Comparación de dos métodos de extracción de metales en suelos por formación de quelatos con EDTA 0,05 M y con DTPA 0,005 M

28 páginas.-- 23 figuras.-- 10 tablas.-- 11 referencias.-- Memoria presentada en el XLI Curso Internacional de Edafología y Biología VegetalDirectora: Díaz Barrientos, EncarnaciónEste trabajo se encuentra dentro del proyecto de investigación de ámbito nacional "Calidad de los suelos urbanos de Sevilla: Seguimiento de la disponibilidad de elementos tóxicos y propuestas para rehabilitación de áreas contaminadas", y del proyecto URBSOIL de la Unión Europea, ambos desarrollados por el grupo "Química de Interfases en Procesos Medioambientales" del Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, en los que se pretende establecer la calidad de los suelos del área urbana de Sevilla, sobre todo de aquéllos de uso público (parques y jardines), con especial referencia al grado de contaminación en contaminantes orgánicos e inorgánicos. Estos proyectos, en especial el segundo, están enfocados a aportar a Ayuntamientos y otros órganos de decisión información acerca de I calidad de los suelos urbanos, y en última instancia se pretende proponer una "herramienta de apoyo a la decisión" (DST) para el manejo y uso del recurso suelo en zonas urbanas. Se van a estudiar los metales disponibles según dos extractantes: EDTA O.05M Y DTPA O.005M, ambos agentes complejantes orgánicos, y se compararán los dos para la extracción de los siguientes metales pesados: Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni y Zn. Aunque ambos métodos son frecuentemente utilizados para estudiar la biodisponibilidad de metales, conviene establecer si ambos métodos dan información comparable o, por el contrario, hay motivos que hagan aconsejable el uso de alguno de ellos en general o para algunos metales en particular.Peer reviewe

Inteligencia emocional y coaching en la universidad: consolidación de un proyecto de innovación educativa.

Generalmente la formación que reciben los estudiantes de Ingeniería está directamente relacionada con el aumento de su capacidad intelectual y la adquisición de conocimientos y destrezas técnicas. Sin embargo, aunque la formación técnica que adquieran los alumnos es importante, tanto o más lo es la forma en que aprendan a relacionarse consigo mismos y con los demás. Cualidades personales tales como la iniciativa, la empatía, la flexibilidad, el optimismo o la autoconfianza son determinantes en su rendimiento académico actual y lo serán en su éxito profesional en el futuro. El objetivo general de algunos de los proyectos que se han desarrollado en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) durante los últimos tres cursos académicos ha sido apoyar a los alumnos participantes en la adquisición de este tipo de competencias transversales relacionadas más que con el aumento de su inteligencia racional, con el mejor aprovechamiento de su potencial intelectual, fomentando el que su mundo emocional y social trabaje a su favor. Paralela y complementariamente, se ha formado a profesores de la UPM en técnicas de Coaching a utilizar en su desempeño diario en el aula y en la acción tutorial con sus alumnos. En este artículo se presentan los principales resultados de la última edición del proyecto correspondiente al curso académico 2011-2012 y la proyección a futuro de los trabajos realizados para que los beneficios obtenidos alcancen a todo el colectivo universitario de la UPM: profesores, alumnos y personal de administración y servicios

Violencia a la diferencia y diferencias en la violencia: educación superior y discapacidad

El ideal de una sociedad siempre ha sido que todos los miembros tengan derecho a la educación; por lo tanto, está instituido como una garantía universal su acceso sin que exista distinción de raza, género, credo, ideología, status económico, político o social. Solo que esta idea romántica de desarrollo apenas está plasmada en documentos, la sociedad en su conjunto siempre ha privilegiado la homogeneidad e históricamente ha dejado de lado a todos aquellos que ve diferentes. En este sentido, es la exclusión simbólica y concreta ha permeado los distintos escenarios en donde lo educativo ha sido una barrera de entrada y mas aun el acceso al mundo del trabajo y al ejercicio de su ciudadanía. El objeto de estudio es el campo de la discapacidad. Siendo allí, en donde se trenza un proyecto de investigación exploratorio y cualitativo realizado con entrevistas a profundidad en estudiantes con alguna discapacidad de 7 organismos académicos universitarios observando como hallazgos relevantes en los análisis realizados que dentro de ellos la adaptación a los entornos educativos. Se refleja de forma visible manifestaciones ambiguas de exclusión, existen diferencias de segregación y auto-segregación igual a “discapafobia”. Permitiendo la reflexión sobre los individuos que en los espacios universitarios se están formando, hombres y mujeres en disciplinas académicas diversas que viven en sus psiques e intelectos prisiones de formación que no reconocen y tratan aquel y aquella que es diferente como ajeno a un entorno de preparación para el mundo del conocimiento y de la vida concluyéndose que dentro de las diferencias existen diferencias que chocan con los silencios que nunca fueron dibujados en tintas, sombras, señas, ruidos o un par de huellas en la arena

