REPRESENTACIONES FEMENINAS EN EL LIBRO DE BUEN AMOR Y EN LA LITERATURA MEDIEVAL. UNA INTERPRETACIÓN SOCIOLÓGICA

Este trabajo versa sobre las representaciones femeninas en una época premoderna. Dichas imágenes de las mujeres han sido observadas a través de los textos literarios medievales. En concreto se ha escogido El Libro del Buen Amor de Juan Ruiz Arcipreste de Hita, como fuente relevante de análisis para conocer las visiones de las mujeres de aquella época. Además, se tratan de comparar éstas con otras representaciones literarias femeninas surgidas en el contexto de la península ibérica y de otras sociedades próximas. Se ha considerado que la interpretación sociológica del discurso literario puede ser un instrumento válido de conocimiento social de las atribuciones y de los roles femeninos en el pasado. Este imaginario colectivo sobre las identidades femeninas al formar parte del sustrato cultural repercute en la configuración del pensamiento occidental y puede influir en los modos de valorar socialmente a las mujeres hoy.This research studies the women representation in a pre-Modern Age. These women images have been observed through medieval literature texts. Especially, it has been selected The Book of Good Love, by Juan Ruiz Archispreste de Hita, as a relevant analysing source to know the vision of the women. Moreover, it tries to compare them with other female literary representations which emerged in the Iberian Peninsula and in other nearthy societes. It has been considered that the sociological interpretation of the literary speech can be an adequate instrument of social knowledge of the female roles and atributions in the past. This colective imaginary about the female identities that is part of the culture, influences in the Western thinking configuration and determines the way of valuing women socially.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Marketing y Sociología. Leída el 26 de junio de 2019

Visions and history of the term 'Sustainable Development'

En este trabajo se pretende indagar en el significado del concepto de ‘Desarrollo Sostenible’ que cada día está más presente en las agendas internacionales, en la gestión de las políticas europeas, en los planes de fomento de la agricultura, de la industria, en la creación de nuevos productos, etc. La finalidad es ofrecer una visión de esta terminología más global y holística, sin descartar las críticas, teniendo en cuenta tanto sus diferentes acepciones como su evolución en las últimas décadas. Avanzando en las conclusiones se tratará de advertir que un uso erróneo o utilización sesgada puede afectar a la comprensión del mismo por diferentes sectores sociales y, por ende, a llevar a cabo acciones menos coherentes y más parceladas en torno a la sostenibilidad. De ahí que el conocimiento de una expresión tan clave como esta -junto con la educación y la sensibilización en sostenibilidad- sea decisiva para encauzar adecuadamente los cambios y procesos socioeconómicos que fraguan el futuro.The aim of this paper is to investigate the meaning of the concept of 'Sustainable Development', which is increasingly present in international agendas, in the management of European policies, in plans to promote agriculture, industry, in the creation of new products, etc. The aim is to offer a more global and holistic vision of this terminology, without discarding criticism, taking into account both its different meanings and its evolution in recent decades. Moving on to the conclusions, the aim is to point out that erroneous or biased use can affect the understanding of the term by different social sectors and, therefore, lead to less coherent and more fragmented actions in relation to sustainability. Hence, knowledge of such a key expression as this -together with education and awareness-raising in sustainability -is decisive in order to adequately channel the socio-economic changes and processes that are forging the future

Follow-up of late-onset Pompe disease patients with muscle magnetic resonance imaging reveals increase in fat replacement in skeletal muscles

