concrete for non-structural applications.El progreso industrial lleva asociado la generación de grandes volúmenes de residuos que, en la mayorÃa de los casos, acaban en los vertederos, desperdiciando su potencial como materias primas para otros sectores industriales, como es el sector de la construcción, por lo que debe considerarse su reutilización en nuevas aplicaciones e incorporación como subproducto en el campo de los materiales de construcción, dando lugar a materiales más ecoeficientes y respetuosos con el medioambiente.
Este trabajo estudia el empleo de áridos reciclados procedentes de residuos de construcción y demolición, y caucho procedente de neumáticos fuera de uso (NFU) en la fabricación de hormigones. La fracción fina natural ha sido sustituida por un 10% en volumen de los subproductos industriales analizados. El comportamiento fÃsico, mecánico y las propiedades acústicas de los hormigones ha sido comparado con los hormigones de referencia. En los resultados se observa una reducción de las resistencias mecánicas y del modulo de elasticidad por el empleo de áridos reciclados
y NFU. Se muestra que los hormigones fabricados con la fracción fina de áridos reciclados y NFU podrÃan ser empleados con todas las garantÃas en hormigones para aplicaciones no estructurales
Turbulent transport of impurities in 3D devices
A large diffusive turbulent contribution to the radial impurity transport in
Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) plasmas has been experimentally inferred during the
first campaigns and numerically confirmed by means of gyrokinetic simulations
with the code stella. In general, the absence of strong impurity accumulation
during the initial W7-X campaigns is attributed to this diffusive term. In the
present work the diffusive contribution is also calculated in other stellarator
plasmas. In particular, the diffusion (D) and convection (V) coefficients of
carbon and iron impurities produced by ion-temperature-gradient (ITG)
turbulence are obtained for W7-X, LHD, TJ-II and NCSX. The results show that,
although the size of D and V can differ across the four devices, inward
convection is found for all of them. For W7-X, TJ-II and NCSX the two
coefficients are comparable and the turbulent peaking factor is surprisingly
similar. In LHD, appreciably weaker diffusive and convective impurity transport
and significantly larger turbulent peaking factor are predicted. All this
suggests that ITG turbulence, although not strongly, would lead to negative
impurity density gradients in stellarators. Then, considering mixed ITG/Trapped
Electron Mode (TEM) turbulence for the specific case of W7-X, it has been
quantitatively assessed to what degree pellet fueled reduced turbulence
scenarios feature reduced turbulent transport of impurities as well. The
results for trace iron impurities show that, although their turbulent transport
is not entirely suppressed, a significant reduction of V and a stronger
decrease of D are found. Although the diffusion is still above neoclassical
levels, the neoclassical convection would gain under such conditions a greater
specific weight on the dynamics of impurities in comparison with standard ECRH
scenarios.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure
Turbulent impurity transport simulations in Wendelstein 7-X plasmas
A study of turbulent impurity transport by means of quasilinear and nonlinear
gyrokinetic simulations is presented for Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). The
calculations have been carried out with the recently developed gyrokinetic code
stella. Different impurity species are considered in the presence of various
types of background instabilities: ITG, TEM and ETG modes for the quasilinear
part of the work; ITG and TEM for the nonlinear results. While the quasilinear
approach allows one to draw qualitative conclusions about the sign or relative
importance of the various contributions to the flux, the nonlinear simulations
quantitatively determine the size of the turbulent flux and check the extent to
which the quasilinear conclusions hold. Although the bulk of the nonlinear
simulations are performed at trace impurity concentration, nonlinear
simulations are also carried out at realistic effective charge values, in order
to know to what degree the conclusions based on the simulations performed for
trace impurities can be extrapolated to realistic impurity concentrations. The
presented results conclude that the turbulent radial impurity transport in W7-X
is mainly dominated by ordinary diffusion, which is close to that measured
during the recent W7-X experimental campaigns. It is also confirmed that
thermo-diffusion adds a weak inward flux contribution and that, in the absence
of impurity temperature and density gradients, ITG- and TEM-driven turbulence
push the impurities inwards and outwards, respectively.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
Gyrokinetic simulations in stellarators using different computational domains
In this work, we compare gyrokinetic simulations in stellarators using
different computational domains, namely, flux tube, full-flux-surface, and
radially global domains. Two problems are studied: the linear relaxation of
zonal flows and the linear stability of ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes.
Simulations are carried out with the codes EUTERPE, GENE, GENE-3D, and stella
in magnetic configurations of LHD and W7-X using adiabatic electrons. The zonal
flow relaxation properties obtained in different flux tubes are found to differ
with each other and with the radially global result, except for sufficiently
long flux tubes, in general. The flux tube length required for convergence is
configuration-dependent. Similarly, for ITG instabilities, different flux tubes
provide different results, but the discrepancy between them diminishes with
increasing flux tube length. Full-flux-surface and flux tube simulations show
good agreement in the calculation of the growth rate and frequency of the most
unstable modes in LHD, while for W7-X differences in the growth rates are found
between the flux tube and the full-flux-surface domains. Radially global
simulations provide results close to the full-flux-surface ones. The radial
scale of unstable ITG modes is studied in global and flux tube simulations
finding that in W7-X, the radial scale of the most unstable modes depends on
the binormal wavenumber, while in LHD no clear dependency is found.Comment: submitted to Nuclear Fusio
Elaboració d’un pla de tutories per a la FIB
La majoria d'estudiants que accedeixen a la universitat, i en concret a la FIB, no
són conscients del que comporta cursar una carrera università ria. Els estudis
universitaris requereixen molta dedicació. Sovint els estudiants tenen
mancances de coneixements, però també hà bits i actituds no adequats. En
aquest sentit és interessant la figura del tutor, especialment en l’inici dels
estudis, per tal de guiar i orientar els estudiants i estudiantes amb l’objectiu
principal de facilitar la seva adaptació al mon universitari i millorar el seu
rendiment acadèmic.
Actualment les tutories són voluntà ries a la FIB i hi ha pocs estudiants que
demanin un tutor i pocs professors que s'impliquin en aquesta tasca. Per una
banda, molts estudiants no veuen la necessitat de tenir un tutor. Per altra
banda, hi ha professors que no disposen ni del material ni de la formació que
seria desitjable per a fer aquesta tasca i d’altres que no creuen en la seva
utilitat.
L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és l’elaboració d’un Pla de Tutories per a la FIB
amb les directrius i material necessari per a desenvolupar aquesta tasca.
D’aquesta manera esperem captar més tutors i tutores i incidir en una millora
del rendiment acadèmic.Peer Reviewe
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