Contribution of Phenotypic Heterogeneity to plant colonization by Pseudomonas syringae

In bacterial clonal populations, cell to cell differences can be originated by the response to different stimuli present in the environment. However, the sources of variation may not always be directly correlated with stimuli. In some cases, these differences are merely a consequence of the noise in gene expression or in others, a programmed event under genetic or epigenetic control. The presence of different phenotypes can allow some individuals to survive sudden environmental changes (risk-spreading) and can also lead to the division of labour between individuals. The relevance of this process has been demonstrated in Salmonella and other human pathogens for the expression of virulence genes and has been linked to the establishment of a successful infection. However, little is known about the importance of this process in the colonization of the plant tissue. In the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae we have demonstrated that the T3SS show phenotypic heterogeneity during the colonization of the plant. We have also established that flagella is expressed and displays phenotypic heterogeneity during colonization of the apoplast. These processes are counter-regulated. Nonetheless, all possible combinations for T3SS and flagella expression are formed within the apoplastic population, including T3SSON/FlagellaON and T3SSOFF/FlagellaOFF bacteria. We show that expression and function of these virulence-relevant loci impact bacterial fitness and describe how plant defences modulate their expression at the population level. All these observations support the notion that the phenotypic heterogeneity is a relevant process for the adaptation of P. syringae to the plant host.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Risk factors for thrombotic microangiopathy in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients receiving GVHD prophylaxis with tacrolimus plus MTX or sirolimus

Post-transplant complications.-- et al.Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a feared complication of allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) owing to its high mortality rate. The use of calcineurin inhibitors or sirolimus (SIR) for GVHD prophylaxis has been suggested as a potential risk factor. However, the impact of tacrolimus (TAC) and SIR combinations on the increased risk of TA-TMA is currently not well defined. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of TA-TMA in 102 allogeneic HSCT recipients who consecutively received TAC plus SIR (TAC/SIR) (n=68) or plus MTX (TAC/MTX)±ATG (n=34) for GVHD prophylaxis. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of TA-TMA between patients receiving TAC/SIR vs TAC/MTX±ATG (7.4% vs 8.8%, P=0.8). Only grade III-IV acute GVHD, previous HSCT and serum levels of TAC >25 ng/mL were associated with a greater risk of TA-TMA. Patients developing TA-TMA have significantly poorer survival (P<0.001); however, TA-TMA ceased to be an independent prognostic factor when it was included in a multivariate model. In conclusion, the combination of TAC/SIR does not appear to pose a higher risk of TA-TMA. By contrast, we identified three different risk groups for developing TA-TMA.Peer Reviewe

In Utero p,p′-DDE Exposure and Infant Neurodevelopment: A Perinatal Cohort in Mexico

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) affects neurodevelopment in infants, although a critical exposure window has not yet been identified. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to assess the prenatal DDE exposure window and its effect on the psychomotor development index (PDI) and mental development index (MDI) during the first year of life. METHODS: We recruited 244 children whose pregnancies and deliveries were uncomplicated, and whose mothers were monitored throughout the pregnancy. Participating mothers were not occupationally exposed to DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) but were residents of a zone in Mexico with endemic malaria. We measured serum levels of DDE before pregnancy and during each trimester of the pregnancy. We evaluated PDI and MDI of the Bayley Scales for Infant Development (BSID-II), at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age. We adjusted for quality of the home environment and maternal intellectual coefficient (IQ). We used generalized mixed-effects models for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Third-trimester DDE level (7.8 ± 2.8 ppb) was significantly higher than the level at baseline, first, and second trimesters, but the differences never exceeded 20%. Only DDE levels during the first trimester of pregnancy were associated with a significant reduction in PDI (every doubled increase of DDE level reduced the PDI 0.5 points). DDE was not associated with MDI. CONCLUSIONS: A critical window of exposure to DDE in utero may be the first trimester of the pregnancy, and psychomotor development is a target of this compound. Residues of DDT metabolites may present a risk of developmental delay for years after termination of DDT use