Altres ajuts: This investigation was sponsored by the following grants, one from Sanofi Genzyme and another from the Spanish Ministry of Health, Fondos FEDER-ISCIII. Isabel Illa has received speaker honorarium from Grifols and Sanofi-Genzyme. Jordi Díaz-Manera has received speaker honorarium from PTC Therapeutics and Sanofi-Genzyme. The authors of this manuscript certify that they comply with the ethical guidelines for authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia, and Muscle.42Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the skeletal muscles produced by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. Enzymatic replacement therapy with recombinant human alpha-glucosidase seems to reduce the progression of the disease; although at the moment, it is not completely clear to what extent. Quantitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) is a good biomarker for the follow-up of fat replacement in neuromuscular disorders. The aim of this study was to describe the changes observed in fat replacement in skeletal muscles using qMRI in a cohort of LOPD patients followed prospectively. A total of 36 LOPD patients were seen once every year for 4 years. qMRI, several muscle function tests, spirometry, activities of daily living scales, and quality-of-life scales were performed on each visit. Muscle MRI consisted of two-point Dixon studies of the trunk and thigh muscles. Computer analysis of the images provided the percentage of muscle degenerated and replaced by fat in every muscle (known as fat fraction). Longitudinal analysis of the measures was performed using linear mixed models applying the Greenhouse-Geisser test. We detected a statistically significant and continuous increase in mean thigh fat fraction both in treated (+5.8% in 3 years) and in pre-symptomatic patients (+2.6% in 3years) (Greenhouse-Geisser p < 0.05). As an average, fat fraction increased by 1.9% per year in treated patients, compared with 0.8% in pre-symptomatic patients. Fat fraction significantly increased in every muscle of the thighs. We observed a significant correlation between changes observed in fat fraction in qMRI and changes observed in the results of the muscle function tests performed. Moreover, we identified that muscle performance and mean thigh fat fraction at baseline visit were independent parameters influencing fat fraction progression over 4 years (analysis of covariance, p < 0.05). Our study identifies that skeletal muscle fat fraction continues to increase in patients with LOPD despite the treatment with enzymatic replacement therapy. These results suggest that the process of muscle degeneration is not stopped by the treatment and could impact muscle function over the years. Hereby, we show that fat fraction along with muscle function tests can be considered a good outcome measures for clinical trials in LOPD patients

Biological significance of monoallelic and biallelic BIRC3 loss in del(11q) chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression

© The Author(s) 2021.BIRC3 is monoallelically deleted in up to 80% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases harboring del(11q). In addition, truncating mutations in the remaining allele of this gene can lead to BIRC3 biallelic inactivation, which has been shown to be a marker for reduced survival in CLL. Nevertheless, the biological mechanisms by which these lesions could contribute to del(11q) CLL pathogenesis and progression are partially unexplored. We implemented the CRISPR/Cas9-editing system to generate isogenic CLL cell lines harboring del(11q) and/or BIRC3 mutations, modeling monoallelic and biallelic BIRC3 loss. Our results reveal that monoallelic BIRC3 deletion in del(11q) cells promotes non-canonical NF-κB signaling activation via RelB-p52 nuclear translocation, being these effects allelic dose-dependent and therefore further enhanced in del(11q) cells with biallelic BIRC3 loss. Moreover, we demonstrate ex vivo in primary cells that del(11q) cases including BIRC3 within their deleted region show evidence of non-canonical NF-κB activation which correlates with high BCL2 levels and enhanced sensitivity to venetoclax. Furthermore, our results show that BIRC3 mutations in del(11q) cells promote clonal advantage in vitro and accelerate leukemic progression in an in vivo xenograft model. Altogether, this work highlights the biological bases underlying disease progression of del(11q) CLL patients harboring BIRC3 deletion and mutation.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI15/01471, PI18/01500, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “Una manera de hacer Europa”, “Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León” (SA271P18), “Proyectos de Investigación del SACYL”, Spain GRS 2062/A/19, GRS 1847/A/18, GRS1653/A17,“Fundación Memoria Don Samuel Solórzano Barruso” (FS/23-2018), by grants (RD12/0036/0069) from Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RTICC), Universidad de Salamanca (Programa XIII), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC CB16/12/00233) and SYNtherapy “Synthetic Lethality for Personalized Therapy-based Stratification In Acute Leukemia” (ERAPERMED2018-275); ISCIII (AC18/00093), co-funded by ERDF/ESF, “Investing in your future”. M.Q.Á. and A.E.R.V. are supported with a research grant by FEHH (“Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia”); M.H.S. holds a Sara Borrell postdoctoral contract (CD19/00222) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). C.P.C. was supported by an “Ayuda predoctoral en Oncología” (AECC) and is a recipient of a PFIS grant (FI19/00191) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PFIS grant and Sara Borrell postdoctoral contrat are co-founded by Fondo Social Europeo (FSE) “El Fondo Social Europeo invierte en tu futuro”; J.L.O. and R.B.S. are supported by a grant from the University of Salamanca (“Contrato postdoctoral programa II”)

Statistical Evaluation of Metaproteomics and 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing Techniques for Study of Gut Microbiota Establishment in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis

Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) can identify affected but asymptomatic infants. The selection of omic technique for gut microbiota study is crucial due to both the small amount of feces available and the low microorganism load. Our aims were to compare the agreement between 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metaproteomics by a robust statistical analysis, including both presence and abundance of taxa, to describe the sequential establishment of the gut microbiota during the first year of life in a small size sample (8 infants and 28 fecal samples). The taxonomic assignations by the two techniques were similar, whereas certain discrepancies were observed in the abundance detection, mostly the lower predicted relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and the higher predicted relative abundance of certain Firmicutes and Proteobacteria by amplicon sequencing. During the first months of life, the CF gut microbiota is characterized by a significant enrichment of Ruminococcus gnavus, the expression of certain virulent bacterial traits, and the detection of human inflammation-related proteins. Metaproteomics provides information on composition and functionality, as well as data on host-microbiome interactions. Its strength is the identification and quantification of Actinobacteria and certain classes of Firmicutes, but alpha diversity indices are not comparable to those of amplicon sequencing. Both techniques detected an aberrant microbiota in our small cohort of infants with CF during their first year of life, dominated by the enrichment of R. gnavus within a human inflammatory environment. IMPORTANCE In recent years, some techniques have been incorporated for the study of microbial ecosystems, being 16S rRNA gene sequencing being the most widely used. Metaproteomics provides the advantage of identifying the interaction between microorganisms and human cells, but the available databases are less extensive as well as imprecise. Few studies compare the statistical differences between the two techniques to define the composition of an ecosystem. Our work shows that the two methods are comparable in terms of microorganism identification but provide different results in alpha diversity analysis. On the other hand, we have studied newborns with cystic fibrosis, for whom we have described the establishment of an intestinal ecosystem marked by the inflammatory response of the host and the enrichment of Ruminococcus gnavus

From Biomarkers to Models in the Changing Landscape of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Evolve or Become Extinct

hronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an extremely heterogeneous disease. With the advent of oral targeted agents (Tas) the treatment of CLL has undergone a revolution, which has been accompanied by an improvement in patient’s survival and quality of life. This paradigm shift also affects the value of prognostic and predictive biomarkers and prognostic models, most of them inherited from the chemoimmunotherapy era but with a different behavior with Tas. This review discusses: (i) the role of the most relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers in the setting of Tas; and (ii) the validity of classic and new scoring systems in the context of Tas. In addition, a critical point of view about predictive biomarkers with special emphasis on 11q deletion, novel resistance mutations, TP53 abnormalities, IGHV mutational status, complex karyotype and NOTCH1 mutations is stated. We also go over prognostic models in early stage CLL such as IPS-E. Finally, we provide an overview of the applicability of the CLL-IPI for patients treated with Tas, as well as the emergence of new models, generated with data from patients treated with Tas

AC-Innovación. Espacio web de innovación y prácticas docentes en comunicación y arte