Analysis of incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of thromboembolic and bleeding events in 431 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients

This is an open-access paper.-- et al.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients have an increasing risk of both hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications. However, the competing risks of two of these life-threatening complications in these complex patients have still not been well defined. We retrospectively analyzed data from 431 allogeneic transplantation recipients to identify the incidence, risk factors and mortality due to thrombosis and bleeding. Significant clinical bleeding was more frequent than symptomatic thrombosis. The cumulative incidence of a bleeding episode was 30.2% at 14 years. The cumulative incidence of a venous or arterial thrombosis at 14 years was 11.8% and 4.1%, respectively. The analysis of competing factors for venous thrombosis revealed extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease to be the only independent prognostic risk factor. By contrast, six factors were associated with an increased risk of bleeding; advanced disease, ablative conditioning regimen, umbilical cord blood transplantation, anticoagulation, acute III-IV graft-versus-host disease, and transplant-associated microangiopathy. The development of thrombosis did not significantly affect overall survival (P=0.856). However, significant clinical bleeding was associated with inferior survival (P<0.001). In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, significant clinical bleeding is more common than thrombotic complications and affects survival.Peer Reviewe

SAlBi educa (Tailored Nutrition App for Improving Dietary Habits): Initial Evaluation of Usability

In recent years, the use of applications to improve dietary habits has increased. Although numerous nutrition apps are available on the market, only few have been developed by health and nutrition professionals based on scientific evidence and subsequently tested to prove their usability. The main objective of this study was to design, develop, and evaluate the usability of a tailored nutrition application to be used to promote healthy eating habits. In order to decide app design and content, three focus groups took place with fifteen professionals from primary healthcare, nutrition, and food science and computer science, as well as expert users. For the general and feedback message design, a reference model based on the scientific literature was developed. To address the multi-perspective approach of users' and external healthcare professionals' feedback, a one-day pilot testing with potential users and healthcare professionals was conducted with four focus groups. To evaluate the relevance and potential usability of the app a 1-month pilot test was conducted in a real-life environment. A total of 42 volunteers participated in the one-day pilot testing, and 39 potential users participated in the 1-month pilot test. The SAlBi educa app developed includes an online dietary record, a self-monitoring tool to evaluate dietary patterns, general and feedback messages, and examples of traditional Mediterranean recipes. The usability study showed that volunteers think that SAlBi educa is pleasant (59%) and easy to learn to use (94%). Over 84% of the volunteers declared that the nutritional messages were clear and useful. Volunteers stated that general and tailored recommendations, as well as self-monitoring, were SAlBi educa's most motivating and useful features. SAlBi educa is an innovative, user-friendly nutritional education tool with the potential to engage and help individuals to follow dietary habits based on the Mediterranean model.Junta de Andalucía PIN-0050-201

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Lung Cancer and Venous Thromboembolism

Background. The natural history of patients with lung cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been consistently evaluated. Methods  We used the RIETE (Registro Informatizado Enfermedad TromboEmbólica) database to assess the clinical characteristics, time course, and outcomes during anticoagulation of lung cancer patients with acute, symptomatic VTE. Results  As of May 2017, a total of 1,725 patients were recruited: 1,208 (70%) presented with pulmonary embolism (PE) and 517 with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Overall, 865 patients (50%) were diagnosed with cancer <3 months before, 1,270 (74%) had metastases, and 1,250 (72%) had no additional risk factors for VTE. During anticoagulation (median, 93 days), 166 patients had symptomatic VTE recurrences (recurrent DVT: 86, PE: 80), 63 had major bleeding (intracranial 11), and 870 died. The recurrence rate was twofold higher than the major bleeding rate during the first month, and over threefold higher beyond the first month. Fifty-seven patients died of PE and 15 died of bleeding. Most fatal PEs (84%) and most fatal bleeds (67%) occurred within the first month of therapy. Nine patients with fatal PE (16%) died within the first 24 hours. Of 72 patients dying of PE or bleeding, 15 (21%) had no metastases and 29 (40%) had the VTE shortly after surgery or immobility. Conclusion  Active surveillance on early signs and/or symptoms of VTE in patients with recently diagnosed lung cancer and prescription of prophylaxis in those undergoing surgery or during periods of immobilization might likely help prevent VTE better, detect it earlier, and treat it more efficiently.publishersversionPeer reviewe