AC-Innovación se plantea como una plataforma digital para actividades de innovación y prácticas docentes destinada a alumnos de las áreas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades dentro de las titulaciones de Grado y Máster en publicidad y Relaciones Públicas, Comunicación Audiovisual, Historia del Arte y Bellas Artes, como espacio web de difusión, por parte de aquellos alumnos que deseen integrarse, de los trabajos realizados e inicialmente planteados a través de esta intranet, facilitando su conocimiento y divulgación, con los consiguientes beneficios que esto implica tanto en el ámbito académico e investigador como en el laboral. Partiendo de proyectos anteriores, se creó en primer lugar la estructura de la plataforma online y el diseño de sus elementos, haciendo la posterior implementación con datos actualizados, poniendo así en práctica la posibilidad de presentar y divulgar el resultado de los mejores trabajos y prácticas docentes elaborados durante el curso académico, tanto en el aula como fuera de ella. El plantamiento inicial de la plataforma integraba las áreas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades en el ámbito de las relaciones Arte, Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad, creando un espacio virtual abierto a la difusión de los primeros trabajos de investigación de los alumnos (trabajos de Fin de Máster y de Fin de Grado), a la innovación docente (aplicación de nuevas tecnologías para la práctica docente) y al mundo laboral (entrevistas a profesionales de los diferentes sectores implicados, reseñas de eventos profesionales, exposiciones, etc.). Con el nuevo espacio web se aúnan y dan continuidad a proyectos anteriores vinculados a la difusión de trabajos de inicio a la investigación (ACReserach. Plataforma digital para jóvenes investigadores en artes plásticas, arquitectura y comunicación en la ciudad contemporánea. Convocatorias 2014 y 2015) y a la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías para la innovación y prácticas docentes (Plataforma online para alumnos de Comunicación Audiovisual, Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas e Historia del Arte). Convocatorias 2017 y 2018), enmarcándose así plenamente dentro de los nuevos criterios establecidos por el Plan de Bolonia en la configuración del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, entre cuyos objetivos está la necesidad de potenciar las aptitudes y destrezas del alumno en el proceso educativo mediante un incremento considerable de su participación en el mismo, tanto en el desarrollo de los cursos como en el momento final, especialmente importante, en el que se requieren nuevos impulsos que estimulen pautas y orientaciones en el proceso a seguir. Atendiendo a las directrices del nuevo Plan, la incorporación de las Nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) a la metodología docente universitaria se hace imprescindible para acometer el reto de la construcción de una Europa del conocimiento basada en la calidad del sistema educativo, facilitando con ello la inexcusable reformulación del papel y práctica pedagógica del docente y el desarrollo e interacción de las destrezas y potencialidades cognitivas del alumno. En este sentido, las nuevas tecnologías facilitan el desarrollo de una acción formativa flexible, centrada en el estudiante y adaptada a sus características y necesidades, y así se ha entendido la idoneidad y oportunidad de crear, desarrollar y actualizar la plataforma online de prácticas docentes e investigación objeto de este proyecto

Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Different Hispanic Countries: An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on the pooled sample of participants (N = 1,979) obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants' countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2 (N = 1,171), we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one's children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA's predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain

TRAF3 alterations are frequent in del-3′IGH chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and define a specific subgroup with adverse clinical features

Interstitial 14q32 deletions involving IGH gene are infrequent events in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), affecting less than 5% of patients. To date, little is known about their clinical impact and molecular underpinnings, and its mutational landscape is currently unknown. In this work, a total of 871 CLLs were tested for the IGH break-apart probe, and 54 (6.2%) had a 300 kb deletion of 3′IGH (del-3′IGH CLLs), which contributed to a shorter time to first treatment (TFT). The mutational analysis by next-generation sequencing of 317 untreated CLLs (54 del-3′IGH and 263 as the control group) showed high mutational frequencies of NOTCH1 (30%), ATM (20%), genes involved in the RAS signaling pathway (BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, and MAP2K1) (15%), and TRAF3 (13%) within del-3′IGH CLLs. Notably, the incidence of TRAF3 mutations was significantly higher in del-3′IGH CLLs than in the control group (p < .001). Copy number analysis also revealed that TRAF3 loss was highly enriched in CLLs with 14q deletion (p < .001), indicating a complete biallelic inactivation of this gene through deletion and mutation. Interestingly, the presence of mutations in the aforementioned genes negatively refined the prognosis of del-3′IGH CLLs in terms of overall survival (NOTCH1, ATM, and RAS signaling pathway genes) and TFT (TRAF3). Furthermore, TRAF3 biallelic inactivation constituted an independent risk factor for TFT in the entire CLL cohort. Altogether, our work demonstrates the distinct genetic landscape of del-3′IGH CLL with multiple molecular pathways affected, characterized by a TRAF3 biallelic inactivation that contributes to a marked poor outcome in this subgroup of patients.Funding information: Universidad de Salamanca; Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia (FEHH); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Grant/Award Number: CB16/12/00233; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RTICC); “Fundación Memoria Don Samuel Solórzano Barruso”: FS/33–2020, Grant/Award Number: RD12/0036/0069; “Gerencia Regional de Salud, SACYL”:, Grant/Award Numbers: GRS2385/A/21, GRS2140/A/20; Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León, Grant/Award Number: SA118P20; European Regional Development Fund and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grant/Award Numbers: CD19/00222, FI19/00191; Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Grant/Award Numbers: PI21/00983, PI18/0150

Educar en patrimonio con perspectiva de género desde la educación no formal: El proyecto “Soleando en el río de la vida”

Introduction: This article presents the research project entitled "Sunning in the river of life". Carried out by a group of women belonging to Matria Association of women for a culture also in feminine*, linked to the field of formal and non-formal education, with the aim of valuing the maintenance activities carried out by women in their daily life called "domestic".&nbsp; Method: The methodology used has been narrative biographical, which as a branch of interpretive research, shares some general principles of qualitative research. Method that focuses on the experience of the subject whose story allows us to know her experience centered on a topic and in a specific time and context. Using standardized and in-depth interviews, systematic and participant observation, discussion groups with the participation of researchers, to obtain data.&nbsp; Results: The results of the investigation have shown numerous variables related to the daily work of women and water, relevant to deepen the analysis of the history of the daily life of women and to value the so-called "domestic" jobs that They are guarantors of the well-being of the community.&nbsp; Conclusions: This research opens the way to continue with the investigation of the history of the daily life of women in a specific time and context and to reflect on it from a critical and constructive perspective both in formal and non-formal and informal education with the goal of achieving a more just and egalitarian society and favor culture also in feminine.Introducción: En este artículo se presenta el proyecto de investigación titulado “Soleando en el río de la vida”. Llevado a cabo por un grupo de mujeres pertenecientes a Matria Asociación de mujeres por una cultura también en femenino*, vinculadas al ámbito de la educación formal y no formal, con el objetivo de poner en valor las actividades de mantenimiento realizadas por las mujeres en su vida cotidiana denominadas “domésticas“. Método: La metodología utilizada ha sido la biográfica narrativa, la cual como rama de la investigación interpretativa, comparte algunos principios generales de la investigación cualitativa. Método que se focaliza en la experiencia del sujeto cuyo relato permite conocer su experiencia centrada en un tema y en un tiempo y contexto geográfico concreto. Utilizando para la obtención de datos las entrevistas estandarizadas y en profundidad, la observación sistemática y participante y los grupos de discusión con la participación de las personas que componen el equipo de investigación&nbsp; Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación han mostrado numerosas variables relacionadas con el trabajo cotidiano de las mujeres y el agua, relevantes para profundizar en el análisis de la historia de la vida cotidiana de la mujeres y poner el valor los trabajos denominados “domésticos” que son garantes del bienestar de la comunidad. Conclusiones: Esta investigación abre camino para continuar con la investigación de la historia de la vida cotidiana de la mujeres en un tiempo y un espacio concretos y reflexionar sobre ello desde una perspectiva critica y constructiva tanto en la educación formal como no formal con el objetivo de lograr un sociedad más justa e igualitaria y favorecer la cultura también en femenino.&nbsp